مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 78، امرداد و شهریور 1394)

Combined training has been recommended as an effective rehabilitation intervention to improve physical functional in elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sequence order of combined training (resistance and endurance) on strength, aerobic capacity and body composition in older women.

In this randomized clinical trial, 40 retired elderly women of education were selected and randomly divided into four groups, endurance + strength (E+S) (n=9), strength + endurance (S+E) (n=10), circulation concurrent (CI) (n=12) and control (n=9) groups. Training program was performed for eight week, 3 times per week. Differences were analyzed by paired samples t-test Within-group and differences were analyzed between groups by one-way ANOVA.

The results showed that there were significant differences between effect of training with different sequence order in lower body strength (P=0.001) and VO2 max (P=0.029). Sequence order caused to different effect on weight (P=0.017), BMI (P=0.023) and waist circumference (P=0.006). Also, a significant increase were observed in upper body strength only in CI and E+S groups and lower body strength in all groups of combined training (P<0.05).

According these results, combination of strength and endurance training with different order are recommended to improve strength, aerobic capacity and body composition in old women. Independent of the training sequence, the current training program caused positive changes in body composition and physical fitness.

NFκB1 encodes for a DNA binding subunit of NF-κB complex. Overexpression of NFκB1 has been reported in a number of human cancers including breast cancer. To date there has been no study on the relation between microsatellites in the NFκB1 gene and risk of breast cancer in Isfahan population. This study was aimed to investigate the existence of NFκB1 CA repeat polymorphism and its association with breast cancer risk in Isfahan population. This case-control study was conducted on 115 women with breast cancer and 115 healthy women. After DNA extraction from peripheral blood samples, desired sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Finally, CA repeat polymorphism was determined by amplified elements electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and determination of sequencing. According to the results of present study, 9 different alleles of the CA repeat in the range of 14 to 23 were detected in intron 1 of NFκB1 gene. The most common allele in both controls (29%) and cases (27%) allocated to (CA)16 allele. Due to the short allele (CA)14 frequency in patients (3%) and controls (0%), women who carry (CA)14 allele of NFκB1 gene were at significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer. Since the (CA)14 allele was observed only in patient women with the OR>8, it may be used as a prognosis marker for breast cancer development.

Motivation in working as a set of internal and external forces is recognized as an important and necessary issue in nursing and other provider the services to patients to provide a tactful and high quality work. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between motivation in work and spirituality among nursing staff in the hospitals in Isfahan using spirituality- based motivation model. This descriptive-analytic study was performed in 2014 on 230 nurses, midwives, and health workers who were selected using randomly simple sampling in the state hospitals in Isfahan city. Data were collected through a questionnaire made by researcher consisted of 62 spirituality- based motivation questions in areas of extra- personal, intrapersonal, interpersonal, motivation and meta-motivation and spirituality. In this study, 230 nurses, midwives, and health workers consisted of 57.8% (133) men and 42.2% (97) women were studied. Extra- personal communication with beta 0.86 had the greatest effect on spirituality in working, followed by intrapersonal communication with beta 0.70, and interpersonal and inter-individual communication with beta 0.59. In addition, spirituality variable was significantly effective on motivation and meta-motivation in working with beta 0.677. No significant relationship was observed between the factors of spirituality-based motivation model and education and age of individuals under study (P>0.05). Regarding to the effectiveness of extra-personal and intrapersonal communication compared with interpersonal and inter-individual communication on spirituality and motivation in working, it is suggested to promote this relation by hospital administrators. Thus, it increases the motivation in the working with spiritual approach.

Nose cosmetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery in Iran. So, the present research was aimed to investigate and compare the relationship of narcissistic and body dysmorphic disorder among cosmetic surgery applicants and non- applicants. In this descriptive analytic study, 100 applicants of nose cosmetic surgery and 100 non- applicants of nose cosmetic surgery who were integrated based on education level, gender, marital status and their location. They were selected by convenience sampling from Sari city of Iran in 2012. All participants were evaluated using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations (MBSRQ) and narcissistic questionnaires. Data were analyzed using logistic regression test. Results revealed that applicants group has the higher levels of body dysmorphic and narcissistic disorder rather than non-applicants group. Results also showed that body dysmorphic disorder had higher significant predictor than narcissistic disorder for application of nose cosmetic surgery (P<0.001, F=39.79). The chance of applicant’s surgery for body dysmorphic disorder was more than 1 (1.218) that shows the procedure chance for nose surgery in applicants with body dysmorphic disorder was more than normal applicants for nose cosmetic surgery, but narcissistic disorder had not significant prediction role to applicant for nose cosmetic surgery (P>0.05). It seems negative self-conception about body dysmorphic disorder affects on the rate of referrers and performer for nose cosmetic surgery.

