مجله علمی پژوهان
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1392)

Four-drugs treatment included of Bismuth–Omperazole–Metronidazole and Amoxicillin have been used as first line treatment for Helicobacter Pylori eradication by many of physician in Iran. However, there is an uncertainty for effectiveness of the regime on patients of Hamadan with the resistance rate of this regime reported in different parts of the country. Present study attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of this regime as first line treatment of H. Pylori in patients of Hamadan.. There are 100 patients with recognized H.pylori infection who could terminate this study. At first, these patients treated by four-drugs regime for 2 weeks, then they treated with Omprazole for 1 month. Successful eradication was determined as negative Urease Test with Carbon 13. The average of individual ages was 38±11.78 years old. 57% of patients were men. The eradication rate of H.pylori was 80% and the eradication had no significant correlation with the age, gender, clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings. Four-drugs treatment included of Omperazole-Metronidazole-Amoxicillin and Bismuth is effective in patients of Hamadan and still could be applicable in H.pylori treatment as the first line treatment.

Different perceptual and cognitive impairments occure after stroke. Beacause cognitive impairments after stroke can affect activity af daily living, identifion and improvement of this problems is very impotant. Cognitive problems after stroke can be as a result of in working memory impairments. Neurofeedback training can regulate brain waves and this action can affect cognitive function. This study we tried examine and copare effect of Neurofeedback training on memory in stroke patients. This study used single-system design with control group in sample with four patients. In study results of B phase (therapy phase) comared with A phase (baseline). Any improvement of memory in two groups evaluated with CANTAB test. Regarding the data, effect size of the therapy in two groups analysed with cohen d test. Effect size in spatial span (ssp) and spatial working memory (SWM) for test Group was(2/38 and 3/87) and for control group was(0/73 and 1/63). The changes mean in ssp and swm for test group was (1.3 and 17/2) and for control group was (0/25 and 3/8). Regarding the results, may use neurofeedback training with occupational therapy as a complementary therapy.

The aim of this study is the evaluation of bacterial contamination of Slit-lamps in Eye Centers of Farshchian Hospital and assessment of the current disinfectants on isolated bacteria from apparatuses. In a cross-sectional study, 400 samples were collected from different parts of Slit-lamps (200 samples before and 200 samples after disinfection). The samples were cultured on Blood agar by sterile cotton swabs. A smear was also prepared for gram staining, then by differential and biochemical test identify and diagnosis microbial agents. The efficacy of two disinfectants (Sodium hypochlorite and Chlorohexidine) on Staphilococus epidermidis and Corynebacterium diphteroides by disk diffusion method were evaluated. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software (V:10) and T-test. The rate of slit-lamp's microbial contamination before and after disinfection was 87% and 42% respectively, that showed significant decrease after disinfection (p<0.001). The most frequent bacteria that isolated from apparatuses were Micrococi, Staphilococus epidermidis and Corynebacterium diphteroides. The disinfectants of Sodium hypochlorite in 90% and Chlorohexidine in 50% had strong efficacy on Staphilococus epidermidis, whereas for Corynebacterium diphteroides were 81/1% and 45/4%, respectively (P<0.05). Our results showed that the ophtalmic biomicroscopy apparatuses)Slit-lamp(before disinfection have had the high rate of contamination, that have reduced in microbial clonization significantly, after disinfection (P<0.001). The efficacy of Sodium hypochlorite was stronger than Chlorohexidine.

A significant problem that mankind has faced in recent years with its production and indiscriminate disposal of solid waste in the environment. This applies regardless of the issue of recycling and reuses of recycled materials, in addition to the national capital loss the loss of natural resources and environmental damage is irreparable. In this study, the current situation and the obstacles to recycling and solid waste production per capita for each Bushehr citizen, and environmental and economic aspects of solid waste recycling are taken into consideration. We collected data through interviews with officials from the solid waste recycling organization of Bushehr, field observations and study of review articles has been conducted. with respect to the population of Bushehr city, 150000 people, the generation of solid waste per capita is estimated to average 600 grams per day. An average of 33,000 tons of solid waste in year 91 was collection in which 71% of solid waste was of organic and compostable and 29% of it was inorganic but recyclable. Only 2.1% of solid waste in Bushehr was recycled and more than 98% of it was unsanitary landfilled. Low rate of solid waste recycling in Bushehr is due to a lack of information of the recycled materials advantages, weaknesses in source separation of solid waste and unknown of recycling benefits to the public and the authorities. With reviewing of current status, information, education and the use of advanced mechanical equipment can use the economic and environmental benefits of recycling.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis disease is one of the health problems in tropic and semi tropic regions like Iran. So therefore, this is so necessary to study the prevalence and identify the new focus of this disease in different region of Iran. This study was conducted to survey prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakdasht County in 2012. In the present study, 32 Cutaneous Leishmaniasis's patients (dry and moisture) that look up to pakdasht center of health service were investigated in 2012. For studding this disease, some parameters were noticed such as outbreak months, history of Patients tripe to the polluted area before outbreak of disease, job, the anatomic local of sore in patient's body, the number of sores, sex and type of sore (dry and moisture). Based on the result of this survey, majority rate of affection in September was 53.15% and in August was 18.75%. Most of the patients have a historical trip to the polluted area, As 43.75% of patients, before illness outbreak, have a historical trip to the polluted area. The maximum patients were housewives (34%), infants (21.87) and drivers (15.6), also 90.62% of patients have moisture sores. The results showed that Pakdasht County was not the focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis and this disease appear during patient's trip to the polluted area such as Sabzevar.

calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, making up nearly 2% of total body weight. This element has several roles in organisms. Manganese is an essential trace element which is taken part in the structure of some metal enzymes. There is a little evidence for deficiency of manganese in human, whereas its toxicity has been reported in several cases. Since, calcium interference with intestinal absorption of manganese can influences processes such as bone formation and growth, thus in the present project, this matter has been investigated. In this study interrelationship between calcium and manganese intestinal absorption by everted gut sac technique, has been studied. Animals were fasted 24h prior to the experiments and small intestine was removed. The intestine cut into adequate pieces and the segments were everted. The everted gut sacs were suspended in kerebs- ringer – phosphate medium. incubation of freshly prepared E.G.S in kerebs ringer phosphate (KRP) medium PH 7.4 containing either calcium or manganese showed that incubation time. The absorption of metal Ions is a dose dependent process and maximum absorption carried out in the presence of 1.50 or 1.85 mM of calcium or manganese respectively. Addition of calcium to reaction mixture reduced manganese absorption by 35 percent. Whereas manganese decreased calcium absorption by approximately 20 %. The effects of citrate and glucose on intestinal absorption of calcium and manganese have been investigated here. the data of present study indicate that calcium and manganese can interference each other intestinal absorption.

Mental health plays an important role in ensuring the dynamism and efficiency of any community. Since human resources has crucial role in the cultural, social and economical development of communities, students also is the brilliant segments of society and creators of future of each country so, assess their mental health is of utmost importance. The aim of the present study is the investigation of social factors like social support, social status and social skills associated with students mental health in social sciences faculty of Allameh Tabatabai University in 2010-2011. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the B.A. students (n, 300) in social sciences faculty of Allameh Tabatabai University in 2010-2011. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire GHQ-28 includes 4 scale somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression and also the new questionnaire containing the variables of social support, social skills, social status and demographic data. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2, t-test, ANOVA and correlation coefficient. In this study, 300 students (218 girls) were examined, the average age of the participants was 21.95 (2.9) years and 10.7% of the respondents were married. According to the current results, 53.3 % (n, 160) was suspiciously recognized to have mental disorder based on the GHQ. Results showed that depression was significantly higher in men than women. Association analysis indicates a positive and significant relationship between social support and social skills with students mental health. But there was not proven relationship between the social status and students mental health. There is diverse range of psychological problems among students and is influenced by cultural, social, economical and family factors as well as new conditions of life (university) and Adjustment concerns with new conditions. The current findings imply that more than half of the students in the study were suspected to mental disorders and mental health services are needed.

Violence in the workplace is a risk factor threatening the health of workers. Health care workers - especially nurses and health care workers are at risk from other threats, physical violence and verbal are. In this study, all nurses working in the emergency departments of hospitals selected by the University of Medical Sciences (n=52) in 1391 studied groups. Means of collecting standardized questionnaire concerning violence in the workplace in units of health, including Section 4 (data demographics, threats of physical violence and verbal) that was completed by nurses. Results of statistical analysis and analytical tests (x 2 and Fisher’s exact test) were used in the software SPSS v.16. Nineteen and six percent of nurses had been violated during the course of their work. Violence against male nurses than female nurses was. The highest cause of violence against nurses, violence, and verbal violence is the most common cause of hypo nursing station was overcrowded. This study demonstrates the high level of violence against nurses and most of the violence against nurses, violence is verbal. Therefore to minimize violence in the hospital environment should be responsible for demulcent strategies, performance management; Protective measures should be considered and appropriate public education.

YPLL index is important in prioritizing health interventions. This index gives more weight to death of the younger people. Using this index one can calculate major causes of premature death and compare them with other societies. This study is aimed at determining the main causes of premature deaths in Toyserkan. The study population based on the 2011 mortality data was Tuyserkan. Mortality data from death certificates, that had already been extracted and entered into the software, were collected. The standard World Health Organization software was used to calculate YPLL. After removing the empty code number, 707 deaths were analyzed. Total mortality rate was 6.7 per 1,000 people. And per 1,000 people, a total of 122.2 years of life was lost due to premature death. Except those aged 30-39 years and 70-79 years, in all age groups the YLL rates in women were higher than in men. Cardiovascular diseases, accidents, respiratory illnesses are placed first to third in the YLL respectively. The results showed that non-communicable diseases are the main cause of premature death in Tuyserkan while changing patterns of communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases as the leading cause of deaths in the city are seen.