Jorjani Biomedicine Journal
Volume:2 Issue: 2, 2014

Pregnant or lactating women and children are the two population group most vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to review the nutritional status of lactating women، as one of the main loops of the chain of effective factors on health of the generation and society، assessing the supportive nutrition programs in Iran and to provide solutions in this regard. This review was conducted in April 2014. All related articles on the databases of IranMedex، SID (Scientific Information database) and PubMed were investigated with no time limit. After reviewing the abstracts، 15 Persian articles and 13 English articles were fully reviewed. The results of the few available studies on the nutritional status of lactating women indicate deficiencies or inappropriate nutritional patterns among lactating women. Although in formulation of nutritional strategies، pregnant or lactating women and children often receive equal attention، women are practically the target of nutrition and health programs to improve the growth of the fetus and little attention have been paid to their health and nutritional needs. Nutrition of lactating women have been forgotten and solely focus on prenatal nutrition of women means ignoring the more fundamental nutritional problem in women throughout their lives. Implementing a holistic approach to health and nutrition of women instead of the traditional approach، which focuses solely on a particular period of life، leads to health promotion and ensuring the health of women and the next generation.

Deafness is the most common sensory disorder in humans which is highly heterogeneous. Among its various types، autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) is responsible for 80% of pre-speech congenital cases of hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic linkage of DFNB4 locus in hearing impaired families in Hormozgan. Ten deaf large families in the Hormozgan province were selected. A hearing impaired person was selected from each family tree and sequence of the GJB2 gene in regards of coding regions'' mutations was investigated using sequencing method. STR markers of DFNB4 locus in families with no mutation in GJB2 were amplified using PCR and after determining the type alleles، they were analyzed for linkage. In one among the ten studied families، GJB2 mutation was observed. The nine other families were entered for linkage studies and no linkage was found in the said families. Due to the high heterogeneity of loci associated with ARNSHL، other factors may be involved in the cause of deafness in families، without mutations in the GJB2 gene and the investigated locus. Therefore it is recommended to study other loci and more families in this matter.

Cattle Slaughterhouses are one of the main centers of wastewater producing facilities with high pollution load، which in the absence of proper treatment can cause a lot of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Industrial slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant in the city of Sanandaj in 2012. This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the laboratory of faculty of health، university of medical sciences in Sanandaj in the year 2012 for three months. Weekly tests of chemical oxygen demand (COD)، biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) and in total 24 times sampling of input and output for the treatment plant was performed instantly. The experiments were based on the latest proposed method in the book of standard method (the Examination of Water and Wastewater) and at the end، Microsoft EXCEL software was used for data analysis. The average COD، BOD and TSS entering the plant were 2036. 69 ± 61، 1216. 5 ± 220 and 791. 12 ± 147 milligrams per liter and their average output from the plant were 747. 71 ± 17، 517. 5 ± 8 and 306. 51 ± 8 milligrams per liter and the total average of removal efficiency for each of these parameters were 63. 29 ± 3 percent، 57. 45 ± 2 percent and 61. 25 ± 5 percentage respectively. The quality of output effluent from treatment plant of cattle slaughterhouse in Sanandaj، in almost all months was not according to effluent disposal standards and generally، the efficiency of this treatment plant is not desirable in removal of contaminants. Therefore، its efficiency should be improved by using appropriate methods.

Citrinin mycotoxin is produced by filamentous toxin producing fungi. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast has the ability to bind mycotoxins to its cell wall and thus reduce its toxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of Citrinin mycotoxin and its reduction in wheat flour by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study، 15 samples of wheat flour were randomly collected from the bakeries in the city of Babol. The amount of Citrinin contamination in samples was assessed by direct competitive ELISA measurement and then Saccharomyces cerevisiae was added to wheat flour. The amount of Citrinin contamination in the samples was measured by direct competetive ELISA for a second time. SPSS software (version 18)، Kolmogrov-Smirnov test and paired t-test was used for statistical analysis of data. The significance level for all tests was considered less than 0. 05. The highest and lowest concentration of this toxin in the studied samples were 35. 5 and 1. 1 ppb respectively، and after the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on wheat flour، 0. 8 and 30 ppb respectively. The statistical results showed that the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae decreased the amount of Citrinin in flour samples (P<0. 05). Bread is among the most important and necessary food. To reduce its contaminating materials such as mycotoxins، less expensive and safe biological methods can be used.

