مجله اقتصاد منابع طبیعی
پیاپی 5 (تابستان 1393)

Lakes produce many goods and services that are valuable، bit more of them doesn''t trade in market. Special characteristic of those services and goods and lack of information is the most reason that services and goods could not be traded and so their values couldn’t be elicit. Some methodologies developed to elicit the non-market values of ecosystems. To fill the information gap and showing the values of a lake''s ecosystem، this study uses Contingent valuation method to elicit the existence value of Chitgar artificial Lake (the beigest artificial lakes in Iran) by measuring Willingness to Pay (WTP) and explore the factors that affect people’s WTP. The WTP was derived from a face-to-face survey of 400 observations In Tehran. Logit model used to estimate and results shows mean WTP is RLs 11،831 annually per household.

Human has long attempted to recruit their nature to meet their needs and in this line، the environment has been a major source of tourism. Since the recent growth of the tourism industry is one of the most important factors for increasing economic activity in the world، the present study has examined the impact of environment on tourism. For this، the generalized method of moments for panel data of the selected developing and developed countries during 2005-2012 has been employed. The results of this study indicate that environmental performance has a significant and positive effect on tourism in the selected countries. Also، other obtained results of this study show a positive impact of GDP، real exchange rate and the human development index on tourism. According to the findings، we suggest that the government should lead investment to upgrade environmental quality to help develop general health as well as tourism development.

Optimal allocation of water increases with gap between supply and demand، and this matter is necessary for supply and demand managment. So in this research using WEAP Model was evaluated Water Recourse Allocation for drinking and farming consumptions in Torogh area in Khorasan Razavi province. The data required for this study was collected from Khorasan Razavi Regional Authority on years 2011-12. Then model run for two sectors of drinking and farming consumptions. On the basis of obtained results، necessesity of farming sector was supplied completely، While in drinking sector was abserved water deficit. Therefore، According to population growth، deficit of Water Recourse، and temporal and spatial variables، attain to a sustainable solution is necessary. so must in each location consider an expedient solution and this solution، amendments during time.

A review of the literature shows that economic growth، natural resource abundance has a significant role in economic growth، and depending on the initial conditions of different countries have their place. In this study، using the least squares method for aggregating data fusion (panel)، the relationship between natural resource export and economic growth The oil exporting countries in the period 1974-2012 has been studied. Total Petroleum Exporting Countries as two countries whose economies are major exporters of crude oil and Over 50% of exports of crude oil and other oil exporting countries that have oil economy have not been considered. In this study the effect of natural resource export on economic growth in oil exporting countries، the impact of other variables affecting economic growth، such degree of commercial freedom، human capital، physical capital and government spending has been investigated. The research hypothesis is the «abundance of natural resources and a significant positive impact on economic growth is the Petroleum Exporting Countries.» Exports of agricultural raw materials and export of fuel and crude oil reserves as the most important indicators for measuring natural resource is used. The results show positive and significant impact on physical capital and free trade And government spending and a significant negative impact on economic growth has a crude oil exporting countries. Human capital in some models significant negative impact on economic growth is the Petroleum Exporting Countries. About the impact of natural resource abundance on economic growth of countries can be both negative and positive results achieved. Exports of agricultural raw materials and significant positive effect on Rshdaqtsady Petroleum Exporting Countries have، Thus، despite the export of agricultural raw materials and primary research hypothesis is accepted. Negative and significant effect on fuel exports Rshdaqtsady Petroleum Exporting Countries has، therefore، with regard to Fuel exports as a second index abundance of natural resources research hypothesis can be rejected.

A review of the classical theory of economics on the direct relationship between natural resource abundance and economic growth، but now the poorest economies in terms of economic growth and development in the field of natural resources often than rich countries are more advanced. Natural disasters through various sources such as Dutch disease، rent-seeking and negative terms of trade… Resources are having a negative effect on the economy. This study sought to influence the abundance of natural resources-oil economies Weber growth during the period (2010-1990)، using panel data approach is. The results show that during the natural resource abundance and economic growth in these countries has a positive impact on the Iran، Saudi Arabia and Egypt، so that their economic growth is more dependent on the abundance of natural resources، but Openness has a positive impact on economic growth. It is therefore necessary to increase the root causes of this devastating consequences and it shows in our economy.

This study examines the factors affecting energy consumption in Iran for the period 1340-1391 using autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) model. For this purpose، the impacts of economic variables on energy demand (growth of energy consumption) were studied. The results show that two variables، oil income growth and non-oil GDP growth، have the greatest positive impact on energy demand. The coefficients of variables energy price and inflation are negative which indicate the negative impact of energy price and inflation on energy consumption. In this model the coefficient of error correction term equal -0. 52 which that is found to be negative and statistically significant suggesting a quick adjustment process.