Journal of Sport Sciences and Health Research
Volume:7 Issue: 14, 2015

In this study 84 women aged between 22-45 participated as a sample. Subjects collected on purposive bases and used to have signs of neck pain and they were gathered from Tehran Payamenoor University. Subject divided in to 4 groups of corrective exercise، postural re-education، combined and control (each group 21). Pain severity was identified using VAS. Results indicated that neck pain was reduced significantly in post-test phase in both corrective exercise and combined groups (p<0/05). However there was no significant change in the scale of pain in re-education group alone (p=0/10). Hence the scale of pain in control group was increase significantly (p=0/002). There was no significant difference in the pain variable in pre-test phase among the 4 groups. However there was such a difference in post-test phase among them. Using the follow up test، it was revealed that there was a significant between corrective exercise group with postural re-education group and control group، and between postural re-education group with combined and control group; and between combined and control group (p<0/05). While، there was no significant difference between corrective exercise group and combined group (p>0/05). On the basis of this finding، it can be concluded that 8 weeks corrective exercise and combined protocol (corrective exercise along with postural re-education) could be effective in reducing the scale of pain among computer user women at the age of 22-45. This study emphasis in the effect of combined protocol (corrective exercise along with postural re-education).

The purpose of this study was the examination of the spinal deformities in children with sensory impairment. 16 blind children (9 girls، 7 boys) and 30 deaf children (14 girls، 16 boys) participated as the sample groups in Ardabil city. 60 healthy children (30 girls and 30 boys) also participated as the control group. Spinal mouse was used for the assessment of lordosis، scoliosis and kyphosis. One-Way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test was used to compare groups by using SPSS (16 version) software. Data analyze showed that there were no significant difference among groups in kyphosis rate (p=0/345)، lordosis (p=0/204) and lumbar scoliosis (p=0/185). The thoracic scoliosis (p=0/002) showed significant difference among the groups. According to the findings of the present study، sensory impairment (especially Blindness) has relationship with postural problems. Therefore، early screening and then exercise training programs appears to be essential to improve their physical condition.

Balance is a complex motor skill that describes body posture dynamic in preventing to fall. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of functional balance tests (static، semi-dynamic and dynamic) in ectomorph women aged youth (24-34 years old). 25 female ectomorph with the average and standard deviation age of 26. 00±1. 51 yrs، height of 166. 9±1. 14 cm and weight of 46. 99±3. 27 kg، participated in this study. Functional balance tests were assessed while Heath-Carter approach applied to determine the participant somatotype. All the functional balance tests are used for each individual three times within 72 hours. Data distribution normalization are evaluated by means of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test، while ICC was used for assessing the reliability at a significance level of 0. 05. To assess static balance، BESS in stable level with a leg upward and tandem positions، BESS in unstable level with a leg upward position، Stork، Angle in stable level in dominant leg opened eyes، and undominant leg with opened and closed eyes; and semi-dynamic balance، Star excursion and dynamic balance tests، Timed to Get Up and Go tets that have attained a very good reliability level (ICC>0. 80)، are recommended. The reliability of the BESS static balance test in paired foot and tandem positions، Romberg، Angle in stable level with the dominant leg and opened eyes; Angle in unstable level with indominant leg and closed eyes; and Tandem walking dynamic balance test that are used in this study with ectomorph body type has not been confirmed، so we can say that the reliability of these tests is affected by individual’s body type.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common knee injuries among the youth. With regard to selecting different strategies during pain، the aim of present study was to answer this answer that how the unilateral patellofemoral pain affects the force distribution between the feet and center of pressure center sway. For this purpose، 12 women with unilateral PFPS and 12 women with no pain in their lower extremity participated in this study. Parameters such as SDAP، SDML mean sway velocity، COP path length، sway limits، length of minor axis، length of major axis، force and symmetry index (SI) were evaluated. The findings demonstrated that PFPS affected force symmetry distribution on both feet during quiet stance in those subjects with PFPS and consequently the most effect in postural sway of these participants were observed in medial-lateral direction (19. 12±21. 64). In COP Parameters، only COP path length indicated no significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 4). An increase in the imposed force on the healthy foot in participants with unilateral PFPS for a long time can cause uncompensated sever injuries to their healthy foot. Therefore، in addition to reinforcement plans of mechanisms involved in balance، special attention should be paid to healthy foot in those with unilateral PFPS in rehabilitation programs.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of a rehabilitation program with progressive intensity on the dynamic growth of lower extremity strength in the elderly with osteoarthritis after total knee arthroplasty. For this purpose، 30 elderly subjects who the same physician operated on their knees with a technique similar to total knee arthroplasty were studied in two training groups (each group 15 subjects). The training regimen of one group was typical physical training for knee arthroplasty. But in the other group، the intensity of training increased periodically. ANOVA results showed a significant progress of lower extremity strength in both groups. But the results of strength test showed that the group with intensity performed 25% better than the other group (P=0. 016). These results indicated that the dynamic growth of lower extremity strength may stop if gradual increase of training intensities is disregard in the elderly after knee arthroplasty.

