نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 24 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1394)

The aim of the present research was to study the objective dimensions of security and the role of sport organizations in providing and developing security from the viewpoint of foreign sport tourists. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population (equal to the sample) consisted of foreign sport tourists participating in Fajr international sport event (n=394). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The reliability of the questionnaire was (α=0. 83). Binomial test (P=0. 001) in education of crisis management، fluency of event authorities in international languages and their competence in crisis management showed that sport authorities did not perform ideally form foreign sport tourists'' viewpoint. But the significance level and the ratio in binomial test showed that sport managers and tourism authorities performed ideally in these four parts: the public culture of security development (P=0. 074)، providing sport tourists with personal freedom (P=0. 575)، employing volunteers to develop security of sport tourists (P=0. 721)، hospitality and the public and authorities'' appropriate behavior towards sport tourists (P=0. 074) and familiarization of sport tourists with Iranian culture (P=0. 074).

Students are a large portion of the youth in the society and it is important to pay attention to their general health. The aim of this study was to explain the role of physical activity in social well-being of students in universities of Kermanshah city. This study was a descriptive-correlation conducted as a cross sectional study. Two questionnaires of Keyes''s Social Well-Being (1998) and Beack‘s Physical Activity (1982) were used for student of universities of Kermanshah in 2012. Reliability of the questionnaires was determined by Cronbach alpha coefficient as follows: Social Well-Being 0. 9 and Physical Activity 0. 8. The statistical population consisted of all students of the selected universities of Kermanshah city (N=39000) and the sample included 380 student who were selected by cluster random sampling method. 370 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics، t tests، Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Results showed a significant relationship between physical activity involvement and social well-being. Also، regression analysis results showed that leisure activities and sport indexes explained 51% of changes in the variance of social well-being.

This study examined the effect of service quality and satisfaction on customer loyalty in sport clubs of Tehran city. The study was descriptive-correlation which was conducted as a field study. The statistical population consisted of customers who attended bodybuilding، fitness and aerobics sport clubs for at least 6 months in Tehran. 5 districts (out of 22) of Tehran city were selected by cluster sampling method and 8 clubs were selected randomly from each district and 10 subjects were selected randomly from each club. Finally، 384 subjects were selected as the sample using Morgan table. 450 questionnaires were distributed and 417 acceptable questionnaires were returned. To collect data، a questionnaire from the doctoral dissertation of Yi-Chin Liu (2008) was used. For demographic analysis، descriptive statistics were used and inferential statistics including confirmatory factor analysis test، Kolmogorov-Smirnov test، Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used as well. Findings showed a positive significant relationship between service quality and satisfaction with customer loyalty. Satisfaction was a stronger predictor of customer loyalty than service quality.

The aim of this study was to investigate the problems of private sport clubs in Shahr-e-kord city. This study used a descriptive method and it was conducted as a survey. The statistical population and sample were all managers and owners of private sport clubs of Shahr-e-kord city (N=91). A questionnaire (21 items) which evaluated the problems of these sport clubs from different perspectives was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by 8 professors of sport management، and its reliability was calculated as 0. 91 by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. After questionnaire distribution، 80 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Results showed that problems and barriers of these clubs were divided into four categories: legal and lawful barriers، social and cultural barriers، managerial and ministerial barriers and economic barriers. The results of Freidman test showed that the most important problems of these clubs were high costs of establishment and construction of private sport facilities (4. 80)، lack of financial facilities such as loans (4. 50)، higher costs of private sport clubs than public ones (4. 36)، high costs of maintenance and repairs of sport facilities (4. 33)، and inconsistency of executive units and plurality of determinant organizations to issue club licenses (4. 14).

