دو ماهنامه سلامت کار ایران
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 1394)

The aim of this study is determining factors related to workers'' use of hearing protection devices in Shoga factory Yaft Abad، based on Protection Motivation Theory. In this cross-sectional analytical study، 60 workers who were exposed to harmful noise selected among factory shifts by randomized sampling method. The questionnaire included 6 demographic questions، 8 knowledge questions، 20 perceptions questions، 2 behavior questions، 7 improvement questions. Questionnaire acquired its validity by content test and its reliability was acquired by using Test-retest & Cronbach Alpha test. Data were analyzed on the SPSS (15) software by using descriptive statistics and analytical tests. 19. 2 never used it. 40. 4 percent of the workers used the hearing protection device most of the time، 44. 4 used it usually. There were significant positive correlations between perceived vulnerability score with self-efficacy score (r=. 41، p=. 001)، perceived response efficacy score (r=. 44، p=. 03) and protection motivation score (r=. 5، p=. 002). There were significant positive correlations between perceived response efficacy score with evaluation of coping score (r=. 34، p=. 01 and protection motivation score with behavior score (r=. 56، p=. 03). There was significant negative correlations between perceived cost with evaluation of coping score (r=-. 84، p=. 002). The percentage of using hearing protection is inadequately in the workers. For increase the percentage، planning effective interventions based on protection motivation theory which improves perceptions of severity، vulnerability، perceived cost، self-efficacy and perceived response efficacy is recommended.

Work-related accidents each year have a significant impact on worker productivity and ultimately the economy of the society. Because, as a fact, resources are limited for reducing the risks and costs can affect the optimal investment in safety issues, the aim of this study is to calculate the economic costs of occupational accidents in Iran. In this study the direct costs from 10,583 occupational accidents occurred in 2012 is estimated. Number of working days lost per accident and the total number of working days lost was calculated on the basis of specific groups. For quantitative estimates of lost workdays, 129900 RS per day was considered. The Most working days were lost in the construction industry (4136572 days). In addition, the occurrence of occupational accidents among married persons (5182949 days) and employees with less than one year of work experience (2960727 days) is resulted in maximum working day lost. The total cost arising from occupational accidents was 958120580 Rials and cost of each occupational accident per person was equivalent to 90533930 Rials. The costs of accidents on employers and ultimately the country's economy, is noticeable. This study provides a framework for strategic planning to protect workers and to prevent the imposed economic costs on workplaces and ultimately on society economy, including the private sector and government sector.

The health workforce is The main tasks of the state. And Custodians of law and protect the health and safety of workers is mandated. According to Article 29 of the Constitution in 1366 and Article 147 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, To provide primary health services in primary health care projects Established home health workers to form: :::union::::s Workshops were set at 50 to 500 people. The aim of this study was to determine the employee's satisfaction with home health care workers Workshops covered in Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. This research Is a cross-sectional study Where 227 workers randomly Plants were selected from a population of 50- 500 people and Was the question. Tools for data collection was Questionnaire with 27 questions closed. Which was composed of two sections: General information and proprietary information Questionnaire validity through consultation with experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Which is equivalent to 92/0, respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. Visit the home by health workers from the workplace (7/87 per cent satisfied),, Received training before use (5/63 per cent satisfied)), Monitoring the use of personal protective equipment (7/83 per cent satisfied, Monitoring the use of personal protective equipment (7/83 per cent satisfied, Periodic examinations (6/92 percent satisfied), Workers patients (9/85 percent satisfied), Vaccination (1/70 per cent satisfied), Suitable for Home Care Workers (8/89 per cent satisfied), and In total, 90.7% of workers in home health care workers, Very satisfied, fairly satisfied, and were satisfied, and Only 9.3% of people were unhappy. Due to the high level of satisfaction 7/90% of workers from Home health care workers, Health workers to strengthen existing homes. and Optimize and fix their flaws and defects and Effective step towards the preservation and promotion of worker's health and the economy is booming.

Construction is one of the most dangerous industries in the worldwide. Workplace safety is a complicated phenomena and behavioral safety in the construction industry is even more so. The Aim of this study was the development of a new model for understanding the factors influencing unsafe behavior in construction industry. In the current quantitative study, a three-stage Structural Equation Model (SEM) was conducted on two main construction workplaces in Iran. In the first stage, the measurement model was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Then, a modified structural model was extracted for the workplace 1. Finally, the modified model was evaluated in the workplace 2. LISREL 8.8 was used for data analysis process. Goodness-of-fit indices indicated the modified structural model in the workplace 1 was confirmed in the workplace 2 (GFI=0.93; SRMR=0.04; RMSEA=0.06; CFI=0.97; NFI=0.98; χ2/df=1.98). Client safety climate had the highest correlation (SPC=0.87, t-value=16.21) with overall safety climate. Attitudes and beliefs had the greatest correlation (SPC=0.87, t-value=13.34) with overall individual factors. The physical condition had the highest correlation (SPC=0.77, t-value=7.69) with the overall safety performance. For implementing of the effective interventions in the construction industry, we must use an integrated and good-fit model to understanding factors influencing unsafe behavior. The current model can help us to understanding the factors influencing unsafe behavior in construction projects.

