مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی
سال دهم شماره 6 (1393)

. Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. Exercise therapy is often advised but it requires a significant time commitment، can rely on equipment or health professionals and risks low compliance. As an alternative or adjunct، shoes with a curved sole profile are thought to produce beneficial changes in ankle، knee، and hip and back position and posture. Therefore، the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the effect of rollover footwear and McKenzie extension exercise on pain، disability and lumbar posture in people with sub acute Low back pain. In this quasi-experimental study 20 people (age: 32. 15±10. 45 years) with LBP that decreased with extension movements، after signing informed consent، were assigned to a rollover footwear and McKenzie extension exercise group (n=10) or a McKenzie extension exercise only group (n=10). Baseline and post intervention measures were pain (visual analog pain scale)، disability (Oswestry LBP disability) and lumbar posture when standing (via 7 -camera Qualisys motion capture system. Participants in the rollover footwear and McKenzie extension exercise group had significantly greater decreases (58/9 %) in pain compared to the McKenzie extension exercise group (P=0. 04). Disability reduction، comparison between two groups did not show statistical significance (P>0. 05). The radius of lumbar curve was not significantly (P>0. 05) and there was no significant difference in the change in the radius of lumbar curve between two groups (P>0. 05). This result suggests that the rollover footwear could be part of a treatment protocol for greater reduction in pain level in patients with low back pain.

Cerebral palsy is the most common chronic physical disability and neurological complication in childhood. Active cooperation of parents in child rehabilitation programs، will facilitate the child''s motor development. The present study was to determine the effectiveness of family centered occupational therapy program on motor skills development in children with spastic cerebral palsy are discussed. In this semi-experimental study 20 children aged 5–7 years، with spastic cerebral palsy، who were independent ambulators، were recruited. Children were randomly assigned into a control group (n=10)، experimental group (n=10). In addition to routine rehabilitation، the experimental group received 30 sessions of family based occupational therapy program. Motor skills was tested by Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). The data collected were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. Results show that the experimental group participated in the intervention program، compared with the control group، not only statistically significant difference has been shown (P=0/001)، but the effect size (ηP2=0/62) demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention on motor skills in children with cerebral palsy. Family centered occupational therapy program beside routine rehabilitation programs can be important role in improving and developing of motor skills cerebral palsy children.

results of researches on acoustic and motor aspects of speech of persons who stutter have shown that the perceptually fluent speech of stutterers differs from the speech of nonstutterers. One of these encoding and processing aspects of speech that measured in different studies is vowel formant transition features. Because variations in formant structure along the temporal and frequency domains reflect articulatory dynamics especially of the tongue، in study of motor speech ability of persons who stutter، this feature can be used. The purpose of this study is to compare the formant transition duration in fluent speech of those who stutter and those who do not. In this descriptive-analytic study، 20 PWS and 20 normal counterparts، were asked to read 9 speech samples that insert in a carrier phrase. The responses were recorded and the duration were measured in milisecond by Praat software. The results of the study showed that the average of formant transiotion duration in PWS was lower than that of normal subjects however this difference did not reach statistical significance. according to the result of this study motor speech processing in PWS is different with normal subject and the speed of articulator movement in PWS is faster than PWNS.

care of cerebral palsy children take a lot of the mother''s time and energy، this problem causes mothers to not allocate enough time for their other daily activities، consequently in this research time use for mothers of cerebral palsy children is considered. case-control method is selected in this research and done at Isfahan City، there are 30 participation in the mothers of healthy children group and in the mothers of cerebral palsy children group there are 30 people too. Necessary data for this research is gathered by using the use of mother''s time questionnaire and demographic questionnaire. Mann-Whitney، Independent T test are also used for date analysis in SPSS16. statistical analysis has shown meaning full differences in caring of children; so that cerebral palsy children''s mothers spend more time on child''s affairs and also in satisfaction of time management skill، meaning full differences was obtained and healthy children''s mothers have more satisfaction than those mothers. according to the obtained information of this research، cerebral palsy children''s mothers spend more time on their children. In conclusion they spend less time on other activities such as taking care of themselves، sleeping or resting، and this matter causes less satisfaction of time spending among mothers.

Low back pain is one of the most important problem that exists worldwide. About 80 to 90% of low back pains are acute. Herniated disc between L4-L5 vertebrae and disc rupture are the main reasons for this type of low back pain. Treatment for this type of back pain is stretching the spine with traction table. Traction table helps low back pain treatment by increasing the height of discs and putting distance between facet joints. In this study، 3D model of the lumbar spine of a 31-year-old and 83 kg female was made by using CT scan images and MIMICS10. 01 software. This model was imported in Abaqus6. 11 software for analysis. In this software، materials properties of spine segments were modeled and traction table loading was applied to the model. Then results were compared with previous experimental studies. The goal of this study was presented a method to evaluated the traction table effect on spine and this method presented by 3D modeling and using finite element method. After loading was applied in Abaqus software، the displacement of discs between L4-L5 and L3-L4 vertebrae was obtained 2. 59 mm and 1. 81mm، respectively. The results were validated by comparing with previous experimental studies، in which discs displacement were analyzed by using MRI and CT scan images before and after traction. Traction table is effective on discs displacement and reducing the back pain.

