Occurrence of cancer in a family involves every member in a way and puts a great deal of mental and financial pressure on them. In such situation، people adopt strategies in order to reduce the stress and pressure and consequently overcome them. In this regard، the present paper addresses the coping strategies the Parents of the Children with Cancer supported by Mahak Charity adopt. The present study has been carried out through a survey. 200 participants were chosen among 991 parents of the children with cancer through convenience sampling. Data was gathered through Lazarus coping strategies questionnaire and analyzed by using χ² tests. In the present study most of the children (127) were male and most of the watchers (143) were mothers. Findings illustrates that mothers of the children with cancer adopted confronting strategies more than fathers did. Educated parents of these children adopted confronting، avoid save، prevention-escape and responsibility strategies less commonly. Meanwhile، total scores of the educated parents were significantly lower than that of the uneducated ones. Parents who had a child other than the child with cancer، adopted more of wise strategy and less of continence strategy. Parents whose child was suffering from cancer for longer time adopted wise strategy more commonly. The results of this study demonstrate that parents of the children with cancer mostly adopt emotion-focused strategies. Constant mental pressure and exhaustion due to the child’s sickness along with financial issues could reduce the capability of the parents of these children and affect the effectiveness of the medical interventions. Adopting emotion-focused strategies could enhance such situations. Hence، designing and implementing studies on consultation-training and supportive interventions in favor of the watchers of such children could improve the quality of the services provided to them.

Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological disorder worldwide، affecting about 50 million people. Epilepsy is not just a clinical disorder but a social label. One of the most important problem impact people with epilepsy is related stigma of this condition. In the other hand health related life style is a factor in procedure of chronic illnesses. Continues and reinforcement of well-being and welfare، satisfaction، self–esteem and self-actualization are the effects of life healthy life style. The object of this study is investigating the relationship between social stigma and life style in people with epilepsy. Current study is a correlational survey (cross sectional) which investigates the relationship between social stigma and life style. Among all of people with epilepsy referred to Emam Hossein Epilepsy Clinic and Iranian Society Association، 123 patients were selected based on purposive sampling. Data were collected by demographic check list، epilepsy stigma scale and epilepsy life style subscale. The results of this study showed that there is no difference between men and women with epilepsy in the social stigma and life style. Also there is a meaningful relationship between social stigma and life style in people with epilepsy (p < 0/001). In a negative bivariate correlation we can found that effective interventions in reducing social stigma lead to increasing life style among men and women in epilepsy، and effective interventions in increasing lifestyle leads to reducing social stigma in these patients. Both reducing social stigma and increasing life style leads to improving their health related quality of life.

At present، theories play a role in all human sciences، including social work but، the social work theories have not been comprehensively compared and analyzed. This review investigates and compares the most important social work theories. Relevant electronic databases (Pub Med، Elsevier، Google Scholar، Critical Social Work، SID، SAGEPUB، CIVILICA and Science Direct) were systematically searched using Social Work and Theory Key Words and the specific names of theories. Then the documents were extracted that they had explained، compared or analyzed social work theories. Theories were compared and analyzed based on reason and date of development، goals، target population، social worker’s role، and method، duration and time concentration of intervention. Twenty-five social work theories were compared. According to the development process of the social work theories، three main waves for the individual social work، two waves for family social work and four waves for community social work have been introduced. Most of the social work theories have been presented in order to complete the previous theories and focused on present and insight- driven interventions. Moreover، they mostly have been paid attention to individual intervention and their environment. Global events such as world wars، social movements like feminism، globalization، technology advancement and internet had been very effective in changes of social work theories. In many cases، social workers attempt as advocators، enablers and programmers for social justice. It is predictable that global and international phenomenon will have enormous effect on the changes of social work theories in future.

Nowadays the people’s lives are so widely merged with the community they are parts of that turns social safety to one of the basic requirements of growth and self-efflorescence. The lack of social safety is a result of committing the crimes and misdemeanor in any community which -in a vicious cycle- can lead to more crimes. However، the attitude toward a behavior is of the main factors influencing doing or quitting it. The present paper addresses the relationship between social safety and the attitude toward a criminal behaviors in male high school students. The present study has been carried out through a quantitative survey and the sampling method has been cluster random sampling. It was carried out on 232 male high school students of Tehran education region 7. Chi-square and spearman tests were used to report the results of the present study. There were no significant relationship between the social safety and attitude toward criminal behaviors. But there were a significant relationship between police performance and negative attitude toward criminal behaviors. Not only were there a significant relationship between age participations and negative attitude toward criminal behaviors، but also there were a significant relationship between age participations and police performance. Finding no significant relationship between the social safety and attitude toward a criminal behaviors is in conflict with theories in this area. It seems conducting this research with other groups and resolving limitations of this enquiry is essential to study the relationship between social safety and attitude toward a criminal behaviors.

Environmental factors and acquired characteristics are involved in coping strategies were adopted by prisoners. The present study aimed at evaluating the relationship between Positive cognitive emotion and predicting the quality of Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in Julfa city. In this descriptive study 100 criminal prisoners based on convenience sampling method were participated. The Cloninger questionnaire (1994) and Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies Garnefski questionnaire (2001) were used in data Collecting. the correlation and regression analyzes were used in statsitival analysis by the SPSS18 software. Results showed that there is a significant correlation between the one component nature (Self- Directiveness، Cooperation) with Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and its components (Positive refocusing، refocusing on planning، positive reappraisal، acceptance، and some minor). Regression analysis revealed that Cooperation component can predict Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies prisoners better than the other components. in such a way that about 23% of the variance related to emotional adjustment can be explained. The findings of this study pointed to the complex nature of the offense، the understanding and conceptualisation of variables And Effective in the prevention of crime and the positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the basis of acquired characteristics detainees highlights.

Emotional intelligence is one kind of intelligence that considered important. The purpose of this study is to compare the emotional intelligence among adolescent girls in the family and foster care institution in Tehran. The causal comparative method was used. In this research the causal comparative method was used. The statistical sample of control group was 70 and study group was 46. The Bar-On questionnaire (1998) was used to assess emotional intelligence of adolescent girls. This questionnaire have normalized in Iran by Samooie et al. (1382) and include 5 scale and 15 subscales. The study and control group didn’t have significant differences in stress tolerance but in interpersonal، intrapersonal، happiness scales، girls who live in foster care institution get lower scores. There was also significant difference in subscale such as problem-solving، happiness، independent، assertiveness، optimism، empathy، interpersonal relationship and self-actualization. In this study total score of emotional intelligence was lower in girls who live in foster care institution in comparison with girls who live in family. Component of emotional intelligence can be promoted by training. So planning in this regard could help girls who live in foster care institution experiencing better quality of life.