Cytokines play a crucial role in the processes which induce inflammation, joint destruction and extra-articular signs associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to examine the role of IL-23 and IL-10 in rheumatoid arthritis in pretreatment and post-treatment compared to healthy control subjects and osteoporosis patients. In this cross-sectional study, 30 patients diagnosed with RA and 30 healthy controls subjects and 15 patients with osteoporosis matched to age and gender were selected. Blood samples were collected from the patients and the control group to determine IL-23 and IL-10 serum levels. The serum levels of IL-23 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA assay. IL-23 serum levels in RA patients were more than IL-23 serum levels in control group and osteoporosis group and was considered a significant difference (P=0.007). IL-23 serum levels in the patient group three months after treatment decreased significantly compared to RA subjects before treatment (P=0.009). There was no significant difference between IL-10 serum levels in RA patients group before treatment compared to control group and osteoporosis group, but IL-10 serum levels in RA group before treatment and three months after treatment showed a significant difference (P= 0.001). The results showed that IL-23 and IL-10 are highly active in RA and these cytokines might be closely involved to pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.

Prostatic cancer is one of the most widespread cancers in men in all over the world. There are many reagents that cause to prostate cancer, but many factors recognized to prevent or treat this cancer. This capacity is in anti-oxidants and, especially in polyphenol compounds like Gallic acid. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of gallic acid on Du145 cells line in prostatic cancer by alkaline electrophoresis technique. In this Laboratory experimental study, MTT assay was used to determine the viability of Du145 cells line in the adjacent of different concentrations of gallic acid and IC50. Three concentrations around the IC50 of Gallic acid were treated on cells for 48 hours. Comet pictures have been analyzed using CASP software after alkaline electrophoresis. 35 µM of Gallic acid for Du145 cells was determined based on probit model with IC50 with MTT test. Rate of tail to head in alkaline electrophoresis for three concentrations around the IC50 (25, 30 and 35) µM of Gallic acid was 6.7±1.3, 13.8±2.6 and 69.4±1.2 percent, respectively. Gallic acid is one of the most powerful anti-oxidants that can reduce the growth of Du145 cells in prostatic cancer and inhibits the cell growth with destroy their genome and induce the apoptosis.

Nowadays, cancers are one of the biggest concerns of human societies. Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidants are a key factor in the prevention or treatment of various cancers. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of carvacrol as a strength antioxidant on growth inhibition and genomic destruction of prostatic cancer cells line PC3 using comet assay technique. In this laboratory-experimental study, prostatic cancer cells line PC3 with different concentrations of carvacrol were selected and the percent of cells viability was measured using MTT assay on cells line PC3. Then, it was computed inhabitation concentration of 50 percent for the growth of IC50 cells. In the next step, alkaline electrophoresis regarding to the IC50 was done for 130, 230, and 360 µM concentrations of carvacrol and 100 comet pictures were analyzed with CASP software. According to probit model, the IC50 of carvacrol for PC3 cells was 360 µM. The rate of tail to head in alkaline electrophoresis at 130, 230, and 360 µM of carvacrol concentrations was 15.9±2.1, 38.7±4.2, and 65.3±2.0 percent, respectively (P<0.05). Carvacrol as one compound of the effective polyphenoly in treatment of cancer can potentially destroy genomic cells line PC3 derived from in prostatic cancer. The genomic destruction of carvacrol on cells line PC3 is more effective in concentrations more near to the IC50.

One of the main problems of surface water resources is high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOMs). NOMs may be made as extra products of disinfection which could be toxic or carcinogenic for humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced coagulation and direct filtration process on elimination of NOMs from surface waters. In this quasi-experimental research, a pilot study was designed for enhanced coagulation and direct filtration with a capacity of 144 liters per hour. Choghakhour wetland, located in 65 km far from Shahrekord City, was selected as a sampling location. To measure NOMs, UV absorption at 254 nm was used through a spectrophotometer. The effect of PH, FeCl3 dosage and flow rate was studied to evaluate the elimination of NOM. The results showed that in the optimum conditions, the elimination of NOMs was about 94 percent and the amount of residual contaminants was about 2 mg/l. The optimum condition to remove the NOMS, was observed in PH 6.2, ferric chloride dose 60 mg/l and flow rate of 95 l/h. According to analyses of under study factors, coagulation concentration showed the most efficacies on the removal efficiency of NOMs, PH and flow rate, respectively. It can be concluded that enhanced coagulation and direct filtration through ferric chloride can improve the NOM removal efficacy in the water treatment plants.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood mental disorder causing hyperactivity, attention deficit and education decline among students. The aim of the study was to compare effectiveness of booklet and focus group education of primary school teachers on their knowledge, attitude, and practices about students with ADHD.

