نشریه مطالعات معرفتی در دانشگاه اسلامی
پیاپی 61 (زمستان 1393)

This article is compiled to explain the necessity and estate of evolution in humanities, on one hand, and the description of some considerable points in the arena of execution as well as some of the main methodological and content pathologies in the field, on the other hand. A descriptive-analytical method is applied in this study. Regarding the issue that the present humanities is a product imported from west and itself is mainly resulted from the recent four centuries of Western civilization, it is required to study the principles of humanities in west through accurate and deep knowledge and awareness. Besides, it is necessary to design and organize an indigenous model for the field by an efficient recognition of our own indigenous culture. One of the major steps in this process is to determine the most important and basic subjects in humanities and explain these concepts relying on the principles of Islamic thinking and religious knowledge. Regarding the basic evolution in humanities, the main pathologies of the field must be considered. Among them, three can be pointed out: 1. functionalism rather than realism, 2. limiting research method to empirical method, and 3. being superficial rather than individual judgment. One of the areas requiring attention and evolution to exit cultural alienation and self-forgetfulness is humanities and, to put it more accurately, its philosophical principles. Philosophical principles - on which Western humanities are based - are in conflict with and opposition to the culture and principles of Islamic thinking. The same issue states the necessity of the evolution. On the other hand, there are critical differences between the two. Among them, the followings can generally be pointed out: 1. differences in view and how human is viewed; 2. relativism; 3. being experience-stricken; 4. being wisdom-stricken; and 5. ignoring other resources of knowledge.

The aim of the present study is to explain the following issues: 1) The relation between self-knowledge (Marefate- nafs) and religious science 2) The ratio between human science, God science and the world, and 3) the advantage of religious science in comparison with current(secular) science. The research method is qualitative research using comparative analysis process. The results of the present research Shows that: 1) The study of self-knowledge is necessary for developing human sciences, 2) Using religious concepts is necessary to develop theories in the field of religious sciences, and 3) the Advantage of religious sciences is the ability in "passing from surface to the depth". The author of the article conclude Modification and combination approaches are not able to lead to religious sciences; so only a new scientific philosophy may be effective in generation of religious sciences technologies.

This short piece of writing intends to elucidate the pre-suppositions of technology and aims at investigating and studying the principles and pre-suppositions of technology from the view point of Islamic religion. The pre-suppositions in this research are arranged in three philosophical, moral and psychological types. Religious critics of each of them are developed in this article. The method of the research is fundamental and analytical descriptive. Data collection is library method and data analysis is based on documentary analysis. The author of the research concludes among pre-suppositions of technology; some pre-suppositions are in accordance with religion and some are not and most of them are none religion ones enemies.

The present research sought on the problem of the Islam's synthetic - acquisition in the Islamic encyclopedia. The writers board of Islam encyclopedia in entrances atmosphere of Islam literature, try to prove that the origin of all Islam precepts one a copious transcription from Judaism & Christianity. They express that Islam not only have not any real commandments, but also the all materials are false & imitations. The method in this article is based on analysis of discourse in many aspects of the Islam encyclopedia; In the reference to it and explain it, and also, eventuality, analysis it. The Hebraic orient lists say from “syncretistic-Islam” so, at first, try to show the weakness and entrusts, in the Islam, then at second, they write that root of Islam is a “coypus-collections” from Jewish literature. The pro “the syncretistic Islam” in Islam's encyclopedia cl a- roots of Islam have originated from Jewish religion. b- The Islam's prophet (Mohammad) {P.B.U.H.} has made a “collection” from none divine literature. c- (Mohammad) {P.B.U.H.} with his supreme reason (as talented man) has made A “constellation" from accepted precepts, morality, etc. (Mohammad) {P.B.U.H.} do not have any innovation; all writings are belong to Jewish religion. The western orientalists say that text of “Koran” is a “new transform” but its content is originated in torah & bible (new & old testament).

The aim of the article is to study the effect of technology on human nature among all types of effect s that technology causes in human being life. Achievements in industrial society of human being are surrounded by the influence of technology. In other words technology has been converted from a tool determinate of human identity and as a result we are confronting with a weakening process of divine nature of human being. Technical system includes a set of unavoidable cultures and values which cause extension of culture of materialism and negligence of the self consciousness and domination of material aspects in humans. The method of the present article is based on analytical methods. The results of the present survey indicate industrialization of environment of human being results in weaknesses of divine nature of man. The authors of the research conclude in order to avoid the development of such crisis; there is a need for a change in human being views on the topics like technology based on islamic ideology.

Studying Nasir al-Din Al-Tusi's point of view about the relationship between soul and body and its influence on ethical training of human is important because he believes that soul and body are contrasted, and the relation between the soul and body is accidental; not substantial. Here in this research paper the authors studied the subject upon a descriptive and analytic method. Nassir al-Din Al-Tusi admits that there is some reciprocating influence of the body on resaving ethical virtues and of the soul on controlling body's faculties. He believes that the influence of soul on body happens through something named "Rohe Bokhari". "Rohe Bokhari" comes from a mixture of four-fold humours in the body. This mixture is the main Source of animalism and truculence of human. He believes that there are two kinds of virtues; one is natural and the other is adventitious. He acknowledges that the manner in which the four humors come to be mixture identifies the kind of virtues within "Rohe Bokhari" through which the basis of obtaining virtues would be prepared. It should be noted that there are several stages for ethical training of human. In the first stage the control on natural morality would be obtained through temperance of the temperament the four humors. In the second stage the soul must pay attention to the purpose and significance of the ethical training. Because the soul would be actualized through whatever it pays attention to. The third stage is the application of the will to control body's faculties. It would be obtained through imagination, recognizing the benefits, creating a strong passion, and the control of soul on the body's faculties. The Fourth stage is the repetition and practice in the acquisition of virtues and vices leave.

This article seeks to explain the theory that moral knowledge and motivation depends on religion; despite the independent nature of religion. Also this article seeks to introduce servitude and obedience of god as an important principle to the dependence of morality to religion. This article is descriptive, analytical and attributive. The results of the research indicate that Morality is neither a part of the religion of Islam nor contradictory to it and each of Morality and religion has a separate identity nor there is a relationship between them. The author of the survey concludes servitude is not only a mean to be kept aside from prohibited acts but also is effective in achieving moral values.