نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 62، تابستان 1394)

National Symbols are factors for consolidation of unity and identity and play important roles in induction of revolution`s values and goals. Particularly, each country`s national anthem that is a selection of beautiful and pity words is a factor for creating the sense of pride and patriotism and unity in a society. With the occurrence of revolutions, national symbols like national anthem have undergone some changes and their meaning will be in accordance with the revolution`s values and goals. Iran`s national anthem also changed twice due to the effect of Islamic revolution and its values. The findings of present research that has been done with documentary studies approach shows that meaning and values originated from Islamic ideology like Emam (Leader), Martyrs, Islamic republuic of Iran, Independence, Freedom in Islamic republic of Iran`s second national anthem are manifestations of Islamic revolution and its values and goals. This is an association of patriotic and Islamic values, that has been taken in to consideration for fruitfulness of islamic revolution in struggles, that by listening to it, the sense of attachment to religion, country and revolutionary values has been stimulated and causes to strengthen islamic identity and national unity.

Identity and identity crisis have been under consideration in Iran's different historical periods. In recent years, whenever discussing about Iranian identity, it seems that there are an encounter between Iranians religious identity and historical identity that isnot rooted in historical events.This research conducted by the aim of survey on the circumstance of acceptance of Islam by Iranian and its effect on their linguistic and religious identity, as Iranian national identity components. The research major question is: how Iranian identity elements (especially religion) changes define by resistance identity theoretical framework, in first and second Hejry decades? Research theoretical model is a composing of notions of Giddens’s structuration theory, Castells’s resistance identity theory and Ahmadi’s historical sociology theory, and using them in the survey on the Iranian social movement's identity behavior, in the first and second Hejry decades.The research results show that the Iranian's identity changes, had been not happened under Arab's imposition or compulsion, after Iranians and Sassanid's government defeat. Iranian's identity changes had been done under a long process under a determinant and fundamental choice by Iranians, in oppose and resistance, against Arab governor's compulsions. By this research belief, Iranian's Shia identity and new Persian language, is result of Iranian's noble and wise election.

Hiding sacrifice identity is a social effort to conceal being a veteran and/or his/her relative. The study aimed at investigating the rate of hiding sacrifice identity of martyrs between all Staff and faculty members of Mazandaran University in 1391/2012 and its reason from their views. On the basis of social conformity theory and applying a researcher- made questionnaire, the data were collected. The research results revealed that on average about 66% of the survey society conceal their sacrifice identity. Over 70% of the subjects indicated that the social situations for revealing sacrifice identity were inappropriate. They believed the social exigent factors affected on the hiding. From the society's viewpoint, a set of different factors make the hiding sacrifice identity. These can be classified as religious and social factors.

One of the basic requirements of any government is to protect the security under the sovereignty over geographic space. Nowadays, after transition from government's traditional challenges, we are facing with a new challenge; an organized phenomenon that endanger safety of society in the areas out of the government's control. This new challenge is called "holes in the state". Actors, at different levels, create these holes within the competitions and conflicts, in different social, economic, political and cultural areas, deepen and expand it. And finally they leave particular spatial effects behind these holes.The purpose of this research is to scrutinize the mechanisms governing the actors that use cybernetics in different levels and cyberspace and how this space affects holes in the state.This research is based on descriptive- analytic method and try to proof the hypothesis “The role of cybernetic factors in emergence of political and cultural holes" by case study and through underlying and analysis the relations between cyberspace and holes in the State.

The present study investigates Persian language and literature as an aspect of national identity. Our data which is officially published by the Sanjesh Organization includes the results of the university entrance exam over the past three years and is being contently/qualitatively analyzed by the given statistics. The statistic population is based on the statistic sample and the average number of students accepted in 2012, 2013 and 2014, a total number of 1719457 individuals. Query here is the relationship between linguistic and literary knowledge of these students and the major for which they have been accepted and its effect on the society’s national identity. The results of this research show an inverse relation between the two variables. Candidates with high abilities have chosen majors with the least relation to Persian language and literature and vise versa. Thus, over a long period of time, the vicious cycle has been formed here which is likely to show its effects on Persian language leading to a weak national-linguistic basis, near future. We hereby propose a serious demand for national planning in order for us to prevent the vicious effects.

The foundation of any society is rooted in its culture and values. So, in order to undermine any society it is sufficient to undermine its culture and especially its political culture. The growth of satellite networks in recent years, attracting significantly larger audeiences not just in Iran’s metropolitan cities, but also in smaller cities and towns throughout the country is noticeable. The study was designed and conducted with a population sample survey of 400 people in the city of Kerman. The regression analysis shows that the effect of the independent variable on the six dependent variables, namely political culture, political participation, political confidence, degree of religiousness/ spirituality, political knowledge (political survey), and length of time spent watching satellite TV, affect the variance of dependent variables, with the most influential factors affecting the variance being "political participation" and "political confidence" of the people of the city of Kerman.

This paper examines the relationship between cyber space and various aspects of national identity formation of youth in Hamadan. Methodology of the survey is kind of calibration and the form of likert scale was used for evaluation of the main variable (using the Internet) and dependent variable (national identity) from questionnaire. Coronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of range. The study sample consisted of all 15 to 29 years old-Hamadan youth. The sample size is 400 people and sampling method is Multi-stage cluster. Datas are described and analyzed by using inferential statistical techniques, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients (DMF) and regression analysis using spss statistical software. Statistical analysis of data shows a significant relationship with leveling (0.00) and negative relationship with (159/0-) between Internet using and attitudes to the national identity among the youth. The variable in the regression analysis also showed that the use of the Internet as a whole, with the beta coefficient (432/0-) is impressive on the national identity.

Social cohesion has been considered as a factor playing role in development process in the developing countries, and specifically the Middle East Courtries including Iran. Urbanization is an inevitable process in developing countries. Urbanization has nearly tripled in the past 80 years in Iran. But this growth has been uneven and without proper cultural - social infrastructures.This study is attempted to explore the barriers to community cohesion to urban development. We used of the secondary analysis in this article. This method is invoked to handle the quantitative methods based on available evidence and research findings. Objectives of the research are designed based on the analysis of the current situation and social cohesion indicators used to measure the development of Arak Metroplitan.The results showed that due to the lack of proper social cohesion, Arak urban development process is not balanced and equilibrium.Finally, the researcher has provided solutions based on the theoretical framework and findings to strengthen social cohesion in Arak.