Journal of Research and Health
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Mar-Apr 2015

Since different nations have emphasized reusing their traditional methods in medicine over the last two decades، and the World Health Organization’s recent approach has also focused on restoring traditional medicine in different parts of the world، those methods that are more compatible with the popular culture of a country should be considered. In our country، the traditional medicine، with its rich resources and scientific support as well as its considerable compatibility with the health orders of Islam، and the recommendations of the Holy Prophet and Imams، has been regarded by scientists and people for a long time. Using Iranian traditional medicine and the rich and valuable treasures of this precious heritage has useful and researchable issues in order to enrich human knowledge and scientific advances، and to open new windows into the field of medicine. To be expanded، the traditional medicine needs to be organized، its education has to be centralized، and its educational content should be based on scientific documents and evidence so that academic communities could be satisfied and possible misuses in the field of complementary and traditional medicine could be prevented. Establishing the secretariat of the complementary and traditional medicine educational council in the Ministry of Health، medicinal herbs center، and traditional medicine school seems to be an effective measure to institutionalize and organize theses sciences in Iran. Necessary planning to employ the essential and efficient staff can be one of the important duties of this secretariat، and it can be operational by compiling educational planning for MSc and PhD courses on traditional medicine. The aim of this major is to train specialists familiar with popular principles and methods of prevention، treatment، education، and applicable researches in Iranian traditional medicine. Consequently، in addition to using the newest information of the classical medicine، this method can be used to provide، restore، and promote health in patients and societies when its application is useful for them and it promotes human knowledge. Ultimately، the three factors affecting organization and development include compiling the curriculum and teaching these sciences in universities considering academic standards، extracting results based on researches and reliable documents and evidences، and informing academic communities clearly، properly، and precisely.

The main purpose of this study was designing a questionnaire to measure human flourishing based on Seligman’s model. Therefore، based on an extensive literature review of existing measures، an initial questionnaire with 50 questions was prepared. Sample was selected randomly in two stages. In the initial stage، a sample of 50 people were selected in order to assessment the reliability، and then a sample of 400 for performing factor analysis. According to the results of factor analysis، the 28 items which were positively correlated with the total test and at least had a factor loading of 35/0 or higher on a factor، were selected for the final questionnaire. The questionnaire of 28 items، was named human flourishing. Validity of the human flourishing questionnaire (HFQ) was calculated via the correlation coefficient of this scale with «The Ahvaz self-actualization questionnaire»، Diener’s flourishing questionnaire and depression questionnaire of Beck. Accordingly، a four-factor structure was achieved including positive emotions، relationships، meaning، and achievement. In addition، the HFQ’s reliability was determined using internal consistency (Cronbach''s alpha). The result in this study showed that FQ has satisfactory reliability and validity coefficients so can be used in psychological research and measuring studies in order to measure human flourishing.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. In developed countries، one in every nine women will be diagnosed with this type of cancer. The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing and compared with similar patients in Western countries are about 10 years younger. The aim of this research is Investigation breast self-examination based on stage of change (SOC) in those volunteers in Mashhad، Iran، 2013. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 health volunteers above age 20 years. They are people that in order to promote healthy behaviors in society، learned hygiene skills and training necessary courses and they transfer their know ledges to at least 50 families. They were selected by stratified sampling method from population covered by urban health centers of Mashhad. Each of 1 to 5 health centers of Mashhad was considered as a class. Cases were selected and studied from each class، proportional to the number of covered volunteers of that health center. Data were collected by self-report questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and statistical t-test، Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient، linear regression. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significance. The means’s of age participant was 34. 7±9. 2 In review the prediction Breast Self- examination behavior based on stage of change، it was shown that structure of stage of change 54 percent can be variable predictive in Breast Self- examination. This study had shown the effectiveness of structure of stage of change to emphasize the behavior related to BSE. Thus، it seems to be a theory as a framework for designing educational programs to improve women''s health and reduce deaths from breast cancer.

Sport is an emotional experience for many athletes and Negative emotions can hurt performance both physically and mentally، thus an athlete''s ability to maintain control of their emotions before، during and after competition is essential to successful performance. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional intelligence components training on Athlete and non-Athlete girl Students’ Profile of Mood States. The pretest، posttest randomized control group quasi­ experimental design was adopted for the study. Using multi -stage cluster sampling 120 girl students (60 athlete، 60non athlete) were selected in Tehran، Then they were replaced in the two experimental groups and two control groups. As pretest and post test emotional intelligence questionnaire and Brunel Mood Scale was administrated for each groups. Emotional intelligence components training during eleven sessions twice a week was applied for experimental groups. The control groups did not receive intervention.. Data were analyzed by univariate covariance (ANCOVA). The results indicate that emotional intelligence component training had a significantly effect on both Athlete and non-Athlete girl Students’ Profile of Mood States and covariance analysis showed that Compared with the control group، the experimental group Statistically significant increased in positive mood (vigor) and decreased in negative moods (anger، tension، fatigue and depression). In confusion as a negative mood، there were no significant differences between control and experimental groups. Based on these findings، in link with previous research unlike IQ، emotional intelligence can be expandable through training. Thus، mental health professionals especially sports psychologists and school counselors can benefit from the positive consequences of emotional intelligence training to their clients.

