مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 73، بهار 1394)

Advances in science and improved treatment and also organ transplant from patients with brain death cause the quality of life and raise the life-expanse in patients with organ failures. Organ donation varies depending on the customs, traditions, religious beliefs, cultural and knowledge of peoples about brain death. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude of Ardabil people about organ donation. This was a cross sectional descriptive study that has been done on 351 samples who selected randomly from society by classification sampling method. Data collected by a questionnaire that validity and reliability was checked. We used descriptive and analytical statistical methods by SPSS.16 for analysis data. According to results more than 70 % of people agree with organ donation in brain death and considered it altruistic, and the role of media in the culture, including the people for the organ donation and donor card was important. There was a significant relation between organ donor and brain death (p<0.01) It was necessary that we must design proper strategic planning and programing based on cultural, beliefs and social properties of people to eencourage people to donate organs for transplantation to the needy.

Teaching, researching, participating in forums and meetings, financial matters, issues relating to students and work long hours are the daily activities of the academic staff. Working with high pressure can lead them to burnout. The aim of this study was to assess the three components of burnout and readiness to change; also we defined the correlation between readiness to change and burnout among basic medical science academic staffs. This was cross-sectional study and its tools had three questionnaires. General Health Questionnaire, Maslach Questionnaire, in order to assess of burnout and Modified Prochaska Questionnaire, for assess of three levels of readiness to change. The study population includes all academic staff of basic medical sciences in school of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Inclusion criteria were included, willingness to cooperate, mental health and at least having one year of experience. From total number of participants (129), 65.9% were male and 34.1% were female. The components of burnout in emotional exhaustion were 71.9% weak, 14.8% moderate and13.3% cases were severe, cases in depersonalization were 76.6% weak, 10.2% moderate and 13.3% cases were severe, in Personal accomplishment were 50% weak, 23.4% moderate and 26.6% severe. About 70% were in the action stage. There was correlation between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment with readiness for change (0.638, 0.633, and 0.452) respectively with P-Value less than 0.05. The coefficient of correlation between the components of burnout and readiness to change showed a significant inverse relation between them. It could predict that individuals with higher levels of burnout will prove more resistant to change. In the present study, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization low, and only about half compared to their job satisfaction. This shows the necessity of preventing it. Academic staff in terms of readiness to change in the well-kept and often have into action phase.

Traffic injuries are noticeable events in most countries. In Iran, traffic injuries After heart disease are the second cause of death and first cause of wasting life. The elderly are the most vulnerable people in traffic injuries who among them, death and disability are high. Due to the increased number elderly in the country, the aim of this study was to evaluate demographic characteristics of the elderly died of traffic accidents over a period of seven years (2003-2009) in Kurdistan province of Iran. In this cross sectional study (descriptive- analytical), by census method, all cases of dead elderly were studied. Then, by using a check list for demographic characteristics, location, time of the incident and the cause of death were collected and data was analyzed by spss software finally. Among 509 dead elderly, more than three fours (77.2%) were male. Most of fatal accidents were head trauma (54.3%) and half of them occurred before transferring to the hospital (54.1%). There was a significant relationship between sex of victims and their status of in accident so that all older drivers who died were men (p<0.05). According to the high rate of death among men, older pedestrians and pre-hospitalize phase, conducted training programs for prevention in this age group is important.

Improvements in health care in the past century have contributed to increased longevitg and healthier lives of people. However, this has also resulted in an increase in the number of people with non-communicable diseases, including dementia. By increasing of cases refer to commission of Legal Medicine Organization to evaluate for financial abilities, we should plan an standard and scientific method. The aim of this study was to evaluate current methods and proposed scientific method to ensures uniformity of expertise. It is a cross sectional study that all the cases with inability to manage their financial works due to dementia were studied. All expert opinions and principles in the first instance and appeals committees, in order to reach methods for establish inability to manage financial works in people with dementia, carefully studied. In 2013-2014 from 44 cases referred for investigation, 28 cases reviewed. There are two methods of judgment one based on making assumptions and the other document- based. Because of importance of files we proposed that we must have a standard and scientific solution to manage these cases. Following standard practice in scientific and documentary, interaction with the scientific and educational communities, and avoid making assumptions that have a significant effect on the strength of further comments.