Air pollution is a risk factor for human health and the environment. Due to the nature of the process and also to employing melting furnaces, the production and emission of some pollutants such as harmful dust is very high in the steel industry. Therefore, considering the importance of the issue, control of dusts of an alloy steel production company has been discussed in the present work. In the present study, the VS-55-03 and VS-55-04 standards of industrial ventilation committee of ACGIH have been applied for the design of ventilation system. Ten high efficiency stairmand model cyclones were designed in parallel in order to remove the particulate emissions. Furthermore, a venturi scrubber was designed to be integrated with the ventilation system for controlling of fine particles passing through cyclones. After the system was designed, made, installed, and operated, the concentration of particulates was measured in the workplace, inside the ducts, as well as at the effluent gas to determine the efficiency of the system. The results showed that the average efficiency of the local exhaust system for the removal of the environmental and inhalable particle was 92.7, and 80.3 respectively. Moreover, the mean removal efficiency of the cyclone and venture scrubber was observed to be 73.8% and 98.6% respectively, while it was 99.63% by the coupled cyclone-scrubber system. According to the results, it seems that the hybrid collectors are appropriate alternatives for filtration systems which include constrictions such as sustainability to high temperatures and filter clogging resulting from greasy substances available on scraps.

Workplace violence against female nurses is a significant and increasing problem. In most of cases, female nurses do not report violent events. The aims of current research are to investigate workplace violence against female nurses in three general hospitals of Ilam located in Iran using the questionnaire in 2012 and identify their reactions when facing with violent events. This study is a descriptive research that the prevalence of workplace violence against female nurses is investigated. The required information is obtained by means of the author-made questionnaire that is distributed among 53 nurses and the SPSS software is used for data analysis. Among the samples, 90.6 % and 15.1 % of participants had faced with verbal and physical assaults of patients during last year, respectively. Moreover, 92.5 % and 11.3 % of nurses had experienced verbal and physical assaults of patient companions, respectively. Remarkably, most of nursing staff believe that reporting aggressive evident is not useful at all. A significant correlation is found between physical assaults of patients against age of nurses. In addition, a relationship between verbal violence of patients versus marriage status of nurses is observed (P< 0.05). A large rate of aggressive incidents is observed against female nurses, in present study. In this regards, enhance in security guards can significantly reduce this term. Also, recording aggressive events and legally pursuing the people who committed to violence are essential.

The main objective of this research was finding the relations between musculoskeletal disorders and depression and anxiety (overt and covert) in emergency staff of hospitals covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The research was descriptive- analytical study. Out of 600 staff of hospitals covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 120 were selected randomly as sample group in 2012. Socio-demographic, Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders, CES-D and Schpillberger anxiety scales were applied as research tools. SPSS19 software and statistical techniques such as t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one- way ANOVA were employed for analyzing the data. Depression was lower and anxiety was upper than average amounts. There was significant relationship between depression and musculoskeletal disorders. Also, there was a significant difference in depression with respect to job title and educations. There were not observed such differences in overt and covert anxiety among staff. Staff with contract recruitment were suffering from depression more than other groups. It was found significant relationship between depression and anxiety, also overt and covert anxiety. The overt and covert anxiety of emergency staff is in the high level in order to the harmful nature of their jobs. Emergency managers and physicians have lower depression in comparison with other groups because of their low physical pressure. Further to the stressful nature of emergency job without concerning the job position, whole of the staff have high overt and covert anxiety.

Academic laboratories are considered as environment for performing various laboratory processes. Physical, chemical, biological and mechanical stressors are common in laboratory environment. The purpose of the study was to provide a comprehensive health, safety and environmental risk assessment in an academic laboratory. A case study design was conducted. The relevant check list was developed for laboratory environment. Based on study objectives required variables in terms of health, safety and environment included in the check list. The data collected through observation and interviews with 10 experts of the laboratory is used. Findings from checklist showed the number of risk factors contributed to health effects, safety and environmental impacts were 15, 42 and 10, respectively. In terms of risk rating benzene, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid and sulfuric acid indicated the highest level and EDTA, potassium chromate and phenol were at the lowest level. Risk rating analysis indicated that benzene had the highest risk in view of health, safety and environmental outcomes. Laboratory risk assessment must focus on health, safety and environmental stressors. Any preventive program should take into account the level of risks for corrective actions.

Employees in workplaces often complain of various physical and mental symptoms that are not medically explained. The purpose of this study was to determine the predicted power of physical and psychological symptoms by attitude toward safety issues. The current research is the kind of correlation studies. Sample consisting of 189 employees in Isfahan Steel Company in 2012 was selected according to the stratified random sampling method and responded questionnaires about demography characteristics, attitude toward safety issues of Munteanu (2005), physical symptoms and psychological symptoms of Barling and etal. (2002). Data was analyzed using of Pearson correlation coefficient and Multivariate analysis. The results showed that there were significant internal relationships between attitude toward safety issues and physical and psychological symptoms (p<0.01). Also, Multivariate analysis indicated that the variables of attitude toward safety issues significantly predicted almost 12% and 29% of the variance of physical symptoms and psychological symptoms (p<0.01). The research results maintain the importance of attitude toward safety issues variable in predicting the experience of physical and psychological symptoms in workers.

The present study was conducted to assess the role of sleepiness during the day (ESS) and sleep apnea in road accidents in Shahroud drivers. In this cross-sectional study, 312 drivers of members of Shahroud's terminals were studied in 1392. Demographic, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) standard questionnaire with seven scales, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire with 8 items and STOP BANG questionnaire with 8 questions were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software version 18. Nearly 16% of drivers had accident history in the past five years. The mean ± SD total score of sleep quality (PSQI) in drivers was 4/5 ± 2/85 and 27/5% of them had poor sleep quality. 5/6% of drivers had Epworth sleepiness scale over 10, which is clinically significant. 11/5% of drivers with STOP BANG> 3 were diagnosed in terms of respiratory disorders. ESS in drivers who had accident history in the past year (p= 0.004) and past five years (p= 0.003) and also perpetrate in accident (p= 0.012) was more than other drivers. Significant relationships were observed between ESS and perpetrate in accident and accident history in this study. However, this relationship between ESS and injury or death in accident was not observed. More than 10% of drivers with sleep apnea disorder were candidates for referral to sleep clinic.