In many societies fairness and equality are the most significant concepts among the governments and peoples. In the health systems، the fast increase in expenses takes expert’s attention to measure and control the inequality. The aim of this paper is to investigate the inequality of household’s health expense’s in the Iran and making its statistical map. The health expenses data for doing this research have been gotten from the statistical center of Iran (SCI). The process of preparing data and estimating the statistical indexes have been done using the S-PLUS software. Spatial analysis and predictions have been done by geoR. For making statistical maps we have used Arcgis9. 2 software. We conclude that the mean of costs and its gini coefficient increases، from east to the west of Iran. The Gini coefficient of household’s health expenses differs from 0. 64 to 0. 84، which show the existence of high inequality in this type of expenses. For eastern and north-western areas the least Gini coefficient had been predicted. In Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan provinces the most inequality are predicted. Governments should try by financial aids decrease the inequality and receive fairness in health systems.

The present study intends to increase the psychological well-being and quality of life of the patients and their psychological conditions due to emotional discharge with the written structure in the patients suffering from psychosomatic. After using the comprehensive physiological well-being and quality of life questionnaires، eventually 40 patients who were suffering from psychosomatic disorder were selected from among the patients who had referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran whose selected by convience sampling and regarding to exclude -include criteria. Then، they formed two groups: experimental and control group، on the random basis. After written emotional expression، the data which had been gathered were analyzed using a covariance analysis statistic test. Findings of this study indicated that the emotional expression made a meaningful decrease in the quality of life، health and physical conditions and so، well-being of the subjects of experimental group compared to control group (P< 0. 05). Further، emotional disclosure helps people in improving quality of life، psychological well-being and enhancing health and physical conditions in longtime by dissociating the procedure of inhibiting emotions.

Arsenic has been considered as one of the most hazardous element for the living organisms and its presence in natural waters، can result in serious health and environmental problems. In this study، Pistacia Atlantica seed extract ability in a batch system to remove arsenate from aqueous solutions was investigated. This study is an experimental study that was performed in a batch reactor. The effects of major operating variables such as coagulant dose (3–35 mg/L)، coagulant aid dose (0. 5-5 ml/L)، initial arsenic (10-1000µg/L)، initial turbidity (10 -100 NTU) and pH (2-12) were investigated. The optimum pH for arsenic and turbidity removal by coagulation using ferric chloride was 6. The highest removal for an initial arsenic concentration of 100 µg/L using 5 mg/L ferric chloride and 0. 5 ml/L coagulant aid was found to be 94%، while at the same conditions without use of a coagulant aid، required ferric chloride was 10 mg/L. According to achieved results، it was found that Pistacia atlantica seed extract not only was an inexpensive coagulant aid، but also a quite effective factor in removal of As (v) and turbidity from aqueous environments.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is an evidence-based، multidisciplinary، comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases who are symptomatic and whose daily living activities are often restricted. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are designed to improve the physical and emotional condition of people with chronic respiratory disease and to promote long-term adherence to health-enhancing behavior. This study was a semi-experimental study on 50 patients who were older than 60 years and had chronic respiratory disease. The patients were divided randomly in to two groups. In the experiment group the exercise program was initiated with a pattern of 3 times per week for 2 months، according to the walking check list. The walking distant for the patients was 400 meters، following a physician’s approval and its duration was 15 to 35 minutes each time. At the end of the 2 months intervention، the quality of life was evaluated in both groups for the second time. the results showed a statistical significant relation between the quality of life in patients and some of their demographic characteristics such as age، sex، marital status، level of education، duration of the disease and smoking (P<0. 05). It was also proved that a regular walking program can lead to an increase in the quality of life of patients with moderate COPD (P<0. 05). Pulmonary rehabilitation programs improved quality of life in chronic respiratory disease.

The prevalence of AIDS/HIV is dramatically increasing worldwide. Iran and other Middle East countries are no exception in this regard. The main aim of this study was to assess the effects AIDS education on Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs among the health volunteers in Roshtkar. The study was conducted as a quasi-experimental trial. One hundred fifty health volunteers were randomly selected and divided into two groups، namely the experimental and control. Having verified the validity and reliability of the questionnaire، it was utilized as a means of data collection. Thirty days after the intervention، the questionnaires were completed again. The data was coded. The collected data were inserted in SPSS software and analyzed by the statistical independent t-test، paired t-test، Pearson Correlation test. The results showed that before intervention، mean scores of knowledge، perceived benefits، barriers، susceptibility and severity، and self-efficacy were not significantly different between the two groups. After training، scores of all variables in intervention group significantly increased. Self-efficacy، perceived benefits، was the strongest predictor within the HBM. AIDS education program could have a better effect on Health Belief Model constructs on AIDS in health volunteers and Household by covered than the AIDS education program by itself.