Analysis of rate and causes of death is one of the important tools for identifying the health needs in any community, for planning and monitoring health care programmes and appropriate allocation of limited resources. Many countries have a registration system specially designed for reporting and documenting their mortality data. Analysis of these data is commonly conducted in a regular basis to inform any policy making regarding their future healthcare programmes. The aim of this study was to analyse data from a combination of death registration systems in Quazvin Province of Iran. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted by secondary analysis of data collected from a combination of death registry systems in Quazvin province of Iran. The data were collected and put into an Excel software for years 2004 to 2008 (ICD 10). The trend of death, rate of death and causes of death were analyzed over the 5 year periods according to the age, sex and residence area (urban and rural). Deaths due to communicable disease has decreased and deaths due to non-communicable diseases have increased over time. The leading causes of death were accidents, cardiovascular disease and cancers and in these three groups the majority of deaths were due to myocardial infarction, transportation accidents and stomach cancer. The study also showed that death rate due to physical and mental disorders resulting from substance abuse has increased during these years (from %1.6 to %7.3). Also death due to suicide has been increased over this time in both sexes. The most common method of suicide was hanging in men and self burning in women. The mortality rate was more in rural population than urban population. According to our finding, rise of proportional mortality ratio (PMR) for neoplasm requires special attention in the control and prevention programs. Death was more common in rural population compared to urban population. According to the villagers, and increased access to specialized diagnostic and treatment enjoys a certain priority.

Chemical and pharmacological poisoning are the main problems in all over the world, and various studies in Iran show its high prevalence. This study has been done in the purpose of showing the evaluation of epidemiologic of drug poisoning in the Ahvaz Razi Hospital. This consideration (study) has been done as a cross-sectional like statistical research. 1007 files of poisoned patients has been considered. The questionnaire was completed and the data has been analyzed with the (SPSS) statistical software. 46.7 percent of the studied population were female and 53.3 of them were male. The majority of people (64.2%) were in the age range of 15-30. 78% of the cases in order to commit suicide consumed the medicine and in 20.2%, were the record of psychic problems. The most prevalent medicine which was used in the most cases were TCA (21%), BZD (15.1%) Opium (7.9%) and Tremadol (7.1%). Considering most prevalent drug toxicity at young age group and that 78% were suicides, further studies at the psychological and social area is essential for preventative efforts. It is also necessary to reduce the use of drugs that are toxic and prevention easy access to drugs and non-prescription sale, through education and public awareness.

Sexual abuse includes rape. It is a phenomenon that, is considered from 1980. Due to the increasing prevalence and widespread impact of this phenomenon, rape has become a serious problem. Rape can be defined as vaginal or anal penetration without any consent. One of the serious consequences of rape is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms of this disorder include involvement, avoidance, increased arousal, and so on. According to the high prevalence of PTSD in victims of rape and lack of information and research in this field in Iran, this study tries. To identify PTSD in complaining of rape and to focus the attention of the relevant authorities, steps to quickly identify those high risk for PTSD to early intervention and referral to appropriate follow-up, followed by the creation of PTSD and other complications prevented. This study is a descriptive epidemiological study of 130 rape victims in Tehran has been referred to the legal medicine center. In this study, a questionnaire (PSS-I (PTSD Symptoms scale) is used as a research tool., For data analysis, descriptive statistics and SPSS 21 software was used. The results show that the rate of PTSD in victims of rape in Tehran is 61.6%. Based on these data, most victims are in the age group of 20-30 years. Further their education and earn most of them were insufficient. Most are married and spouse's education was diploma and under diploma. Also, most of the victims were unemployed. According to the high prevalence of PTSD in rape complainants request that the authorities in Tehran Protect them and take them to the screen.

Taking exemption from the patient or his guardian is a precondition that Iranian Legislator see as necessary for excluding responsibility from the physician in any legal medical operation, following to popular view in Islamic law (fig’h). According to article 495 from the Islamic Penal Law: “The physician is responsible for blood-money if he causes death or physical injury in his treatments, unless he observes the medical standards or takes exemption before the operation”. Despite emphasizing on necessity of taking exemption in the second part, the first note of article 495 states: “The physician hasn’t responsibility in case of lacking fault & negligence in the theory & practice, although he doesn’t take exemption”. So there is a kind of incompatibility between the article and its note. This essay is to present a solution for this problem by focusing on taking exemption from the patient or his guardian before any operation or treatment.