مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 93 (بهار 1394)

Head and neck tumors are a collection of tumors with different histopathology that originate from upper aero-digestive tract، skin، salivary glands، thyroid and parathyroid glands. It has been proven that various risk factors such as tobacco، alcohol and some viruses (HPV6 & HPV11) increase the prevalence and incidence of such tumors; and that’s why the frequency and prevalence of head and neck tumors vary in different areas، throughout the world. study was determining the relative frequency of these kinds of tumors and the respective risk factors. In a cross-sectional retrospective and descriptive study، data of patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of head and neck tumors، were extracted from their recorded files in Amir-Al-Momenin hospital and entered into SPSS V. 16 software; and using frequency tables and graphs the data were analyzed. In total، 558 patients with mean age of 54. 34±16. 37 years including 372 males (66. 7%) and 186females (33. 3%) were admitted with diagnosis of head and neck tumors، from 2001 to 2012 in this hospital. (74/7%) of the tumors were malignant. The most frequent tumor was Squamous Cell Carcinoma with 279 (50%) cases. The most frequent site of tumors was larynx with 195 (34/9%) cases. Having reviewed social habits of the patients; we found that (51/4%) were smoker; (21/5%) opium addict; (9. 7%) alcoholic; and (8. 6%) of them used hubble bubble. As revealed، (1. 6%) of patients had positive family history and (1. 6%) of them had history of another tumor in the past medical history. The most frequent chief complaint of all the patients referred to this center with head and neck tumor was hoarseness. Data of our samples were similar to those in some studies but different in some cases. Reason of such variations may be definition of samples and other biases in different studies، but the life style and different risk factors also may be responsible for these differences. So further comparative studies in other geographical regions are recommended.

Fish is one of the most significant protein resources for human nutrition which is highly appreciated because of having no pollutants. Heavy metals are among the pollutants causing many health problems for aquatics, and consequently humans. This study was done to determine lead and nickel concentrations in the muscle tissue of the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and consumed water in Guilan farms. Totally, 30 pieces of farmed Rainbow Trout and water samples from three farms in western part (Talesh), eastern part (Siahkal), and central part (Fouman) of Guilan were sampled randomly and transported to the laboratory of Health Faculty of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The levels of the heavy metals were measured by ICP-OES Spectro-Amitec and the results were analyzed by statistical software SPSS16 and Tuki Test. Safety Factor of this study was determined %95 (p=0.05) and T Test was used in order to compare with the standards. The level of Nickel in fish muscle tissue of Fouman farm was more than that in Talesh and Siahkal farms. The amount of Lead in fish muscle tissue of Siahkal farm was more than that in Talesh and Fouman farms. The average of Nickel level in fish muscle in Fouman, Talesh, and Siahkel was measured 1.29 ± 2.0491, 0. 445 ± 0.457, and 0.217± 0.086 (mg/kg), respectively. The average of Lead levels was measured 0.252 ± 0.221, 0.294 ± 0.095, and 0.485 ± 0.444 (mg/kg), respectively. No significant differences were observed (p>0.05). The amount of lead in farm water was reported zero; but the amount of nickel in farm water of Siahkal, Fouman, and Talesh was measured 0.032 ± 0.002, 0.027 ± 0.002, and 0.026 ± 0.005 (mg/l), respectively. The amount of Lead in fish muscle tissue was less than the world standard threshold of WHO, while the amount of Nickel in Talesh and Fouman farms was more than the established world standards; but no significant differences were observed (p>0.05).

Forensic age estimation is a specialty in forensic medicine that uses the most correct ways to estimate the unknown age and is involved with legislative or judicial functions. Because of special importance of age estimation, and involvement of various organs, we aim to investigate the causes of age estimation cases referred to forensic medicine organization of Guilan province, northern Iran This is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which all of the causes of requests for age estimation were evaluated by a checklist, during last five years (1378-1391). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software Ver 18. In this survey, 279 records were evaluated. The most referred cases for age estimation were in 2011 and the majority of clients were female (%62/4) and illiterate (%28/3). As revealed, %51/6 of cases were with no age estimation match. The method of age estimation used in the majority of them, was radiography (61.2%). Given the present findings, it seems better to perform further research into the best way for age estimation to be used as the standard across the nation.

