مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 74، خرداد 1394)

Increasing of life expectancy and aging is associated with noncommunicable diseases including diabetes، so this disease can affect various aspects of their lives. Therefore، this study is aimed to determine the level of health-related quality of life in the elderly with diabetes and its effectors. This cross-sectional study was conducted on the 300 diabetics elderly (60 years and older) who referred to health centers in Mashhad. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used. Data was collected by in-person interviews using standardized health-related quality of life، demographic characteristics and Duke Social Support Questionnaire. Data analyses were done by using SPSS (version 21) descriptive statistics and linear regression. The p-value less than 0. 05 were considered as significant. The results showed that the mean of health-related quality of life among the elderly is 57. 56±11. 01. According to the classification، (58. 7%) 176 of the elderly had moderate health-related quality of life. Also، the social dimension of (70%) 210 the diabetics elderly was good. But in the physical dimension، (45%) 135 had low levels and in the psychological dimension، (63. 3%) 190 were moderate. Furthermore، multiple linear regression showed that the most significant elderly quality of life predictors were sex، history of diabetes، education، marital status، health insurance status، respectively (p<0. 05). The increasing elderly population with diabetes and the importance of the various factors on quality of life، it is seemed to plan for improvement affecting factors and promotion of their quality of life.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is significantly increasing in the world and this study aims to investigate the rate of overweight and obesity among students of dentistry to obtain correct and better information about enforcement of dental treatment and create a very useful guide for health policy-makers. The present study is a descriptive study. A total of 181 dental students of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services، in the first semester of the academic year 2014-2015 were studied by random selection as examples، their information were collected by questionnaires and by anthropometric device، then an independent t-test analysis was done inorder to study the difference of average. Data، was divided by age، sex and family history. The prevalence of obesity، overweight and abdominal obesity among boys was more than girls. The prevalence of obesity among boys was 21 %، while the rate among girls was 2%، and overall prevalence was 11%. The prevalence of overweight among boys was 28% and among girls 15%، and the overall prevalence was 22%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among boys was 19% and among girls was 11%، and the overall prevalence was 15%. These results indicates the significant statistical differences between males and females (p value < 0. 05). In the Faculties of Dentistry، due to high activity of students and the high number of clients، the students'' attention to their nutrition is very low. So، it can be recommended that the Ministry of Health and Medical Education، and the presidents of the faculties، put priority on paying attention to students nourishment.

The surgical waiting area is that place where families and friends await news concerning their patient who is undergoing surgery; they spend hours wondering and worrying. This study aimed to explain factors that facilitate waiting time according to experience of family members of patients undergoing surgery. This is a qualitative research. Participants were 17 from family members of patients undergoing surgery، they were selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling. Semi-structured interviews were performed for data collection and data were analyzed using content analysis approach. During analysis 2 themes and 5 subthemes emerged. They included: support [“family support”، “personnel support”]، satisfaction [“attention and personnel accountability”، “skill of medical team” and “nursing care”]. These findings of the present study could help nurses for better and holistic care services.

Insulin regulates many important processes in the central nervous system such as synaptic plasticity، learning and memory. Experimental evidence suggest a link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Insulin modulates the metabolism of beta-amyloid precursor protein in neurons، decreasing the intracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intraventricular injection of Metformin on memory retention in streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of Alzheimer''s disease. A total of 56 male wistar rats (200-250 gr) were divided into 7 groups (n=8): Control، Sham، STZ، STZ +Salin، STZ +Metformin. For induction of AD، STZ (3 mg/kg، i. c. v، 10 μl each) were administered bilaterally into latral ventricles. Two weeks later all rats were trained in one trial step-through passive avoidance learning. Saline (5 ul) or Metformin (50،100،200ug/kg، 5 ul، i. c. v) were injected through the guide cannula immediately after training. Retention test was done two days later. Our results showed that post-training microinjection of Metformin into lateral ventricles improves memory retention in STZ rat model of AD in a dose dependent manner، so that the time spent in the light chamber before entering to the dark area in the STZ + Metformin (200ug/kg) group rats were significantly more than STZ group. The results indicated that Metformin is useful for treatment of Alzheimer''s disease.

The eating disorder is one of the most psychological disorders in women. There are many causes of eating disorder، which include perfectionism، body mass index (BMI) and body dissatisfaction. Therefore، the aim of this study was to design and test a model of perfectionism، BMI as precedents for eating disorder with mediating the role of body dissatisfaction among female students of university. The designed model in this descriptive study was tested in a sample of 302 female students of Shiraz University in the academic year 2013-2014. Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26)، Perfectionism Ahvaz Scale and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8D) were used to assess eating disorder، perfectionism and body dissatisfaction. The proposed model was tested based on structural equations modeling (SEM). In order to test the mediating effects of the proposed model and determine their significance، Cohen and Cohen method was used. The findings indicated that the proposed model is suitable. The results also supported the mediating role of body dissatisfaction in the relationship between BMI، perfectionism and eating disorder. The perfectionism and BMI were good precedents and body dissatisfaction was good mediator for eating disorder in female students. Due to the impact of these disorders on physical and mental health of young people، the lifestyle، environmental، and social aspects influencing the development eating disorders and body dissatisfaction in this group should be monitored.

Stress management training as one of the life skills including awareness and promoting socio-mental abilities and causing better adjustment، also increasing mental، physical and social health of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management training on social adjustment of Rasht hospitals female medical staff. This study is an educational trial. The statistical sample of the research included 30 female medical staff in hospitals who were selected through cluster sampling and divided randomly into control and experimental groups. The research instrument was a Bell''s adjustment questionnaire. It should be noted that the subjects with lower scores on test of Bell''s adjustment questionnaire، are more adjustable and vice versa. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics، t-dependent (Paired t- Test)، Independent t-Test and the significance level was 0. 05. The mean and standard deviation of the post-test (14. 47±1. 35) versus pre-test scores (19. 20±1. 41) decreased which represents an increase of compatibility after the intervention (p<0. 0001). Results of independent t-test showed that after stress management training، there was significant difference between experimental and control groups (p<0. 0001). The results showed that stress management training is effective on social adjustment، as adjustment after a stress management training، was improved. Stress management training programs to improve the adjustment of components in various aspects of life، especially social one.

Recognizing effective factors influencing crime among adolescents and young people is very important in terms of the impact of religious orientation and emerging social networks. The aim of the present research was to compare the internal-external religious orientation and membership in social networks among young people with history of criminality and normal individual. In this descriptive study، samples included two groups; individuals with a history of delinquency and normal. Each group contained 45 people and they were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data، administered demographic characteristics and Religious Orientation Allport Questionnaires were carried out on subjects. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the mean of months of membership in social networks (p=0. 021)، internal religious orientation (p=0. 002) and external one (p=0. 036)، among young people with history of criminality and normal individuals. Thus، mean of months of membership in social networks، external religious orientation in young people with history of criminality was significantly more than that of normal individuals; and internal religious orientation among them was significantly less than that in normal individuals. According to the results، strengthening the internal religious orientation and informing the youth can avoid effectively consequences of presence in the emerging social networks.