نشریه فرهنگ و ادبیات عامه
پیاپی 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)

Human beliefs are important because they are considered as the primary capitals of folk literature. The significance of folk literature is due to the fact that it is the foundation of refined and cultured literature. The sociopolitical novel “Souvashoun”، which placed its author Simin Daneshvar with other great Iranian novelists due to its fame، is a combination of literary scholarship، collectivism and pluralism; proof of beliefs and elements in the folk literature mentioned in this work is not a shortcoming، rather it is a piece of evidence showing eloquence and rhetoric. Contemplating this work of literature، the present article come up with the pieces of evidence showing the manifestation of beliefs and folk literature elements، as well as such folk beliefs as totem، taboo، fetishism، animism، manna، noma and superstition، which are primarily described and defined. Then several instances of such beliefs are extracted from the text. Specifications and functions of the folk literature are noted، and the narrative literature’s status as well as Souvashoun and its position are explained. It is also proved that Souvashoun، apart from its pluralism، is free from many unpleasantnesses of its contemporary prose like immeasurable vulgarity، fanaticism and senseless modernisms.

The exact date of coffee into Iranian territory is not known, but what has come to us from literature, show the reign of Shah Abbas Safavid and especially, in coffee houses in big cities in Iran like Isfahan flourished. The coffee houses of Safavid has cultural practice that most public places and especially the artists and poets. Because the Safavid poets of the era, such as the Board did not know about the art of poetry, the place was not in court and the other party's growing middle class in this day and age class gathered in coffee houses, poetry and literature to suit Since literature and society are constantly being traded bilaterally with elements in coffee houses in poetry and art of the period of manifestation of this age is certain. Coffee, opium and opiates are the most important elements that have been visualized in the poetry of this age. The method is a cross-sectional study and tool researched biography of the Safavid court and some of the poets of this era.