Helicobacter pylori is the main reason of different gastrointestinal diseases. Studies have shown that the diversity of infection outcomes resulted from H. pylori may be associated with differences in genotypes or bacterial pathogenesis factors expression and also environmental and host factors in isolated H. pylori strains in patients with CagA and VacA. Thepurpose of this study is to determine the frequency of cagA gene in helicobacter pylori levels separated from patients suffering from lower gastrointestinal disorders. This study is a cross- sectional descriptive one, carried out on 127 patients referred to gasterointestinal clinic of Guilan Province, Gastrointestinal and Liver Research Center, in which the frequency of cagA gene in 50 separated helicobacter pylori cases was investigated using polymeras chain reaction (PCR). The used statistical test was Chai Square. Among the studied samples, in 50 cases bacteria were isolated by culture method. After performing PCR, the frequencies of cagA gene in strains from patients with mild antral gastritis, erosive gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer were equivalent to 85.7% 64.3%, 100% and 100%, respectively. There were significant differences in the association of this gene with isolated strains from patients with erosive gastritis (p<0.05), but the difference was not significant for the isolated strains from patients with mild antral gastritis, duodenal ulcer, and gastric ulcer. This study has shown that H. pylori cagA gene level was higher among patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcers.

Patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) have a constant preoccupation about some aspects of their appearance. Most people, including those with Body Dysmorphic Disorder cope with appearance -related thoughts and behaviors in a variety of defensive style use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and defensive style. This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 259 students of Guilan University. Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Questionnaire (BDMQ) and the defensive style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) were used for data collection. To examine the relationship between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and defensive style, we used Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. The correlation between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and developed defensive styles (p<0/05, r= -0/14) and non developed defensive styles (p<0/01, r= 0/27) was significant. Identification of patterns of poor defense styles related to BDD, can clarify the role of psychological factors in the emergence of BDD, and be helpful for specific interventions aimed at modifying and moderating the defensive styles.

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death in the world after cancer and heart attack. CA1 hippocampus is one of the most sensitive parts of the brain to ischemia and hypoxia. Antioxidants prevent cell damage consequent cell death by omitting free radicals and component resulted from cell damage. Evaluating the protective effect of atorvastatin on hippocampal CA1 cells following transient global ischemia in male rats. This experimental study was conducted on a total of 24 male adult NMRI rats weighing 250-300 g with average age of 8-10 weeks. They were randomly divided into four groups: control, sham, vehicle and treatment. To produce ischemia reperfusion model, common carotid artery in both sides were blocked for 20 minutes. First dose atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) in the treatment group was administrated after 6 hours following ischemia reperfusion, then 24, 48 and 72 hours intraperitoneal. After four days, all rats were killed, and the brain were dissected and processed for nissl histological staining. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests. In the present study, there was no significant difference in the number of pyramidal cell in CA1hippocampus between the treatment group and control group. But the number of healthy pyramidal cells in ischemia and vehicle groups decreased, and there was a statistically significant difference between them and control group (P<0.05). Present findings suggest that using atorvastatin 10mg/kg after transient ischemia reperfusion, can decrease severity of damage and cell death in CA1hippocampus cells.

