فصلنامه سنجش از دور و سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی در منابع طبیعی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (زمستان 1393)

Investigation of the situation of heat radiation scattering and its relationship by land use types is important in identification of the urban microclimate. Temperature is one of the features that are influenced by environmental conditions and it is considered as one of quality indices of environmental. According to this study the quality of the environment and the amount of pressure on which come to attention. On the other hand، land use planning as the main core of the urban planning based understanding of the environment is searching to find a way to improvement of environmental، social and ecological system of cities to the aims of sustainable development، especially countries. In this study، the effects of land use/cover and risk of land surface temperature (LST) in the coastal city of Bandar Abbas assessed by using satellite imaging data Terra ASTER for the years 2007 and 2011. After the processing required and using the heat equation، the surface temperature was prepared. Land use layers and harvesting of selected parts and also inferential statistical tests (Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient) the relation between land use/cover and surface temperature was calculated. The results showed industrial areas، barren land of high temperature and high coastal areas due to the presence of water due to evaporation and transpiration from vegetation green leaf area of trees and shade temperatures were lower than those of other users.

The aim of this research is flooded hazard potential zonation of Baghan watershed using geographic information system (GIS) and Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method (FAHP). After identifying effective factors in flood hazard (slope، digital elevation model، permeability، lithology، infiltration، land use، vegetation cover density، precipitation، network drainage density، distance from the stream)، criteria and subcriteria weight were calculated using pairwise comparisons and experts'' comments as well as FAHP. Watershed flood hazard potential was zoned and finally، the watershed was categorized into five classes based on flood hazard risk using a fuzzy gamma operator. The results of flood hazard risk zonation indicate that classes 1، 2 and 3 are generally located in mountainous areas and include about 22% (203 km2) of the region and so it can be concluded that، the 22% part of runoff yield، watershed management projects in this region are in priority. Classes 4 and 5 have less flood hazard potential in comparison to class 1، 2 and 3 and are located in slopes and taluses in mountainous areas and cover about 78% (706 km2) of the region.

The mean aerosols samples in three periods of ten stations were taken from Bushehr region, to characterize the spatial variability and concentration of As, Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb and V. The geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were applied, and the disjunctive kriging was used to map the spatial patterns of the seven heavy metals. Meanwhile, Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation matrix (CA) were used for the data processing. The results of Nug/Sill ratios for the seven metals showed that spatial dependent is moderate (0.25-0.75), that indicative the effects of natural factors such as parent material and topography. Meanwhile, the disjunctive kriging technique was used to quantify their concentration distribution. Combined with the results of PCA, 7 heavy metals could be divided into 3 factors. D1 was the metals, i.e., As, Co, Ni, Pb, V. Cd was in D2, Fe in D3. This results show the concentrations of 7 heavy metals were mainly controlled by the external factors. These results will contribute to the management of regional environment.

One of the water management methods that had wide application in recent years is the artificial recharge. The aim of this study is to determine the suitable sites for artificial recharge in Oshtorinan plain located in Boroujerd City. The effective factors of artificial recharge were identified includes: geology, slope, the thickness of the unsaturated zones, groundwater quality, aquifer transmissivity, hydraulic gradient, storage coefficient, distance from surface water sources, and land use. In first, raster maps for different layers were prepared and arranged using the paired comparison method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Raster layers were integrated using the Weighted Index Overlay Method. Unsuitable areas according to the proximity to wells, springs and Qantas were eliminated by using the Boolean model, and the artificial recharge map was prepared. Three sites were determined for artificial recharge in Oshtorinan Plain. The potential artificial recharge map shown, 17% of the region area had quite suitable, 21% was suitable, 31% was moderately suitable, 18% was unsuitable and 13% was prefect unsuitable for artificial recharge. Finally, through field visiting four sites were determined for artificial recharge in Oshtorinan Plain.

The dust haze phenomenon is one of the most environmental challenges in the West and South-West of Iran. To detect the phenomenon of dust haze the images with a repeat in day and night, wide coverage and high spectral bands is needed therefore the images related to MODIS sensor is suitable. The purpose of this study is identifying sources producing dust haze entering in this region in 2011 by using visible bands and thermal bands of MODIS sensor and with the use of Ackermann index and synoptic analysis to identify the movement of dust haze from the origin to Iran By using 500 hectopascal geopotential height synoptic data, sea level pressure and 500 and 1000 hectopascal wind direction maps. Finally, its movement from source to Iran was monitored by using GIS and Spatial Analysis Tools. The results showed that source of the phenomena of dust haze entering the West and South West of the country is from Syria, Iraq and part of Saudi Arabia, which the major origin of dust haze is north of Iraq and the border between Iraq and Syria. Combining the results of detection of dust haze and synoptic maps has optimized found the origin and mode of transmission of dust hazes and provides a more suitable prediction of the movement path of dust haze.

Unplanned development of industries can be harmful to sustainable development. Some of the harms include destruction of farmlands and natural ecosystems and emission of environmental pollutants. Furthermore, establishment of industries in unsuitable and risky sites can cause heavy damages. Thus, unplanned development of industrial plants should be stopped and suitable lands for industrial purposes should be studied and identified. The aim of this research is land suitability assessment for industry's establishment in Malard county using AHP-Fuzzy Logic method. Various qualitative and quantitative criteria effective in land suitability assessment were identified and selected. Then, using AHP method, qualitative criteria were quantified and weighed. In modeling process, fuzzy logic was used to convert discrete variables to continuous variables and change data layers to raster format and combines them in Arc®GIS software. Finally, the land suitability map for industrial development was developed.

Identifying and locating suitable areas for eco-tourism development, is one of the important issues of tourism planners. But the wide variety of options and parameters, variables uncertainty and long terms in environmental planning, causes the decision-making becomes more complex. So multi-criteria decision-making methods can meet these challenges. Thus the aim of this study is to identify suitable areas for eco-tourism in Kiamaky wildlife refuge using MCDM method Based on fuzzy logic in GIS. According to the effective criteria on the eco-tourism in this area; obtained from previous research and expert opinions, 15 criteria maps (climate, lithology, height from sea level, slope, aspect, land use and distance maps from residential area, road, river, police station, environmental guard station, sensitive habitats, shrine, spring and waterfall) are produced and classified as input. To determine the weights of criteria, opinions of experts in the form of Delphi Method were applied. The criteria matrix formed and the relative importance of all criteria was defined using the AHP method and pairwise comparison. Finally eco-tourism appropriate priority map was produced using Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method and applying the index of the importance of each criterion to corresponding classified map. According to mentioned map, 15% and 34% of the area eligible for perfect and good for eco-tourism respectively, and 4% of the area are medium for this purpose. In this study, besides confirming previous studies, power and usefulness of GIS in locating and combining different ecological criteria were shown.