Life satisfaction is a subjective and unique concept for each person that constitutes an essential component of the subjective well-being. The aim of his study was investigating the psychometric properties of Multidimentional student’s Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) by using confirmatory factor analysis. Sample size of 307 students in Tehran were selected randomly. To calculate the convergent validity of MSLSS، Satisfaction with Life Scale and Body Image Concern Inventory were implemented. Confirmatory factor structure for the first-order approach to MSLSS estimated using weighted least squares (WLS) criteria for assessing the adequacy of the data model with RMR، RMSEA، CFI، AGFI، GFI، 2c، / df2 c and 2 D c used. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient of MSLSS was above 0. 70 and the limit was satisfactory. Factor structure of the MSLSS after the first time using confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that MSLSS is a significant positive relationship with Satisfaction with Life Scale and significant negative relationship with Body Image Concern Inventory which shows the convergent validity. A single first-order factor structure of MSLSS were better fit with the observed data. Confirmatory factor structure، reliability and validity of the MSLSS for research applications and clinical diagnostics were within acceptable limits.

Twenty-first century challenges of nursing work is increasing complexity of care in the workplace. On the other word، medical errors is major challenge threaten for patient safety in all countries. The most common medical errors that identified are medication errors. With changing patterns of health services، the complexity increases in all workplaces. Since the medication administration is the main duties of nurses and drug companies influence of different drugs and different drugs for many patients، illegible handwriting of doctors، no prescription necessary recommendations، policies and new technology enterprise to apply، so it is a complicated process and in health care، the care complexity is one of the variables the affect on the occurrence of medication errors by nurses. This aim of study was translation، validity and reliability of care complexity scale in medication errors by nurses that for this purpose، the scale translates by Wilde and colleagues model (2005)، content and face validity using the 12 specialists and nurses reviewed and revised. Then the 115 nurses in teaching - therapeutic centers of shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were asked to complete the scale. Factor analysis revealed that scale had single factor. Also reliability using Cranach''s alpha coefficient for internal consistency showed moderate reliability of scale (α =0. 61) and correlation coefficient in test- retest for stability (r =0. 88). Although translation of care complexity scale in medical errors has satisfactory reliability and validity and can be used in the Iranian health system but is recommended criterion validity of scale examine by using other scales.

The aim of this study was to design and assess the validity and reliability of the theory of reasoned action extended version questionnaire for drug abuse avoidance in Iranian male adolescents. Validity and reliability of a measure consisting of TRA and self efficacy construct for substance abuse avoidance was assessed by scientific methods. Cross-sectional data was collected via self-administered surveys from adolescents sample (n = 433). A questionnaire was designed based on two guidance for TRA/TPB developing. The instrument was validated using content validity and construct validity (Exploratory & confirmatory factor analysis). The reliability of scale was assess by inter consistency. The reliability coefficients were calculated by two different Cranach alpha and test-retest. Results of exploratory & confirmatory factor analysis showed that extended version of TRA model consisted of 29 questions and 4 components (attitude toward behavior، subjective norms، intention and self efficacy)، was a good fitness. Results showed the total test-retest reliability and internal consistency to be 0. 72 and 0. 85، respectively، too. The validity and reliability of the Persian extended version of TRA scale were suitable for use in future intervention.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an important parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical areas. There are many nidus in different areas of Iran, such as Khorasan Razavi Province The first step to control of each disease is to determine of risk factors. The aim of study was to study the different epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A cross- sectional study was done on persons that were introduced to laboratory to detecte leishmania spp in cutaneous wounds during winter to autumn in 2011- 2012. First, the data in each person was recorded in history form. Then, tissue smear was prepared from cutaneous wound and stained with giemsa methods, after that examined with light microscope with oel lenz. The data of one hunderd peitaint were analysed with statistical methods.: A total of one hundred patients,the frequency male and female were 58% and 42%, respectively (P>0.05). The highest frequency were observed in the age groups of 20-29 year old (34%) and 0-9 year old (24%) (P<0.05). The largest number of cutaneous leishmaniasis was reported in autumn (40%) and the lowest in spring (15%). Eighteen percent of pateints were directly contacted with dogs in house and housework. A total of 217 counted wounds, the majority of wounds were found in hand and face and minority in leg (P<0.05). The most pateint had one and two wounds and lowest paitent six wound. The diameter of the most wounds were 1-5 mm. The most patients, the wound was appeared less than 6 months before diagnosing. In the present study, The frequency of dried and wet wounds were 76% and 34%, respectively. Based on the results, the frequency of cutaneous of leishmaniasis was high in Mashhad area and need to more surveillance by public health authorities in order to control and prophylaxis of disease.