نشریه علوم سیاسی
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 64، زمستان 1392)

The efficiency of Islamic republic of Iran system is one of the major concerns during the recent years and following three decades of the victory of Islamic republic، particularly on the new conditions that the regional and universal role of Iran has been of particular importance and on the basis of which the presentation of diverse economic، political، and cultural models by the Iranian elites and scholars is highly demanded. Definitely، the presentation of qualified models is considered as the priorities of Islamic system. Efficiency could be recognized in many aspects، whereas this article is to analyze the efficiency of political system in view of the variable of systemic approach. Efficiency in the systemic approach would be on the basis of providing input، the way of operating upon them as well as organizing the output، the maintenance and the balance of system. It means that an efficient system is the one which is of three elements of efficiency، effectiveness، and balance. Accordingly، a person with a systemic approach considers the political system as a coherent whole having incorporated different sections. The acceptance of this approach leads to the analysis of the system، developing، reconstruction or improving the input، process، and output together with the feedback of the political system. The turning point of this article is the institution of Wilayat resembling the balance point of Islamic system and the highest strategic management position which can take an step towards the engineering of macro political systems، renovation، improvement or in brief the efficiency of system through the systemic approach-the essence of strategic thought- and endeavoring to modify or complete the missing circles in favor of the promotion of the system.

One of the major concerns of the scholars of the world of Islam during the recent 100 years has been the establishment of a relationship between tradition and modernity and definitely، the foundation of the thought of Ayatollah Motahhari has been the respond to this relationship. The present research would be on the basis of this hypothesis that Motahhari has made an effort to renovate the tradition in regard with modernity. Consequently، in order to achieve the aforementioned goals، it has been endeavored to analyze the hidden aspects of his political-religious thought on the basis of Springens pattern within the frame of pathology، recognition of reason، ideology، and detection of the right path through the descriptive-analytical method. The studies of the article illustrate that Motahhari is considered as the most important modernist characters in the contemporary Iran thanks to making precious effort towards the renovation of Iranian Islamic tradition pertaining to modernity. The theoretical endeavor of him could present an appropriate pattern towards the persistence of modernity approach in the Islamic thought.

The community known as Sunnites and being considered as the majority of Muslims was not of clarified identity in terms of belief until the third century and was not well-known by this name as well. Abu al- Hassan Ash’ari was the first scholar who could give order to the scattered intellectual and ideological foundations of this group and provide a coherent theological formation out of it. Following him، Shafi’ee could establish the methodology of Sunnites’ jurisprudence، while its validity was dependent on theological bases which had been initiated by Ash’ari. The significance of Ash’ari was mostly due to his role in relation to the foundation of political theology and on account of which، he could develop the theory of caliphate. This writing is to study the fundamental role of Asha’ri towards the construction of the political thought of Sunnites and guarantee of the maintenance of caliphate.

Occidentalogy is probably a quite new concept in the political science particularly in Iran. In this article، it is investigated various aspects of Iranian and Muslim Scholars’ dealing with modernity and its effect on the perception of Iranian from the west. The main question of this research is the function of modernity in regard with the perception of Iran from the west and the reasons of Iranians’ hatred. Through critically studying the trend of occidentalogy in the contemporary Iran relying on the concept of modernity، this research illustrates that occidentalogy in spite of orientalism has not been achieved via a pre- planning and purpose، and not only does the east make the west enlightened but also it represents it at times. Moreover، the findings of this descriptive-analytical research clarifies that the occidentalogy in Iran is the result of re-manifestation of a natural reflection and objection to orientalization of Iran by the West and attributing labels like terrorist to Iran which changed into ideology out of a discourse.

The characteristics of fundamental theory have led to the extension of the application of this method concerning the studies of social science. The political science studies the complicated and multidimensional variables such as the policy of political power and government. The various conditions and elements dominant on the studied variables of this major in varied societies call for the researchers of this field to be equipped with the different skills of methodology in order to study and investigate these complicated phenomena within their particular framework. The fundamental theory is of characteristics which could be utilized by the researchers of political science. This research crystallizes the Methodology of fundamental theory as well as its functions connected to the political science researches. Through the investigation of theoretical studies related to this method as well as the investigation f researches having used this strategy، the article has endeavored to present accurate and practical clarification from the Methodology of fundamental theory and in this regard it has introduced the “Atlas T I” software.

The Islamic government of Iraq and syria –Daesh- is the name of a terrorist Sunni Islamist group whose leader، Abubakr al-Baqdadi، considers himself as the caliphate as well as the religious leader of the Muslims of the world. This group، having the control of some parts of Iraq and Syria، was initially made in Syria and then it extended the array of its progress towards Iraq. Through The investigation of the acts، the announcements، and the speech of the leaders of this group، it is clarified that this collection is considered vahabi on one hand and strictly extremist on the other hand. In fact، Daesh is returning the conservative Saudi vahabism towards that very harsh and extremist preceding path and their ideology is deemed to be the recreated vahabism. The emphasis on the renovation of caliphate and its endurance in the world of Islam، making benefit of takfiri to the large extent as well as the announcement of jihad against the other Muslims is considered the explicit feature of the ideology of this group.