فصلنامه سلامت اجتماعی و اعتیاد
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1393)

This article will help identify concepts cravings paid several patterns during 60 years (1948-2009) have been formed. The evidence gathered indicates that cravings (House) are necessary and appropriate structures for research, because it leads to destabilization of the patients who seek treatment for addiction. These models can be divided into four categories: conditioning patterns, cognitive patterns, patterns of biological psychology and motivational patterns. The patterns of conditioning, automatic and unconscious cravings in response to a stimulus are called. The cognitive patterns, cravings occur as a result of information processing systems. Patterns in biological psychology, cravings may be partly biological agents relying on the definition of motivational factors, finally, the motivational patterns, cravings, is part of a larger framework decision. It is clear that none of these patterns alone can explain the cravings are not comprehensive, this implies that a reliable understanding of these phenomena can be achieved only with full attention to this phenomenon. It is proposed revised definition of cravings.

Drug dependency known as vulnerability and important social issue in recent years in many societies. It seems that one of the factors influencing relapse of substance abuse is mental factors such as spiritual intelligence. King (2008) knows spiritual intelligence as a set of mental capacities that based on immaterial and spiritual aspects of life, such as self-understanding, widening thought and deep meaning. The purpose of this study is to compare the spiritual intelligence of addicts and non-addicts. For this purpose, in a causal-comparative study, from all drug addicts that referred to Khoramabad Clinic 100 non-addicted and 60 addict were selected by convince sampling. All subjects completed King`s Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire. Data analysis in paired variance by using SPSS-16. Results showed that spiritual intelligence in addicted and non-addicted subjects has significant difference (p<0/05). Based on these findings, addiction counselors in treatment and rehabilitation center scan be used to increase emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence to help addicts and their families.

The objective of this study is to identify the opium abuse history in Iran historic- analytic method is used in current study.The history of the exact time of poppy finding and opium usage is not clear.There is not any indication of hop or opium in Avesta. AboAliSina and Mohammad Zakaria Razi were two doctors who prescribed opium as medicine.Opium abuse has started from Safavie and has had an increasing process up to now. In spite of Republic Islamic of Iran fight against drug producing distribution and abuse dilemma is continue us.

The spread of drugs had countries to prevent the devastating effects of this international conventions which Include, the United Nations Convention on Drugs of 1961, the Convention on Combating Drugs Trafficking and the one wich was approved on Psychotropic Substances in 1988 by the United Nations that are accepted in Iran.Unlike consequences of other crimes that may affect some parts of the society, the harmful effects of drugs will engage the whole society from as far as economic, social and cultural society perspectives are concerned. Legislation systems have recognized the drugs as a crime to its damages. Therefore heavy punishments are taken into considerations for it. The study and comparison of these conventions and approved acts of drugs trafficking show that all of them have been trying to combat with drugs keep ex addicts return to their normal life. The criminal titles in the Conventions for the drugs include construction, manufacturing, distribution, transportation, export, etc. That with little change has been criminalized in reformative act of 1376 in Iran. The Study report of the conventions indicate that proposal sanction and punishment for drugs crime would not suffice drugs in Iran.For example in Iran the death penalty still exist in some circumstances while this punishment is not expressed clearly and the conventions suggested punishments like some fines, imprisonment and penalty of replace negative freedom.The main subject of this article is the level of conformity of criminalization drugs with international documents that in adjustment of the text and collection of resources was used of method of scripture analytical and library.

The case study is about the effectiveness of Drug Supply reduction in Iran during 2005-2010 (1384-89 in Iranian calendar), and its aim is to recognize and evaluate drug control organization's activities such as Law enforcement, Intelligence Ministry, Operational and Judicial forces and etc. in the period of 2005-2010. The method of this research is Documentary research method. The researcher Made new mixed indicators for trend study from 2005 (1384 in Iranian calendar) to 2010 (1389 in Iranian calendar). It was very useful and showed great results and outcomes related to the quality and the reality of Drug Supply reduction in Iran. The findings of this study indicated that The Drug Supply Reduction process in Islamic Republic of Iran is professional and this process affected the Drug consumption and Drug Trafficking in this country both in approach and performance domains.

Industrial drug abuse is one of the biggest problems in communities that are seen as a threat. The aim of this study was investigation of mental health of meth addicted referring to treatment centers. The method of current research in descriptive and 154 male meth addicted referring to the public and private addiction treatment centers in Sanandaj city were selected through available sampling method and responded to SCL-90-R. The gathered data were analyzed by SPSS-18. Results suggest that crystal addicted is in an unpleasant situation in all aspects of psychological disorders. Also The General Symptom Index (GSI) showed 5.84 percent of addicts have no psychological disorder, 14.93 percent with mild impairment, 21.42 percent with moderate impairment and 57.79 percent of the subjects had severe disorder. According to the results of current research it can be concluded that, crystal addicted are in a severe situation in psychological disorders and Interventions need to be taken in order to improve them in addiction treatment centers.

Drug abuse and its crimes is one of the biggest problems in all countries, including Iran. According to available statistics More than half of the prisoners in connection with drug Remain in jail As increasing numbers of addicts And various anomalies of Addiction In the Community Marker Lack of effectiveness of the preventive measures taken in the country. Accordingly, given the need to determine the most effective method of contraception Of crime and drug addiction in society, In this research by examining a variety of practical strategies for prevention Including faith-based substance abuse prevention, rule-based and community-based (Family-centered, prevention-oriented educational institutions, community-based), Relevant indicators based on the criteria specified, The questionnaire has been set to act. 76 persons and experts active The Committee on Prevention Coordinating Council member organizations that are struggling with drug Ardabil, How to complete the questionnaire and opinion In particular, the effect of preventing a variety of indicators, Prevention of drug addiction and crime have action. According to information obtained from the questionnaires, Practical strategies for the prevention of crime and drug addiction, Family-based prevention is the most effective prevention.