Aging causes changes in the function of those physiological systems involved in body balance which is accompanied by imbalance. Therefore، it is important to perform training which leads to maintenance and improvement of balance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 12 weeks of functional training and different periods of detraining on neuromuscular performance and dynamic balance in healthy elderly men. 30 elderly men (mean age: 71±3. 22 yr، height: 168±7. 2 cm and weight: 66. 8±6. 6 kg) voluntarily participated in this study and randomly divided into experimental and control groups after they achieved a proper score in Berg balance scale. Experimental group performed functional training (12 weeks، 3 sessions per week and 75 minutes per session) and control group continued their daily activities. Before and after 12 weeks of training and after four، six and eight weeks of detraining، time up and go (TUG) test was conducted to assess dynamic balance. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and one-way ANOVA showed that neuromuscular performance significantly improved in functional training group after the training (P≤0. 05). Also، there was a significant difference between the posttest and six and eight weeks of detraining in this group (P≤0. 05). The results showed that functional training had a significant effect on neuromuscular performance in elderly men through focusing on reinforcement of strength، endurance، flexibility and balance. Also، the obtained adaptabilities persisted after four weeks of detraining. Therefore، this new low-cost model of training which improves and maintains efficiency can be useful for the elderlies.

The aim of this study was to compare scapulohumeral rhythm between students with kyphosis and healthy students and between dominant and non-dominant hands in kyphosis students. 25 male healthy students and 25 male students of Arak University with kyphosis were selected by purposive sampling method. The angle of kyphosis and scapulohumeral rhythm were measured by spinal mouse and goniometry respectively. Independent t test was used to analyze the data (P<0. 05). The results showed a significant difference in motion of scapula، scapula rotation angle، range of humeral abduction and scapulohumeral rhythm between the two groups (P<0. 05). No Significant difference was observed in scapulohumeral rhythm between dominant and non-dominant hands in students with kyphosis (P<0. 05). The results showed that kyphosis can disturb scapulahumeral rhythm. In addition، kyphosis has the same effect on scapulahumeral rhythm in dominant and non-dominant hands. Therefore، it is recommended that students should correct kyphosis and strengthen shoulder girdle muscles based on corrective training protocols.

The current study aimed at investigating the efficiency of visual، vestibular and somatic sensory systems in postural control of deaf athletes and non-athletes. For this purpose، 30 adolescents aged between 15 and 20 with congenital severe deafness were assigned to athlete and non-athlete groups (mean age 18. 08+1. 17 yr، height 173. 04+6. 82 cm and weight 59. 41+7. 47 kg) by purposive sampling method. A Biodex stabilometer was used to measure the postural control of the subjects in four different sensory conditions to find out the shares of visual، vestibular and somatic systems and the efficiency of each sensory system was calculated by Nashner formula. The SPSS version 18، descriptive statistics and independent t test were used to analyze data (α≤0. 05). The results revealed that the efficiency of all sensory systems involved in postural control of deaf athletes was significantly better than deaf non-athletes. The most efficient sensory system involved in postural control was the somatic system in both groups and visual and vestibular systems occupied the next places respectively. It seems that better lower extremity strength and musculoskeletal control in athletes may result in their better balance. Furthermore، the negative effect of the lack of vestibular data in staring process can influence the reduced efficiency of visual system in postural control of deaf subjects. The results of this study can be used to design rehabilitation plans for deaf subjects which show that those musculoskeletal training which improves somatic sensory system may have a greater effect on the balance improvement in the deaf so it is suggested that such training should receive more attention in sport and rehabilitation plans of the deaf.

Balance plays a key role in daily and sports activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fatigue induced by exhaustive exercises on dynamic balance and balance recovery time in active men with genu varum and normal knee. 40 active healthy male students including 20 subjects with genu varum deformity and 20 normal subjects participated in this semi-experimental study. Genu varum deformity was assessed with a caliper and a goniometer. Strand test was used to create fatigue. SPSS software and statistical tests of analysis of combined variance within-between groups، t test and paired t test were used to analyze data. The results of the mean dynamic balance index by paired t test showed that this index increased significantly in the posttest and pretest comparison in both groups (P=0. 00). However، independent t test showed that the mean of these changes was not significantly different between the groups (P=0. 56). The dynamic balance index in both groups was fully recovered 10 minutes after fatigue. Medial displacement of the gravity line could increase the lateral posture sways in subjects with genu varum and since this deformity causes internal rotation of the leg and pronation of the subtalar joint in weight-bearing condition، leg structure changes can change leg function to control balance.

Recent efforts have been made to specify the proprioceptive quantity using the results of subordinate measurements including measuring postural stability and sway. As the structure of the human foot is a factor affecting motor performance، the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of musculoskeletal abnormalities of pes planus، pes cavus and hallux valgus on postural sways during quiet stance. 48 female students (mean age of 24. 11±2. 64 yr، height 158. 53±5. 92 cm and weight 55. 79±7. 94 kg) took part in this study. The area and velocity of postural sways were measured using FDM-S Foot pressing force device. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis at significance level of 0. 05. Statistical results showed a significant difference between pes cavus and normal foot (control) groups، between hallux valgus and normal foot (control) groups، between pes cavus and pes planus groups and between hallux valgus and pes planus groups (P<0. 05). The findings showed no significant differences between pes planus and normal foot (P>0. 05). The results of this study showed that the various foot structures influence postural sway factors. Classification of foot types and rate of deformity in both clinical and research areas is very important and should receive attention. Also، sport coaches and clinical experts should be aware of these findings in order to design and apply sport and rehabilitation programs.