مجله علوم و فنون دریایی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1394)

In the current study, the effects of different levels of probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum in the diet of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer on body composition, serum biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and albumin) and liver enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were investigated. This experiment was carried out with three treatments and a control group for a period of four weeks. The treatments were included 0, 1×106, 2×106, 3×106 colony forming unit (CFU) gram probiotic in each gram of basic diet. Fish with an average weight of 50.26 ±0.89 grams were randomly distributed in tanks and in each tank stocked 20 pieces of fish. Feeding was done twice a day. The obtained results indicated that the use of different levels of probiotic in diet of Asian sea bass had no significant effects on serum biochemical parameters and liver enzymes. The different levels of probiotic did not affect protein, ash and moisture values between the treatments and the control group (P> 0.05). Moreover, fat value in the fish T2 and T3 was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the fish control and T1. Also, nitrogen free extract (NFE) value varied significantly (P < 0/05) between the control and the fish T3. Overall, this study indicated that this probiotic had no significant effect on some blood biochemical parameters and liver enzyme, but at the high level can positively influence on body composition of Asian sea bass.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of bio diversity and density of brown algae in coast of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf during warm and cold seasons. The most and lowest density of brown algae was in the spring (33±20Number in m2) and in autumn(17± 9Number in m2) respectively. The highest density was belonged to species of Cystoserria myrica with(41±25)and it was dominant species among the six species of brown algae were sampled. The most of Margalef index(0/438) was observe at the mid, and mid litoral zone. The maximum value of the Shannon index(0/94) was belonged to the low, mid litoral zone. Most of species richness and dominance was revealed at autumn and highest indices of Shannon(0/76) was at spring. Brown algae in the spring had the most density (33±20/86 Number in m2). Species richness was detected the highest and lowest in Nuclear power Plant and Ganaveh stations in two seasons respectively. Higher levels of dominance and low diversity was in within the tidal zone.

Regarding the importance and selection of phytoplankton culturing for feeding marine zooplankton and fishes, under simple and practical conditions, two species of an unicellular green alga, Dunaliella sp. (isolated from Iran) and D.bardawil-UTEX 2538, were cultured and their growth characteristics were studied under different environmental light intensities (50µE and 150µE) and salt concentrations (0.1,0.5,1,1.5, 2 and 3M NaCl).Dunaliella sp. was different from D.bardawil because of having the longer logarithmic growth phase, higher number of cells (19×106 cells.ml-1) in 0.1M and 0.5M at light intensities of 150µE and 50µE respectively, higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, bigger size of cells (307.16±87.95µm3) and higher dry weight at 0.5M on 8th day from the beginning of experiment under 150µE, than those in D.bardawil. Protein content from the cells increased in both strains on 8th day but the maximum amount was belonged to D.bardawil under 150µE. The highest specific growth rate (SGR) and the lowest doubling time (DT) were seen under 50µE at 0.1 M and 0.5 M (Iranin species and D.bardawil, respectively) and under 150µE in 0.5M (Iranian species) and 1M and 1.5M (D.bardawil). The highest SGR and the lowest DT of D.bardawil was at 50µE and for Dunaliella sp. was at 150µE (both at 0.5M). Increasing in light intensity from 50 µE to150µE, caused decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and conversely increase in protein content (also the highest amount of fresh weight on 8thday) in most of the samples. Overall, Iranian species at lower salt concentrations showed better growth and higher efficiency.

Heavy metals in high concentrations in the environment, is caused serious damage in metabolic, physiologic and structural organisms. Cadmium as the second most toxic metal in marine environments is considered. Bivalvia especially oysters are Suitable bioindicators due to its high filtration rates, immobility and lack of regulatory systems for removing of heavy metals. Crassostrea sp. is new species has wide distribution in Bandar Emam Khomeini. This species is the best for using toxicity testing to determine the effects of heavy metal pollutants in the environment. The aim this study is determination of Medium Lethal Concentration (LC5096h), Maximum Allowable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) of Cadmium in Crassostrea sp. oyster. Fifty oysters (5.3±0.76 gr) were collected from Bandar Emam Khomaini and transported to laboratory. After Acclimatization (for 7 days), the 96-h LC50 tests were conducted (static Method) according to standard instruction O.E.C.D. The 96 h LC50, NOEC and LOEC were 15.8, 1.58 and 2.9 mg/l respectively. The LC50 correlation whit in 24 h and 96 h were showed Linear equation y=-0.4225x+54.35.

