نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 33 (پاییز 1393)

Unhappy marital relationship is often the result of negative communicational patterns. One approach to the study of marital communication is the explanation of couple’s communication patterns through the search for mechanisms of the formation of these patterns. The purpose of this study was to predict marital communication patterns by health spiritual and psychological well-being. For this purpose، in a descriptive study، 361 elementary female teacher were selected randomly from schools in Karaj. They were then chosen in cluster random sampling and were tested in terms of the communicational patterns، spiritual health and psychological well-being. Multiple regression analyzes indicated that there is a significant difference between the spiritual health، psychological wellbeing and couple’s communication patterns. It also became clear that the spiritual health and psychological well-being have the power to anticipate the positive and significant difference of mutual constructive communicational pattern. Spiritual health and psychological well-being have a significant and negative anticipating power for avoidant communicational patterns of avoidance and expectancy/withdrawal. It Seems couple’s awareness of the impact of their spiritual health and psychological well-being can increase mutual constructive communication and is effective in reducing inefficient communication between couples.

The occurrence of risky behaviors in four major areas of substance abuse, depression, suicide, high risk sexual relationship and aggression has become one of the most important concerns of human societies among adolescents and young people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of spiritual well-being and coping strategies in risky behaviors of adolescence. So, during a descriptive study, 278 patients (142 males and 136 females) of high school students were selected in Karaj city, using multi-stage cluster random sampling and they were investigated in terms of taking a risk, coping strategies, and spiritual well-being. The correlation coefficient of scores indicated that there is a significant negative correlation between the religious and existence well-being dimensions and each seven components of risky behaviors. Dimensions of self-control, problem solving wise, positive re -estimation and seeking social support had a significant negative correlation with all the seven components of risky behaviors in substance use. While this relationship is positive for confronting coping styles dimensions and avoidance. Escape / avoidance component with friendship with the opposite sex, relationships and sexual behavior in risky behaviors is positively correlated and taking responsibility is negatively correlated with dangerous driving component. It seems that the target is to place the spiritual growth and effective coping as a protective factors against stress, reducing mental health problems and behavioral problems which can help young people and the community.

Many studies have shown neuropsychological deficiency in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Due to executive functions as the main core of these capabilities, its role in normal operation is very important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on executive functions in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder in war. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and a control group, 29 patients with PTSD war in Kermanshah province were selected through available sampling. They were assigned randomly into two groups of experiment (n = 15) and control (n = 14). During the 25-session an intervention was implemented for the experimental group. The control group did not receive any intervention based on neuro-feedback. The participants were tested both at the beginning and the end of the study in terms of the severity of the symptoms of PTSD, and executive functions. Analysis of covariance indicated that after the intervention, the function of experimental group had improved in terms of post-traumatic stress symptoms, executive functioning such as dropping behind and working memory. It seems neuro-feedback based intervention is effective on improvement of the syndrome and executive functioning in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

A satisfied and successful marriage requires the stability and compatibility of couples. Marital adjustment has different dimensions, which are influenced by various factors. The state of the structural power in the family has an important role in marital satisfaction. Whenever the spouses are unable to agree on the distribution of power, the marital adjustment will be affected. The present study aims to predict marital adjustment through triangulation and structural power in a family. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 220 married female teachers were selected randomly from elementary schools of Karaj. Regression analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between the structural power and triangulation with marital adjustment. According to the findings, we can say that the formation of structural power in a family and the inability of couples to resolve marital conflict with the formation of triangulation have an important role in marital adjustment.

Adolescence, is a critical period which is always associated with the process of identity formation. Part of this growth process is seeking danger which is shown in the shape of unhealthy sexual behavior, alcohol, tobacco and other items. Personality characteristics and parenting styles in the critical period of adolescence can provide a context for an orientation to addiction. The purpose of this study was to present a model to predict the adolescent’s orientation to addiction based on personality characteristics and parenting style. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 500 boys and girls high school students were randomly selected from Qazvin city. They were tested in terms of orientation towards addiction, five major factors of personality and parenting style. Results of regression analysis indicated that there is a significant difference among the mental-neuroticism, openness to experience, having conscientiousness and parenting styles (Permissive, autocratic, authoritative) with the attitude of students in relation to addiction. Considering the obtained model, with increased scores in these variables, the odds of a positive attitude to substance use will increase. It seems that personality traits and parenting styles have a significant difference with attitudes towards addiction in male and female students. They can be effective in preventing orientation towards addiction.

The Meta-cognitive model is based on the assumption that obsessive thoughts are the result of negative interpretation of Meta-cognitive beliefs in relation to meaning or dangerous consequences of a particular thought or opinion. The distortion on meta-cognitive belief is effective on meanings and function of cognition. The present study aims to investigate the role of mediator variables such as taking responsibility and intersection of thoughts in relation between metacognitive beliefs and obsessive symptoms in non-clinical populations. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 333 students (151 male and 182 female) were selected using multistage cluster random sampling. They were tested in terms of metacognitive beliefs, responsibility attitude, taking responsibility, intersection of thoughts, obsessive-compulsive ideas. Path analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that metacognitive beliefs positively predict taking responsibility, the intersection of ideas and thoughts and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Also, there is an independent, significant difference between metacognitive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research finding support the mediator variables of taking responsibility and intersection of thoughts on the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. So, we can say that metacognitive beliefs can better explain the obsessive symptoms through taking responsibility and intersection of thoughts.

One of the most important factors in mortality in the world is coronary heart disease. This disease also has several risk factors, one of these is psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of psychological factors in coronary heart disease which was mediated by blood lipids. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 343 women and men who referred to Tehran Heart Center and Fajr hospital were selected from available samples. They were then tested in terms of depression, anxiety, stress, perceived support, anger expression, aggression, personality type, blood lipid levels. The severity of coronary artery disease was measured by coronary angiography. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that blood lipid meditated the relationship between psychological factors and coronary heart disease. Psychological factors have an effect on the severity of coronary heart disease and part of the influence is exerted by blood lipids. Hence, it is suggested that it should be paid attention to psychological factors and blood lipids of coronary heart disease in prevention and treatment programs.

In the past decades, mindfulness has attracted the attention of many researchers, and different instruments for measuring these structures have been created which has not yet been assessed in terms of the psychometric properties and cross-cultural perspective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire in the Iranian society. For this purpose, 335 students were selected from available sampling and were analyzed with the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire, multidimensional avoidance of experience and the quality of life questionnaire of the World Health Organization. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire in the Iranian population has six dimensions and shows satisfactory internal consistency (81/0 to 93/0). The total score of mindfulness has significant correlation with the total score of avoidance from experience and some of its factors (behavioral avoidance, delaying activity, and an aversion of mental distress). The results are convergent with the validity and reliability of the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire. Accordingly, the five dimensional mindfulness questionnaire can be used for the evaluation and assessment of mindfulness in an Iranian society.