Sixty teachers from four girls’ primary schools of Education Department of shahrekord were selected randomly. Then, they were put into two groups of focus group (30) and booklet education (30). The first group was divided into two groups of 15 and participated in four one-hour sessions and the second group received a booklet with the same content of group sessions. Both groups filled knowledge, attitudes and practice questionnaires before and one month after the education.

After the intervention, knowledge of participants was significantly increased in both groups (P<0.05), but their attitudes about medication treatment of ADHD were not significantly changed. The change in mean knowledge and attitudes was not significantly different between two groups (P=0.811and P=0.898 respectively), but the focus group education rather than booklet group showed a better performance. So, the number of suspected and referred children for ADHD was significantly more increased (P=0.05).

The results showed that focus group education was more effective than booklet education in increasing the number of referred children for ADHD by their teachers. Because ADHD can lead to psychosocial problems in students, it is recommended to use focus group education of teachers to identify quickly and refer students with ADHD.

Morphine withdrawal syndrome is one of the critical and dangerous side effects of opioid abusing; and treatment of addiction and its withdrawal syndrome are in health priorities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Teucrium polium, Descurainia sophia and Artemisia aucheri extracts on morphine. In this experimental study, 40 male rats were divided into 4 identical groups including control group that received morphine, naloxone and distilled water, and groups with morphine dependent rats treated with Descurainia sophia extract (400 mg/kg), morphine dependent rats treated with Teucrium polium extract (600mg/kg), and morphine dependent rats treated with Artemisia aucheri extract (200mg/kg). All animals received different doses of morphine for 7 days. Then, at the 7th day of addiction they received the extracts by an oral-gastric catheter. After passing one hour of intraperitoneal naloxone injection (0.5 mg/kg), each animal was placed in a cage separately and observed for forty minutes. Then, variables of fecal quality, frequency, and weight of stool, lying down, itching, and jumping were determined. In this experimental study, the extract of Descurainia sophia significantly decreased indexes of lying down, weight loss and itching compared with control group (P<0.01). Teucrium polium extract group significantly decreased (P<0.01) frequency of jumping and lying down compared with control group. Also, the Artemisia aucheri extract decreased itching index compared to control group (P<0.001). Results showed that the extracts have significant effects on reducing the symptoms of withdrawal syndrome in rats. More studies are suggested to confirm the effects of these plants on morphine withdrawal syndrome.

Recently with the increase of drug resistance in curing diseases, especially parasitic diseases, and also due to the side effects of chemical compositions, the use of herbal drugs in curing parasitic diseases has increased significantly throughout the world. The present study was designed and performed to investigate the antileishmania effects of Levandula essence and to compare it with glucantime. In this experimental study, first the essential oil was extracted from the fresh dried and powdered plant by steam distillation method. Then, essentials with the concentration of 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent and glucantime with the concentration of 33.8% were added to Leishmania major culture media, separately. The media contained 1 × 106 promastigotes of parasite per milliliter. The number of alive parasites, after adding the essential and the drug at the times of 24, 48, 72 hours, were counted by the 10% trypan blue vital staining and the use of Neubauer lam. The results showed that the proliferation rate of promastigotes after adding the plant essential declined significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). In concentration of 10% or more, the leishmaniocidal effect was also observed in a way that in hour 72 no viable parasite was observed in the mentioned groups. Also, in concentration of 0.5, 1.5 and 5 percent, a significant difference was observed in the number of viable parasites compared to the chemical drug group (P<0.05). This study indicates that Levandula essential has inhibitory and lethal effects on the promastigotes form of Leishmania major in in vitro. Therefore, this is suggested that more studies is conducted in order to identify the antileishmaniosis of Levandula on the amastigote form of parasite.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the widespread and contaminant throughout the nature, due to toxicity, carcinogenicity, their relative resistance to biodegradation. The main origin that introduced this contamination to environment is oil and oil products. This study aimed to determine the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petroleum contaminated soils in Shahrekord. In this descriptive–analytical study, random samples were taken from three contaminated sites, including; vicinity transmission line site after accident pipeline break, exposed to exhaust site and oil storage reservoirs site. Phenanthrene and pyrene extraction was carried out and then their concentrations were measured using HPLC/UV. The SPSS software was used for analysis (t- test and Spearman’s rho test). The results showed that the average of phenanthrene and pyrene in vicinity crude oil transmission line site were 24.14±6.8 and 50.67±20.42 mg/kg, respectively. These amounts were measured in storage reservoirs site 0.22±0.02 and 2.5±1 mg/kg and in areas exposed to exhaust 32.24±19.45 and 61.32±36.23, respectively. The relationship between phenanthrene and pyrene concentrations both in vicinity crude oil transmission line site and oil reservoirs site according to WHO and ATSDR standards and in gas station site according to WHO standard were significant (P<0.05); that indicating high contamination at these sites. Mean concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in vicinity crude oil transmission line site were 200 to 500 times and in areas exposed to exhaust were 6 to 12 times more than WHO standards. Thus, appropriate soil remediation (especially bioremediation) approaches should be considered.

