فصلنامه ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی
سال چهارم شماره 14 (پاییز 1393)

Innovative work behavior is considered as an important outcome in adapting organization to environmental conditions and using opportunities. In spite of importance of this construct, there are a few research in order to investigate and measure this construct in organization context. In this study some psychometric properties of Messmann, G., & Mulder (2012), one of the recent innovative work behavior model, is investigated. After translation of some 30 items of innovative work behavior, the final form of the questionnaire and individual innovative work behavior plus convergent thinking scale were implemented to 250 manager and personnel of the Mellat Bank of Iran. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 main factors of Opportunity exploration, Idea generation, Idea promotion, Idea realization, and Reflection. This result is consistent with developers findings of this construct; Alfa coefficients of all factors were higher than 0.81. This results implied that acceptable range of questionnaire; relationship of work innovative behavior subscales with each other were between 0.43 to 0.61 resulted in convergent validity of the construct. Also, correlation of the target subscales with convergent thinking and individual innovative behavior scales was positive and significant. This results, also, showed convergent validity of questionnaire. The results of this study can be effective instrument for researchers and employees to better cognition of innovative work behavior and measuring it.

Many researchers consider teaching philosophy to children as one of the main tools for fostering critical and creative thinking skills among them. The current research aims to survey the role of teaching philosophy to children on their creativity and its components among the fifth grade primary school boy students in five schools in Tehran. The authors used post-test method with control group. To this purpose some 100 students (4 classes) were selected among fifth grade primary school students. The students were taught during 13 sessions for 45 minutes (1 session in a week) by Sharp Lipman community of inquiry and Phillip Cam thinking stories, then the Torrance tests of creative thinking were executed. The results of MANOVA indicate effects on components fluidity and flexibility and total score of creativity and showed no effect on originality and expandability of the students. By teaching philosophy to children, we can increase their creativity.

Globalization is one of the key concepts which, in recent decades, has received much attention among scholars and policy makers, to the extent that this concept can be called one of the most popular and most used concepts in the humanities. With the rapid and increasing growth of technical know-how, technology and consumer markets, there would be no room for using the past and established experiences and solutions. Past experiences and solutions are no longer useful for current and future problems of organizations. This research reviewed the strategies of entrepreneurship in arts and cultural institutions in the era of globalization. It is functional in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection (research plan) it is heuristic mixed. In the qualitative step, the case study approach was applied for data collection, and in the quantitative step, the data collection was done by survey description method. The population consisted of academic experts and experts in the field of art and culture, executives, experts in cultural and arts institutions and cultural entrepreneurs. In the qualitative step, using purposive sampling, samples were taken to saturation level. After interviewing some 14 experts, data was reached to saturation. In quantitative step, judgmental purposive sampling was used, which is considered as non-probability sampling methods. Statistical population size of executives, professionals and entrepreneurs in the arts and culture sector was about 400 people which after having been put in the Cochran formula, some 250 samples were obtained. Some 275 questionnaires and counting a ten-percent greater than selected sample size were distributed.Findings / The information obtained from interviews and questionnaires helped to develop basic values, cultural business missions as well as finding inner and outer factors. Using the SWOT and QSMP matrix, strategies to entrepreneurship in arts and culture institutions in the era of globalization were designed.

This study investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback training on creativity among primary school students in Tehran. Some 60 students with an average IQ between 90 – 119 were chosen, using available method. All the students were assessed by equated Quantitative Electro Encephalograph (QEEG), and The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), then they were equated according to the gained grades and placed into two groups. One of the group was chosen as experimental accidentally and the other as control. In this experimental study, students received neurofeedback for 20 sessions while control group received no experiment. At the end of the experiment all the students of both groups were reassessed by Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Findings/ The neurofeedback group had meaningful change in creativity. Creativity was defined by the four most readily agreed upon divergent thinking abilities: (a) fluency (the ability to generate numerous ideas), (b) flexibility (the ability to see a given problem from multiple perspectives), (c) originality (the ability to come up with new and unique ideas) and (d) Elaboration (making details). Neurofeedback training can be used for increasing the levels of creativity in students.

From a theoretical perspective, creativity has been defined as the production or generation of novel and valuable ideas, products, or processes by an individual or group. Creativity is a function of available time and is negatively related to time pressure experienced.

This research was conducted to determine the relation between perceived control of time, tenacity, preference for disorganization with creativity of students at the Tabriz University.

Some 240 students from Tabriz University were selected by random cluster sampling method. Data was gathered through Torrance tests of creative thinking and Time management attitude and motivational aspects scale. Data was analyzed by AMOS software and with path analysis.

The results showed that creativity was predicted directly by perceived control of time (β=0/22) and preference for disorganization (β= -0/18). In addition, results showed although direct effects of the tenacity on creativity were not significant, but it had indirect effect on creativity by perceived control of time (β= -0/09).

The results suggest that perceived control of time and preference for organization may be necessary for the effective exploitation of creative ideas.

Learning and creativity are important elements of a country’s development. Learning capability and creativity instruction provides a possibility for authorities to suggest strategies to increase students’ creativity and learning. This research examined the effects of the William’s education of creativity model on students’ learning and creativity. This research is applied type, due to the nature, goals and hypothesis and is placed among of quasi-experimental designs. Statistical population of this research were all students of high school of the Rey city, south of Tehran. Cluster sampling method was used to select samples. The researchers worked with two groups of first grade students at the Imam Khomieni high school. In this research, William’s education creativity model was used as an independent variable and traditional teaching method was used in order to study the effects of independent variable on learning and creativity. Researcher-made learning test and Torrance creativity test were used in pretest and posttest as research tools. Descriptive and inferential statistic for analysis of data and SPSS for statistical calculation were used. The results of research showed that William’s education of creativity model was more effective than traditional methods in learning and creativity. So this model can be considered as an effective strategy to increase students’ creativity and learning rate. Research results were in line with many internal and external investigations. Finally, some recommendations were given to use this model in face-to-face and electronic learning environments and also establishing some workshops for teachers’ familiarizing with this model were given.

Organizational Effectiveness has been defined as achieving organizational objectives, the degree of closing to expected goals and achieving short-term and long-term goals with respect to beneficent expectations, evaluations and organizational life stages. Organizational effectiveness is one of the most important features of leading organizations that has a significant relationship with the inter-organizational components such as performance, creativity and employee’s talent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity with the organizational effectiveness of high schools in Sanandaj. Research Method was descriptive and correlation. The population of the study, some 869 people, were all secondary school teachers in Sanandaj in 2013-2014. A sample of 250 people with multi-stages cluster sampling method was determined by Cochran formula. The data collection tools used were emotional intelligence and organizational effectiveness questionnaires and creativity test. The results of the analysis data demonstrate a significant relationship between self consciousness, social skills and self motivation as part of emotional intelligence and the whole components of creativity with organizational effectiveness of schools. Regression analysis results showed that the variables of teachers and fluidity and are flexibility in the highest and lowest correlation with the organizational effectiveness of schools. Multiple regression results also showed that teacher’s emotional intelligence and their creativity explained parley 0.565% of organizational effectiveness variance. It is claimed that the most significant result of this study is strengthening of the teachers intelligence and creativity, improving the organizational effectiveness of schools.