مجله ارتقای ایمنی و پیشگیری از مصدومیت ها
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار 1394)

Northern provinces of Iran (Guilan, Golestan and Mazandaran) are among the most accident prone area of the country as they attract many tourists for their geographical and natural wonders. This study was carried out to assess the epidemiological pattern of fatal traffic accidents in Northern provinces of Iran.

We used data gathered by Forensic Medicine Organization for those who had a fatal traffic accident in Northern provinces of Iran in 2010. Analysis was performed using STATA 11. Means and proportions were used as descriptive measures. Association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Kruskal Wallis test was used for means comparison.

The age-adjusted incidence rate of fatal traffic accident was 33.4/100000 and mean of age was 39.45±0.43. Men contributed to 80.15% of deaths and drivers made 44.66% of them. In 48.92% of cases the main cause of death was head injury. Intercity travels composed 63.26% of deaths. There was a significant relationship between the type of the vehicle and the length of time between accident and death.

Risk of fatal traffic accident in northern area of Iran is higher than the total country average. The fact that young people make a high proportion of traffic deaths and head injuries is an important cause of death need to be put in perspective to improve the driving education system and safety of cars and roads and also to enforce the related laws and regulations.

The incidence rate of animal bite in Quchan city is much higher than national and provincial average. This project was done to study the epidemiologic distribution of animal bite cases in Quchan city. In this cross sectional study, all animal bite cases of Quchan city in 1392 were studied. Then collected data was entered SPSS17 software and were analyzed by few tests such as t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression. Most cases were 21-30 years old and mean of age was 32.2±19.8 years. 31.3% were female and 68.7% were male. The risk of severe injury by stray animals was 2.5 times higher than pets and by dogs was 12.6 times higher than cats (P<0.05). Severity of injury in women were greater than men and women were about 10 years older than men in average (P<0.05). 16.3% of cases were city residents and 83.7% of them were rural residents. Highest number of cases of animal bite injuries occurred in June (11.2%) and the lowest in January (5.7%). The culprit animals in most case of bite injuries were dogs (86.7%) followed by cats (9.5%). Invasive animals in 95.2% cases were pets and domesticated and in 41.3% of them attacked their owners. 36.9% of cases were injured when they passed by the animal and 11.1% of them were injured when they entered the animal owner’s house. Most animal attacks occurred at 12-18 o’clock. Because incidence rate of animal bites in Quchan city is high, it is essential that provide an appropriate intervention programs to prevent and reduce the incidence of animal bites, especially in the rural young men and students and with emphasis on immunization the pets.

Society health without access to safe drinking water and food will not be possible. Given to the variety of diseases that can be transmitted by contaminated water or food or even can pollute the waters, there for it is essential to prevention of diseases transmission that should be consider at during the foods production process until their consumption or during the water treatment and disinfection. Thus the aim of this research was to determination of prevalence and mortality due to water-borne and food stuffs diseases in Iranshahr city from 1388 to 1391 years. This was a cross-sectional study. Required dates were obtained in a 4-year period based on five factors, including microbial malaria, acute watery diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid and brucellosis and also the amount of chlorine in piped water and non-piped water was studied according to WHO [World HealthOrganization] standards for sampling from water distribution network and foodstuffs, then were collected from Iranshahr’s health center, after that were analyzed by scientific and valid methods. Results indicated that by passing the time all of the microbial parameters had increased that this shows lack of suitable quality monitoring for these supplies. Death was not observed in any of the common diseases. According to the result, the microbial quality of drinking water and foodstuffs supplies was unsafe in Iranshahr city, it is require to notice more controlling in water and foodstuffs distribution, hygienic treatment and periodic monitoring.

With a growing interest in organizational factors in occupational safety, many researches have been carried out in relation to a study of the relationship between organizational factors and safety performance in different industries in recent years. According to this, the purpose of the research is to introduce a model for safety performance assessment according to a fuzzy inference system. The study is an applied study with respect to purpose and it is a descriptive-modeling study in terms of methodology. In this paper, reviewing research literature, organizational factors affecting the safety performance of industries has been extracted. Subsequently, in order to assess the safety performance in accordance with organizational factors, an inference system was developed according to research literature and experts ‘views. Having been developed, the model was implemented in an auto spare part corporation of East Azerbaijan Province. The findings of the research indicate that the developed model is capable of assessing safety performance in industries, based on which the score of safety performance of industries can be calculated. The application of the model in a cooperation as an experiment site exhibits that the score of safety performance is equal to 0.607; the value is desirable with the membership degree 0.528 and desirable with the membership degree 0.472. The system of interest in the present study is an instrument to score and can be applied when we want to know the level of company’s and organization’s interest in safety performance. Given the fact that the size of determining factors in safety performance score can be expressed by verbal variables, and on the other hand the variables have internal interactions with one another in that they exert different effect on the score of safety performance at times, the fuzzy inference system is an appropriate instrument for scoring.

