نشریه پژوهش های ادبی و بلاغی
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، تابستان 1393)

A literary critic first attempts to identify the characteristics of a text، and then to assess how well those characteristics serve the purpose of that text. The present research aimed at study of the effect of tone on the extent to which the authorial intent has been conveyed by Shahnameh through the use of tone. Given tone falls under the heading of language varieties، this research studied tone as a factor involved in language. Leo Spitzer believed that each word of a text reflects the way the writer felt about the subject، so one only have to identify what linguistic performance has made the use of a certain word inevitable. Therefore، tone، which represents the emotive color of language، somehow reflects the thoughts and attitude of the poet towards objective and subject issues. Given Shahnameh is among texts that are extremely influenced by a particular literary genre and intellectual trend، the factor of tone can both serve to reveal the intellectual background of the writer، and provide the reader with a key to atmosphere، language and social context of the text. The results of this research، thus، suggested that despite mythical-epic discourse is the dominant discourses in Shahnameh، the tones representing the emotional feelings of the narrator toward what is happening or being described in the story have been properly used when appropriate.

Mandala is an ancient pattern that isn҆t easy to understand. The emage of our human ancestors have inherited. Evolutionary sense and is inclusive. Jung dose its own symbll. The old paradigm of religion، psychology،and then entered in to the literature. Between Hindus and Buddhists in East Asia is a favorite. in images such as flowers، sun، clock، spout and…appears. Studying the unconscious poet of the old model can be realized and the evolution of the poet''s. In this paper، the poetry of the ancient mandala pattern Safarzadeh be reviewed.

The poetry of conditional era depends on society and polities. Political issues are so obvious in the poetry of this period that it cannot be ignored. Abolghasem Lahouti (1897-1956) is among those conditional poets whose poems are true Reflection of the Society and of the Political and social context. This issue received little attention، so the present study investigates political and social themes lyrics he reviewed.

The current article means to elaborate on “visual imagery in the works of blind poets” and discuss the formation of images in their mind and soul and their reflection in the poet’s works. In this study، interviews has been conducted with 9 of these poets who have had no visual experience and their responses have been analyzed. The results of these interviews reveal that a blind poet percieves the world via his/her other 4 basic senses، mixes it up with his imagination and instead of an images، imagination is formed which is reflected in his poetry. It is also obvious that the images or imaginations created by these poets have no distinctive difference with other poets، so no certain sign of discripancy can be detected in order to assert the blindness of the poet as such، unless through some signs and harbingers which are to be considered under different circumestances.

In terms of vocabulary، going means moving from a place to another place. But in Persian language; regarding the context of the sentence، it will have different meanings. This research examines different meanings of this verb in lyric poems of Hafez. For better description، it uses image schema theory within the domain of cognitive semantics. Except a few cases; in lyric poems of Hafez، the verb «go» is often applied in a meaning except physical movement from a place to another place. The subjective concepts expressed by the verb «go» include: dying، time pass، existing and suffering، falling in love، request for paramour، union، the being and accomplishment of a job، rejection and stability. The application of the verb «go» in each of the above- mentioned cases describe the views and thoughts of Hafez. Some cases can be indicated such as positive view towards the death phenomenon، addressing the quality of time pass، temporary being of difficulties، dynamic nature of love and irrevocability and the compulsion existing in it.

This article explains the importance of using quality-based rhyme structure and spirit of the mystical works of Persian literature. Given that rhyme for the language (Arabic) and not mix (Persian) to the attention of writers and their success in rhyme fundamental rules of Arabic origin، it is also noted. Persian rhyming prose based on the characteristics of Iranian authors found that the apparent differences between the Arabic and nose. Kanzolsalkyn and Kshfalasrar with the mystical works of literature Hamidi Maghamat and following Hamidi Maghamat will be examined below، the authors used the method of the rhyme and the balance will be explained based on the content of their thoughts. So the first part of the rhyming prose examples cited in the Gnostic texts، the study described in the second part، we give examples of literary style and rhythmic prose in the literary works to Know Better them.