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial personality characteristics and small and medium-sized sport enterprises start-up (SMSEs). The methodology of this study was descriptive-correlation. Population consisted of small and medium-sized sport enterprises (N=1500) and their owners and/or managers were randomly selected as the sample (n=258). For data collection، entrepreneurial personality (α=0. 77) and SMSEs start-up (α=0. 81) questionnaires were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient، Spearman correlation coefficient، point biserial correlation، Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and regression analysis) were used to analyze data. The results showed a positive significant relationship between entrepreneurial personality and start-up of enterprises and except for tolerance of ambiguity، all other entrepreneurial personality dimensions had a significant relationship with SMSEs (P<0. 001). The regression results showed that entrepreneurial personality could predict about 20% of SMSEs variance. Also، there was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics (gender، age، marital status and education) and SMSEs (P>0. 05). The findings of this study emphasized the vital role of entrepreneurial personality characteristics in flourishing start-up of small and medium-sized sport enterprises.

This study aimed at identifying and prioritizing the barriers to participation of staff of public offices in Kerman province in physical activities. The statistical population consisted of all staff of public offices of Kerman province (N=23360 according to the annual statistics of offices in Kerman province in 2012). The sample size was 378 subjects using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. This study used an application method and was conducted as a survey. Data were collected by a researcher-made questioner of Sport Participating Barriers. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated as 0. 91. Firstly، the barriers to staff''s participation in sports were identified and then ranked using different models of decision making (MADM). As the above models did not agree in some cases، Kopland integration technique was used to reach a consensus. Results showed that three main barriers to staff''s participation in physical activities were lack of various favorite sports in organizations، lack of sports facilities in public offices of Kerman province and lack of proper planning for staff''s physical activities respectively.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout among Iran football league referees. In this descriptive-correlation study، 122 referees and assistant referees of Iran football leagues in season 2012-2013 participated voluntarily. Organizational Commitment Scale (Allen and Meyer، 1991) and Maslach and Jackson Burnout Inventory (1981) were used to collect data. The results revealed a significant and negative relationship between organizational commitment and job burnout، that is to say those referees who gained high organizational commitment scores had low job burnout. Also، the emotional exhaustion was the only eligible predictor of organizational commitment. The causal relationship between job burnout and organizational commitment showed the significant negative effect of job burnout on organizational commitment of referees. Since the job burnout reduced organizational commitment، it is recommended to identify and reduce causes of job burnout in order to prevent the decrease of organizational commitment and ultimately job performance.

Given the increasing importance of entrepreneurship and its important role in students’ employment، this study was conducted to examine the effect of Emotional Intelligence on students'' entrepreneurial intentions. A model was developed and was tested among undergraduate students of Physical Education faculty of Tehran University. The model was tested by Using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Based on the findings of this research، Emotional intelligence dimensions have positive effects on entrepreneurial intentions. Since Emotional intelligence can be educated، so it can be an important factor in the development of students'' entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurship.

The present study aimed to compare academic performance and self-concept of physical education and sport sciences course between conventional and distance educational systems. The statistical population included all physical education undergraduate students at Ardabil state universities in 2012-2013 academic years (N=234). Using stratified random sampling method، 100 students were selected and answered the questionnaires. Data were collected by Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire as well as four researcher-made questionnaires for academic performance. The data were analyzed via SPSS18 and descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed a significant difference between conventional and distance educational systems in physical education academic performance in theoretical courses and the academic performance of the conventional system in theoretical courses was higher than that in distance educational system. There was no significant difference in academic performance of practical courses between the two systems. The scores of practical courses were higher in distance system than conventional system. There was no significant difference between academic self-concept and diploma grade point average of both groups.

The aim of this study was to validate and localize Lawson’s (2002) knowledge management and Winand et al. (2009) performance models and to determine their effects and relationships in Iran sports federations. This study was a descriptive-correlation research. The population included presidents، vice presidents، general secretaries، committee managers and experts in all sports federations of Iran. The sample consisted of 300 subjects who were selected with stratified and purpose sampling method. To collect data، Lawson’s (2002) KM Questionnaire and Winand et al. (2009) Performance questionnaire were used. For data analysis، Pearson correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling were applied. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of KM questionnaire was 0. 93 and performance questionnaire was 0. 85. Results showed that the model of the relationship between KM and performance had a good fit index (P=0. 036، RMSEA=0. 037، GFI=0. 97). The results indicated that KM and its dimensions had a significant and positive effect on the performance of sports federations. KM was able to predict 55% of performance variation. Sports federations can use the results of the present study to understand KM practices better and to measure performance level.