Osteoporosis is the most common disorder in metabolism of bone minerals. Restriction site Taq1 in Calcitonine gene and AluI polymorphism in Calcitonin receptor gene as genetic factors can be associated with bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to determine the association of restriction site Taq1 and AluI polymorphism with bone mineral density. In this descriptive analytical study, 200 women over 45 years who referred to Bone Mineral Density Assay Centers in Shahrekord in years 1391-92 were included. Bone mineral density at femur neck and lumbar spine was measured by DEXA method. Based on T score, an indicator of bone mineral density these women divided to patient or osteoporotic group (130 persons) and healthy or control group (70 persons). Then different genotypes of Taq1 (TT/Tt/tt) and AluI (TT/TC/CC) were determined by PCR-RFLP method and data was analyzed by statistical tests, including Chi square and ANOVA. P values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In control group the percent of genotype distribution for TT, TC and CC genotypes was 31.4%, 35.7% and 22.9%, respectively. In patient group the genotype distribution percentage for above genotypes was 31.54%, 63.08% and 5.38%, respectively. The P value of this polymorphism with bone mineral density was more than 0.05. Both in control and patient groups for Taq1 restriction site the tt genotype was seen. There was no association between each of AluI polymorphism and Taq1 restriction site and bone mineral density and it is possible that other genetic factors would be effective.

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance among pathogen bacteria has become a serious matter in the worldwide. Klebsiella pneumonia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes community and hospital acquired infections. The worldwide development of multi- drug resistant (MDR) strains of K. pneumonia is a major concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern and prevalence of multi- drug resistance K. pneumonia in educational hospitals of Shahrekord. In this analytic cross-sectional study, 136 isolates of K. pneumonia samples of urine, blood, wounds and sputum were isolated and identified by using standard biochemical tests. Isolates resistance to anitobiotics Amikacin, Cephalothin, Cotrimoxazole, Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Nitrofurantoin, Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Cloramphinicol, Imipenem and Norfloxacin were investigated by using disk diffusion method according to CLSI. According to the results, the resistance of isolates was as follows: Cotrimoxazole (58.1%), Cephalothin (52.9%), Tetracycline (47.8%), Cefotaxime (39.7%), Gentamicin (36.8%), Nitrofurantoin (25.7%), Cloramphinicol (25.7%), Amikacin (21.3%), Norfloxacin (11.8%), Nalidixicacid (19.9%), Ciprofloxacin (9.6%), and Imipenem (9.6%). 81 samples (59.6%) were multiple- drug resistant. Multidrug-resistant K. pneumonia is a major risk for patients referred to Shahrekord hospitals. So, supervision on the consumption of antibiotics and determining resistant strains can prevent development of resistance in bacteria.

In the mammalian, after sperm penetration into the oocyte and pass fertilization process, a set of cascade signals initiate that includes oscillations of calcium concentration in free oocyte cytosolic. The aim of this review article was to evaluate the role of Phospholipase Czeta (PLCz) in human oocyte activation and the role of this protein in sperm samples of fertile and infertile men. In this review, fifty- one published articles related to protein phospholipase Czeta, during 2002-2013, were assessed via the PubMed. Since the discovery of PLCz in 2002, there has been much progress in researcher understanding of this fundamental sperm protein, both at the scientific and clinical level. Despite high fertilization rate after ICSI, some infertile individuals are faced to failed fertilization. Therefore, it is clear that phospholipase Czeta plays a fundamental role in the activation of human oocytes. Thus, genetic, molecular, or biochemical perturbation in this protein causes oocyte activation deficiency. Phospholipase Czeta can be used either as a novel therapeutic agent which rescue oocyte activation deficiency, or as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker of oocyte activation ability in target sperm samples.