Mollusks are remarkably appropriate as a bio-indicator due to their wide geographical distribution, high abundance in benthic environments, selective absorption of certain ions and their motionless nature. Chiton, a mollusk of the phylum of Polyplacophora, and of its lamyi species is abundant in Chabahar Bay coastal rocks. Based on previous studies, this animal can be introduced as a potential indicator of Ecosystem Health; hence Chiton was chosen to be investigated rate of accumulation of metals, Cd, Cu, As and Hg in Chabahar Bay. After sampling four major stations, the samples were prepared and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption apparatus were used for measurement of mercury and graphite furnace method was used for measuring other metals. Then, using the obtained data, bioaccumulation factor was calculated for each metal separately in the maximum amount of cadmium bioaccumulation factor at station 4 (Great sea) (136.34±0.02) and the lowest mercury at station 2 (Coast of Maritime University) (1.88±0.02), respectively. After statistical analysis of the results, it was found that Chiton can be introduced as a bio-indicator of the mentioned contaminants in the coast of Chabahar Bay.

This study was conducted in order to bioaccumulation of heavy metals Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in shell and muscle of white shrimp native species of Khouzestan Province in summer and winter of 2013, 80 samples were collected from station of Bahrekan in coast of Hendijan, West-North of Persian Gulf. Then Biometry and preparation of shell and muscle samples, metals were extracted using acid digestion method and concentration of heavy metals was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results showed that in shell and summer total of metals were higher than muscle and winter season and was significant relationships between them (P≤0.05). The maximum concentration of Zn in shell and two season summer and winter observed (44.61± 1.67 and 16.33±1.37 mg/kg dry weigh) and the minimum concentration of Cd (0.1±0.004 and 0.001±0.0001 mg/kg dry weigh) was determinate. There was a significant relationship between water and shrimp for accumulation of heavy metals in two seasons (P≤0.05). Results showed accumulation of Cd was higher than the NHMRC and the INSO standard.

In order to study of karun-arvand geochemistry and investigation of probably anomalies especially in Persian Gulf, distribution of physicochemical factors, major elements and some of anion in 33 collected sample with used titration and flame photometer method has been determined. Attended data showed that lowest and highest frequency of T.D.S and Total Hardness in Ize-Baghmalek (355/66 and 239 ppm) and Abadan (2867/5 and 825 ppm), respectively. PH not showed significant change in entire river length. The mean annual frequencies of elements are: Cl=507.92 > Na=324.72 > S=323.3 > Ca=122.86 > K=3.75. Investigation of environmental factors confirms that climate condition and geology, especially in central and southern areas have the important role in increasing T.D.S, Total Hardness, Na, Ca and S. Human activities, especially the sewage of soap production factory can be most important effective factor in increasing Chloride concentration in Khoramshahr-Abadan section. The high correlation coefficient (>/9) of alkali elements with total hardness, shows carbonate regime of the Karun-Arvand on many sections. Probably, it arises from the of lime-evaporation bed of river. Despite the high affinity alkali elements such as Na and K to P, correlation coefficient between Na and K with P2O5 was -0/51 and -0/47, respectively. High correlation coefficient between Na and Cl, confirms same origin for these elements. High concentration of SO4 and T.D.S in river liman can be affects growth pattern of plants and communities aquatic in this area. Also, high frequency of sodium, can be created tissue disruptions in some fish species especially in west coastlines. Finally, high frequency of calcium, increases native plants resistance against celimate anomalies.

Cartilaginous fishes were used urea for osmoregulation of their internal fluids. There are several studies on osmoregulation of sharks but investigate the role of reproduction season and body lenght on the concentration of osmolytes is necessary. In this investigation, 36 individual of Brown banded Bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium punctatum) in both autumn (before reproduction) and spring (period of reproduction) seasons were caught from Moussa Creek located at the northern of Persian Gulf. After weighing, biometry, sex determination and the numbering of sharks. Electrolyte analyzer and auto analyzer were used to measuring electrolyte and urea concentration. The results showed that blood osmolytes of sharks in the male and female sex were no significant differences (P>0/05). But, there was a significant difference between the concentrations of these substances in the autumn and spring season (P

In the present study Cd concentration was measured in sediment and muscle and liver tissues of Platycephalus indicus fish from vicinity of petrochemical industries and Bihad and Jafari estuary. 30 fish samples and 9 sediment samples were collected from each site by Ahwaz fishery center. After digestion samples according to MOOPAM 1999 instruction, were analyzed by ICP-OES. Mean of Cd concentrations were significantly higher in sediments and liver tissue of fish collected from exposed site compared to reference site (P

This applied research has been conducted to evaluate the competitiveness of port services using exploratory factor analysis and importance- performance analysis methods. First, by literature review, 53 indicators of competitiveness of port services has been identified, then exploratory factor analysis was used to ensure the effectiveness of the identified indicators. Based on the obtained results from 53 identified indicators, in the factor analysis, only 27 of indicator have loadings on the eight factors of Logistics Cost, Connectivity, Port facility, Port Service and Availability, Safety and security, Efficiency and Productivity, Reliability, Hinterland condition. The results of the importance and performance analysis showed that among of eight factors, respectively efficiency and productivity factor has the highest and Hinterland condition has the lowest the difference between the performance average from importance average. And also the Position of each factor in the quarters of the importance and performance matrix indicates that other than the second factor (Connectivity) and fifth factor (Safety and Security) all other factors located in a quarter one.