The most common endocrine disorder associated with altered cellular metabolism is Diabetes mellitus (DM). Lamium album, also called white dead nettle, is shown to have antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging properties as well as improving fat metabolism. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of lamium album on serum level of glucose and lipid profile in sterptozotocin induced diabetic rats with known anti diabetic effects of utricadioica. In this experimental study, thirty two male wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups; normal control, diabetic control, diabetic receiving Urtica (100 mg/kg/daily), diabetic receiving dlamium(100 mg/kg/daily) for 28 days. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and LDL/HDL ratio were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 and one way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Hydroalchoholic extracts of Urticadioica and Lamium album caused significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum level of glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Compared to diabetic control group, both plant extracts significantly decreased serum cholesterol, LDL and LDL/HDL ratio and on the opposite direction remarkably increased serum HDL (p<0.05). However, serum TG in the diabetic rats treated with Urticadioica was lower than diabetic rats exposed to Lamium album extract (p<0.05). Administration of Urticadioica and Lamium album extracts to diabetic rats by their antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic properties might be effective in the prevention or management of diabetes.

Experimental models mimicking the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in humans are important for testing the novel therapeutic approaches in its treatment. Previous studies have shown that kisspeptin, a new neuropeptide can reduce the secretion of Aβ from the cultured cells. However, the involvement of kisspeptin13 in hippocampal dependent learning and memory processes has not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kisspeptin13 on cognitive functions in Streptozotocin -induced AD in male rats. Thirty two male Wistar rats weighing (20±200) gr were divided into 4 groups: control, STZ (3mg/kg, ICV), saline+ STZ, kp(2µg, ICV)+ STZ. For induction of AD, STZ(3mg/kg) was administered bilaterally into the lateral ventricles. All rats were tested for spatial learning and memory in the morris water maze task. The results showed that STZ significantly impaired both acquisition and retrieval of spatial memory (p<0.05). On the other hand, animals receiving pretreatment of Kp demonstrated significant decrease in time and distance to find the platform in the training and probe test (p=0.034). An icv injection of STZ resulted in a significant decline in spatial learning and memory and pre-treatment with kp can enhance spatial learning and memory. The results show that kpmight be a neuroprotective factor against AD in STZ- induced rat model.

Diclofenac is one of common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used for postoperative pain relief. There are some limitations to diclofenac usage. Finding alternative methods that are safe and effective is very important. Gabapantin is one of cheap, available, and low side effects in low dose drug that is considered as postoperative pain relief supplement. This study aimed to comparison of effect of low dose gabapentin and diclofenac for postoperative pain reduction after abdominal hysterectomy. A double blinded randomized trial conducted on 100 undergoing hysterectomy patients in Al-zahra hospital from 2013 to 2014. Patients were randomly assigned in two equal number groups. Patients in one of group received 300 mg gabapentin orally and placebo rectally patients in other group received placebo orally and 100 mg diclofenac rectally in 8 and 16 hours after hysterectomy. Pain was assessed using numeric rating scale (NRS) in 12 and 24 hours after surgery. Pethedine consumption and adverse effects over 24 hours after surgery were recorded. Mean of pain score in 12 hours after surgery were 4.10 ± 0.84 in gabapentin group and 3.94 ± 0.68 in declofenac group that this difference between two group was not significant (P = 0.228). Mean of pain score in 24 hours after surgery were 3.50 ± 0.86 and 3.44 ± 0.79 in gabapentin and declofenac groups, respectively, that this difference was not significant (P = 0.593). Only one patient in diclofenac group requested pethedine after intervention (P = 1.0). Over 24 hours after surgery there were no significant difference between two groups in term of incidence of nausea (P=0.241), vomiting (P = 1.0) and dizziness (P = 0.487). Based on result of this study gabapentin is as effective as declofenac on pain reduction after hysterectomy that can be a suitable replacement for diclofenac. Trial registration Number: IRCT2012111710089N2 Conflict of interest: non declared

There are possible variations in the form of internal iliac artery branches. Sufficient information about such variation is likely to be very useful for surgeons and radiologists. Case Report: A rare variation was observed in a routine dissection of a male cadaver in dissection room of the medical faculty. Internal Iliac artery was divided into anterior and posterior trunk. But lateral anterior trunk was divided into only umbilical, inferior vesical and obturator arteries. The other branches of anterior trunk were originated from posterior trunk. Synchronous variety in anterior and posterior trunk of internal iliac artery is rare and by considering this possibility, bleeding during surgery can be avoided.