فصلنامه پژوهش های ارتباطی
پیاپی 81 (بهار 1394)

The present research aims to explore expert's understandings of methods for institutionalizing public sports in Sports TV Channel. The motive for carrying out the study was the role of television as one of the most effective mass media in shaping individual's attitude and behavior, and as the main source of sociability among individuals, facilitating institutionalization of public sports and therefore, enhancing people's health and safety. This qualitative research was carried out through deep interview with a number of experts, and the findings indicate that paying attention to family exercises, introducing sports and exercises as a value, promoting local sports, monitoring and making officials stand accountable, consistent message-sending, cooperating with other responsible institutions in developing public sports, introducing athletic examples, presenting benefits and pleasant functions of sports, warning against improper behaviors, highlighting women sports and introducing easy and less costly sports are among the most significant methods for institutionalizing public sports by Sports TV channel.

Today, identity as the most important aspect of human nature has seen its meaning transformed under the influence of postmodernist relativism, and hence, has affected women status and their identity. Television, also, shapes our thought on fundamental social issues at various degrees. Employing postmodernist signs, the present article tries to study the way gender identity is represented in the two Iranian series "Zamaneh" and "Tekyeh Bar Bad". The article draws upon Stewart Hall's Representation Theory and constructionism to examine the issue. The two most widely watched series in the year 1391 (Iranian Calendar), i.e. "Zamaneh" and " Tekyeh Bar Bad " were selected and analyzed. An eclectic model of semiotics was employed in this research. Findings indicate that in these two series, feminine representations imply both traditional and modern attributes and roles. These series offer a sort of negative representation regarding the formation of postmodernist identity.

The recent decade has witnessed a rise in the western media, particularly European and American televisions, of Iran and Iranians image due to increased tensions between the Islamic republic and the West. In the represented image of Iran in these media, one single representational strategy or attribute is extremely obvious, i.e. stereotyping. The present article attempts to offer an answer to the question that how Iran is represented in Western televisions. To answer the question, 15 documentary programs broadcast on these televisions were selected and analyzed through semiotics. The findings indicate that from 2002 onwards, Western televisions have frequently used 10 stereotypes about Iran and represented the country with a special focus on these stereotypes.

This study draws upon Iranian soccer player's views to examine the role of television in promoting ethics in football (Iranian Premier League and Series 1). This survey-based descriptive research included all individuals experiencing either Iranian premier league or series 1. Samples were consisted of 384 individuals who were selected through simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. Its validity was verified by 12 media experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha.The findings indicate that according to the respondents, television channels in Iran do play a role in promoting ethics in football, yet with various levels. Also, there was a significant relationship between footballer's athletic history and their views on the role of television in promoting ethics in football.

This article aims to evaluate IRIB TV channels efficiency, using Efficiency-Measurement Method and Data Envelopment Analysis approach, and tries to offer solutions for improving their efficiency. This study employs three methodologies, i.e. Delphi Method, Causative Analysis, and Data Envelopment, to determine general indicators (input, Process, Consequence) for measuring TV channels efficiency and assessing their performance system. The popularity level of input and output factors influencing television channel's efficiency was discovered through expert's panel, and the factors influencing system performance efficiency were identified by analytical and explanatory tests. Following the collection of data and their analysis based on consecutive and pair comparisons between inputs and outputs, efficient channels subject to improvement were identified, using IRIB performance data over the last two years. The findings show that six channels were efficient and the rest needed increased or decreased level of key inputs and outputs.

People's Enhanced literacy on the Internet on the one hand, and the development of production and distribution channels on the other, has brought about the increasing growth of social networks and user-produced contents. Among the social network's effects on news channels, one could refer to transformation of traditional journalism and the way these media channels produce and air news across the world. The present exploratory case study aims to take a structural and professional look at the effects of social media on principles of journalism in the BBC, and presents their implications in the IRIB.The findings indicate that to preserve professionalism in journalism and maintain balance between speed and accuracy in news, the BBC has created a focused structure, i.e. "user-created contents pole", for purveying news sources from social networks, while developing a mechanism for evaluating and filtering such contents. Furthermore, training news staff on the one hand, and empowering audiences to produce content on the other, is indicative of the BBC attitude towards employing social media.

This article aims to study the reasons and motivations behind watching Persian-language satellite TV. A purposeful sampling was used to choose 458 individuals from Qa’emshahr citizens. A survey was carried out through a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings indicate that satellite television’s audience motivation for watching is for amusement and gaining information. The demographic attributes of the audience had a great effect on the extent and way of consuming satellite TV programs, so that men were more likely than women to watch satellite TV programs for gaining information and news on public affairs and political issues. This is while women watched satellite TV programs mainly for their social needs. In addition, according to the findings, the significance of using satellite TV for gaining cognitive and political information increases with the age of audience, and satisfaction with using satellite TV for amusement at lower ages and above 55 is of greater importance; however, social usage of satellite TV programs decreases as the age of audience goes higher.