Individuals with mental retardation due to a wrong attitude that exists among the people usually are inactive. Inactivity and taking the wrong position can cause thoracic kyphosis abnormality consequently، reducing the balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week corrective exercise training program on amount of thoracic kyphosis and balance in individuals with mental disability. In this quasi-experimental study، 30 mentally retarded adolescents with increased thoracic kyphosis were randomly assigned into experimental or control groups (15 in each group). The control group was asked to continue their routine life as usual، while subjects in experimental group underwent a 6-week corrective exercise program. Before and after the exercise program، the amount of thoracic kyphosis، dynamic and static balance were measured by flexible ruler، the heel to toe walking test and foot scan system for 25 seconds، respectively. Data were analyzed using independent t-test (p≥0. 05). Our results showed that corrective exercise program decreased the amount of thoracic kyphosis (p=0. 001) and improved the static (p=0. 001) and dynamic balance (p=0. 001) in experimental group. There were no significant changes in the control group. According to the results، corrective exercises can be reduced the degree of thoracic kyphosis and improve both dynamic and static balance abilities in mentally retarded individuals. These results suggest the need of physical activity and exercises for mentally retarded adolescents.

Having an intellectually disabled child imposes many physical، mental، and social problems on family and involves them in vulnerability. Carrying out appropriate interventions for improving the knowledge and creating favorable attitude can greatly support these families and give them the better life quality. This study has been carried out with the aim of determining the effect of group training on the knowledge and attitudes of caregivers of intellectually disabled children. This study is a randomized controlled intervention study which was conducted in Narges rehabilitation center of Miyaneh in 2013. 64 caregivers with intellectually disabled children aged 6-18 years were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. 6 sessions of training classes were held for intervention group، but the control group didn`t receive any intervention. In both groups، at the beginning and end of the study، data were collected based on researcher-made questionnaires of the knowledge and attitude. Data were analyzed through SPSS21 and by using of paired t-test، independent t-test and chi-square. There was no significant statistical difference between the average of the caregiver`s knowledge، attitude and behavior in both groups، before intervention. The results showed that، 1. 5 months after conducting the intervention، the increase in the rate of caregiver`s knowledge and attitude in intervention group before intervention (8. 542. 80، 62. 296. 51) and after intervention (72. 573. 76، 14. 501. 86) was significant (p<0. 05). Group training for the caregivers of intellectually disabled children leads to increase their knowledge and attitude. Taking into consideration the increase of caregiver’s knowledge، perception and attitude، will help him/her in the care of specialized and efficient.

Because of the effect of person، task and environment on the postural control of children with Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy (HCP)، different clinical and laboratory methods have been designed for postural control evaluation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between clinical and laboratory tests of mobility and balance in children with HCP. In this correlational study، twenty eight children with HCP by average age of 10. 09 (±2. 34) years were selected by simple non-probability sampling method. Timed Up and Go (TUG)، Functional Reach (FR) and Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) and mean velocity، path length، total phase plane، area parameters of center of pressure fluctuations in 3 levels of postural difficulty (quiet standing on rigid surface with open and closed eyes and foam with closed eyes) and two levels of cognitive difficulty (with and without cognitive task) recorded by force plate were used as clinical and laboratory assessments respectively. Among three postural tasks، the only in standing on foam with closed eyes was seen the significantly moderate to very high correlation between the all center of pressure sway measures and TUG، FR and BOTMP tests. The cognitive task in standing on foam surface condition cause to increase correlation between clinical and laboratory measures. The proper correlation was obtained between functional balance and mobility tests and center of pressure sway parameters in standing on foam surface with closed eyes condition.

Previous studies on mental representation of numbers have shown an interaction between numbers and space. This representation is called mental number line with small numbers in left and big numbers in right. It is affected by writing direction. The aim of this study was to investigate number-space interaction and its nature considering the characteristics of Persian writing system. In the first experiment 30 undergraduate students volunteered to complete two symbolic and non-symbolic Posner’s attentional tasks. In second experiment 37 new students completed the symbolic task and their ERPs were recorded meanwhile. Data were analyzed by repeated-ANOVAs. There was no interaction between magnitude and side (F=0. 437، p=0. 51). The main effect of magnitude was significant (F=5. 21، p=0. 03). Dot detection after small numbers were responded faster (468±13 ms) than bigger numbers (475±14). Response times for symbolic quantities (464±13) were faster than non-symbolic quantities (479±14) (F=5. 12، p=0. 03). Similarly، in the second experiment، main effect of magnitude was significant (F=9. 612، p=0. 005). No main effect or interaction for latency of P300 was significant. Behavioral results showed the size effect. However no interaction of magnitude by side (SNARC effect) was seen. In other words magnitude did not shift the mental attention to left or right. Behavioral findings were not verified by ERP results. In summary، affected by Persian writing system، there was no interaction between numbers and space contrary to other languages except Hebrew. In addition، this study indicated that the source of this variation is not at perceptual level and it should be investigated at other levels.