فصلنامه پژوهش حقوق کیفری
پیاپی 8 (پاییز 1393)

One of the issues raised in criminal law based on Islamic Jurisprudence is the justifiability or unjustifiability of Ta’Ziri execution. In spite of the fact that legislator does not provide Ta’Ziri execution in the categories of Article19 of the Penal Code, in practice some punishments in other penal statutes, particularly in drug-related crimes, are intended to be compatible with Ta’ziri punishment. However, the principles and ideas of Islamic Jurisprudence do not acknowledge the Ta’Ziri execution. Considering the possible basis for the legitimacy of Ta’Ziri execution, the issue will be discussed according to the Islamic jurisprudence. This paper is to come to the conclusion that Ta’Ziri execution has not an acceptable documentary basis، and the right to life cannot be ignored due to social interests.

In consistent behaviors against the public morality and chastity is undeniable in society (community). But what seems o to be important, is the government s response against the behaviors. What behavior should be banned and which can be out the legal, are questions that should be answered in the areas of law and moral philosophy. The legal system in west, is influenced by the ideas of liberal and less in clined to support moral behavior. On the contrary, criminal justice system in Iran plans more supportive of moral behaviors. Decriminalization and criminal inflation are the issues of judiciary and law enforcement agencies. Unfortunately, these two categories are discussed in criminology and sociology has been less expressed in Iran’s legal system. At last this study, examines the impact at moral in criminalization and Decriminalization in four areas in Islamic penal code.

Wrongful conviction of the innocent is a type of miscarriage of justice. Thus, the perspective that believes these two concepts are equivalent is false. Innocence can be actual or legal. The actual innocent is who does not commit the crime. The legal innocent is who commit a crime but his/her conviction was achieved through a violation of due process/fair trial. Despite some advantages of this division, it is somewhat misleading. Because, in practice, in many cases legal and actual innocence overlap each other. For example, researchers who provide this division, include insufficient evidence as a procedural error, not substantive. While, normally, an accused be wrongly convicted when there is no enough evidences. Actually, the criminal justice system ignores presumption of innocence. Despite disagreements, most researchers have applied actual concept of innocent and objective criteria in determining innocence in their studies.

The specialization of responsibility branches, is a new attitude in science of law. Basically, the main purpose in imposing a variety of responsibility, is the compensation whether from unit or the community, and professional responsibility branches, makes it possible to be the best form of compensation. One of the responsibility branches is social responsibility. This type of responsibility is social responsibility arises as a result of social obligations breach different from other type of responsibility. The position of this branch of responsibility and its relationship with the traditional responsibility branches especially the criminal responsibility and separation or participation is the subject of this article.

The invention of writing system may be considered as a divider between savagery and civility. Another line between these two periods appears to be invention of procedural law, special in public law. Concerning these two issues, Mesopotamia is, undoubtedly, the most significant origin of civilization. After detection of Hammurabi’s code as inscribed on stone tablets, it has been proved that code of Hammurabi is the most detailed and comprehensive collection found in Ancient Mesopotamia. Moses has been estimated to live between 1500 and 1200 B.C. However, the most ancient written documents attributed to him, Pentateuch; date back to 900 B.C. in Palestine. The current article is an attempt to reveal similarities between code of Hammurabi and Jewish laws in such topics as punishment for witchcraft, adultery, retaliation mythologies such as storm in time of Noah and etc. meanwhile, slight differences between code of Hammurabi and Jewish laws in such topics as vicarious punishment, rights of women and etc. altogether, dramatic correlation between two collection of codes might indicate that code of Hammurabi is a prototype of Jewish laws.

Tracking the vehicles traffic by GPS is usual behaviors of the police in the United States. Police Track the vehicle traffic suspected of carrying drug Antony Jones by connecting the device to his car registered Tracker records without a license of court. Although the trial Court never recognized this behavior as violation of Antony Jones, but Appeal Court took this behavior as violation of Jone's privacy and have been reversed his conviction because of the illegality of its. Police appeal from U.S Supreme Court, But Supreme Court confirms the Appeal Court procedure. This issue is due to the increasing reliance GPS to prosecution, discover and collect evidences against suspects. The main research question is the legal validity of this kind of suspect prosecution's evidences? Research method is a description and analysis of the content of the judicial verdicts in this article. These procedures meet the valuable achievements that this article by Analysis of the content of the verdicts with indicators such as; the legal criteria for inspection, the cause of the behavior, or illegal inspection, cause standards of inspection or licensure have been extracted and identified as the basis for the formation of these procedures is acceptation and justification.