Accurate and reliable information is critical to effective decision- making to preventing road traffic injuries (RTIs). This study investigated the status of Road Traffic Data Collection System (RTDCS) and provided some practical solutions. All RTIs in 2012 were included in the study. The RTIs data are collected by police using COM 114 tool. The PATAK software was designed and used to link relevant records of specified accident. Using descriptive analysis and also Microsoft Office Excel and PATAK software’s functions the errors of RTDCS were detected. Atotal of 1,392,815 records of road traffic accidents were examined. Approximately 7% of RTIs were recordedrepetitively. There were more than 2% of all injuries with no information about general condition of accident and 10.2% with no divers’information. Missing data was almost high in all variables and in some cases were 50%. Mismatching and inconsistent in the part of data and overlapping in some of variables in data collection tool were of other problems. More than 99 percent of records identified and merged correctly using the PATAK software. The study revealed that RTDCS faces some problems and shortcomings. Using designed PATAK software, probability of all data utilization in road traffic data collection system is provided. To improve quality of RTIs data, reloading and modification of RTDCS is necessary.

Today, in the high-risk industries much attention is given to safety. The main focus is on safety climate of safety in this industry. The health-care industry is considered as a high risk industry because it has mortality and morbidity risks for staff and patient.Due to safety climate predicts and determines safety performance, furthermore, the aim of this study was to find mean of safety climate and its dimensions in rehabilitation clinics in Ahvaz city. This cross sectional study was a descriptive-analytical research. The sample size was 114 staff in rehabilitation clinics. The safety climate questionnaire and demographic information was used for data collection. In this questionnaire the Likert scale was used to measure safety climate. The gathered data were analyzed via SPSS19 software, using ANOVAs and Pearson correlation tests. Finally the total mean of safety climate was (66.72) in rehabilitation clinics in Ahwaz City. The highest and lowest means of dimensions of safety climate were “management commitment to safety” (12.99) and “staff awareness about safety” (7.19) respectively. There was significant correlation between safety climate and “type of rehabilitation clinic” and “occupational accident rate” (P<0.05). In addition, there was no significant correlation between safety climate and other demographic information (P>0.05). Based on the score of total mean, safety climate was higher than 50% in rehabilitation clinics in Ahwaz city. Furthermore, managers must pay much attention to dimension of “staff awareness about safety”, because this dimension had lowest Mean among dimensions of safety climate.

Safety training plays an important role in reducing accidents and promoting a safety culture within organizations. In this study, particularly we evaluated the role of supervisor in effectiveness of safety training session and changing employees’ attitudes toward safety issues. One-hundred and ninety seven employees (100 employees in control group and 107 employees in experiment group) completed safety questionnaire immediately before 4 safety training sessions 90-minutes over four days from 8 am to 12 pm in Isfahan Steel Company. Members of experiment group attended in a training session that was carried out by unit supervisor and Members of control group attended in a training course that was carried out by trainer out of unit. This questionnaire almost carried out approximately 30 days after training to members of both group. Results of control and experiment groups were compared with descriptive indexes and Covariance. The findings of this study showed that safety training done in experimental group by supervisor comparing with control group has positive significant effects to change attitude toward safety issues. That is, supervisor rather than trainer out of work unit was effectiveness in changing employees’ attitude toward safety issues. Using of unit related experienced employees and supervisor can play critical role in effectiveness the safety session.

Due to susceptible pupil population to airborne diseases, it is important that monitoring of indoor and ambient air quality in schools. The number of bioaerosols is related to spreading diseases in pupils that spend 6 hours in schools. The aim of this research is to determine type and number of bioaerosols in indoor and ambient air in schools, geographical situation and season effects on number of bioaerosols. This descriptive-analytical study is carried out in Adalat and Payam ghoran girl high schools in Slamshahr in a period of 22/10/2013 to 21/5/2014. The air sampling for assessing of bioaerosols number in indoor and ambient air is carried out by microbial air direct sampler (Quick Take-30) at 28.3 L/min flow rate. The results are compared with European Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice (EU GMP) standard and specified pollution level of station. The mean bacterial and fungal number of indoor air is higher than ambient air in classes. Also, the mean airborne bacterial and fungal number in the second floor is the most. The presence of Aspergillus and Penicillum is tangible both of environments. The findings indicate that higher bioaerosols number in class with higher pupils number may be resulted in respiratory disorders and aeroallergen acute symptoms in long term.

Pollution caused by organic matter and nutrients in the water resources due to the discharge of industrial wastewater and the use of chemical fertilizers, of the most dangerous of threats to human health and the environment. Human and animal with the consumption are of vegetables irrigated with wastewater contaminated food and are suffering irreparable damage River water for drinking and farming villages provide sycamore Bojnurd. Various sewage into the river is due to nearby communities. Appear to necessary Awareness and understanding of water quality. The present study was a descriptive cross sectional and investigated trend of organic matter and nutrients in a of Chenaran river. For this purpose, samples collected were at 3 months twice a month of 6 stations and the removal of organics and nutrients by measuring COD and BOD5, nitrate, nitrite and total phosphorus were performed and the results were analyzed with statistical analysis. In the first month of sampling for organic matter highest mean, respectively, of Station No. 6 and 3 and for nitrate, nitrite and phosphate in station No4. In the second month, the highest mean value for organic matter, respectively to station for nitrate, nitrite and total Phosphate at Station No. 5. Finally, in the last month, the highest mean value for organic matter, respectively of station 3 for nitrate, nitrite and phosphate at station number 5. River water was contaminated at some stations is higher than the existing standard with Measurement of physical, chemical and environmental standards at the desired station, the environmental effects of pollution in the river is visible.