Job burnout is one of the inevitable consequences of occupational stress. Professional staff of social services are the first candidates of burnout، therefore this study was aimed to determine the relationship between occupational stresses with job burnout in pre-hospital emergency staff. In this cross-sectional study، 206 employees، working in 44 pre-hospital emergency bases in Golestan province were enrolled in years 2011-12. Information was obtained by occupational stress questionnaire and Maslach Burnout and then using descriptive statistics، Pearson correlation coefficient test، ANOVA، T-Test and Tukey tests the data were analyzed in SPSS software. 117 individuals (75. 5 percent) had moderate to high stress. Organizational factors (21. 62 ± 6. 05) with a mean score from 100 (65. 51) had the highest score in causing stress and physical factors (10. 44 ± 3. 43)، occupational (37. 12 ± 1. 12) and group factors (10. 54 ± 1. 12) were second and third respectively. Among all the subjects، 76. 6% had experienced moderate to high burnout. There was a significant statistical difference between job stress and age (P=0. 02)، type of employment (P=0. 048) and between burnout and education (P=0. 028) in the overall level of job stress and burnout significant correlation was observed (r=0. 335، P<0. 001). Emergency staffs work in a stressful environment، which leads to burnout، thus identifying stressors and ways to overcome these factors، especially in the corporate (management) dimension can help reduce burnout.

Job satisfaction Increases individual efficiency and commitment to the organization، ensuring the physical and mental health، life satisfaction and accelerate the learning of new skills on the job. The aim of this study was to determine the status of health professionals› satisfaction in the Golestan province. In this cross- sectional study، 1،275 health workers of Health centers in the Golestan province in the year 1391 were participated using the census method. Data was collected using Herzberg job satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software، ANOVA and t-Test at the significant level of 0. 05. Job satisfaction in terms of staff maintenance and support and given the potential and experience of individuals in granting liability were at dissatisfied level، In terms of corporate communications، career development، salary and benefits، challenges and job management، at relatively dissatisfied and from the aspect of social acceptance level was at relatively satisfied. Job satisfaction was significantly associated with work experience (P=0. 049)، ethnicity (P=0. 009) and city of service location (P=0. 001). Due to poor job satisfaction levels، effective actions should be taken to improve organizational communication، career development، salary and benefits، social acceptance، staff maintenance and support، management، Job challenges، and granting responsibilities based on the ability and experience of the individuals.

Self-care means enabling individuals to manage special circumstances، such as illness، chronic diseases and having more control over life. Women are more susceptible to serious health risks such as obesity and overweight compared to men، therefore this study was conducted in the city of Gorgan to determine the knowledge، attitude and behavior of women regarding the self-care behavior. In this descriptive- analytical study، 420 women referred to health centers of Gorgan were recruited through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the standard general self-care questionnaire. Information such as barriers and facilitators of self-care behavior، knowledge، desire and performing self-care behaviors of individuals were evaluated. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical tests in SPSS software (version16). The mean age of samples was 33. 07 ± 12. 2 years. Among all the tested individuals، 49% (n=206) had a satisfactory knowledge about Self-care، 36. 4% (n=152) had a tendency to perform self-care and 21. 8 percent (n=92) were performing self-care related activities. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and performing self-care (P= 0. 0001)، attitudes and performing self-care (P=0. 0001) and between knowledge and behavior (P=0. 0001). Due to the relative knowledge، attitude and unfavorable performance of individuals، appropriate educational interventions are recommended to increase knowledge. Moreover the awareness and attitude of the participants should also be changed using attitude change techniques such as in-depth interviews and subsequently its improvements will occur.

Prediction of health status in newborns and also identification of its affecting factors is of the utmost importance. There are different ways of prediction. In this study، effective models and patterns have been studied using decision tree algorithm. This study was conducted on 1،668 childbirths in three hospitals of Shohada، Omidi and Mehr in city of Behshahr. Variables such as baby''s gender، birth weight، birth order، maternal age، maternal history of illness، gestational diseases، type of delivery، reason of caesarean section، maternal age، family relationship of father and mother، mother''s blood type، mother''s occupation and blood pressure and place of residence were chosen as predictive factors of decision tree categorization method. The health status of the baby was used as a dependent dual-mode variable. All variables were used in clustering and correlation rules. Prediction was done and then compared using 4 decision-tree algorithms. In the clustering method، the optimal number of clusters was determined as 8، using the Dunn index measurement. Among all the implemented algorithms of CART، QUEST، CHAID and C5. 0، C5. 0 algorithm with detection rate of 94. 44% was identified as the best algorithm. By implementing the Apriori algorithm، strong correlation rules were extracted with regard to the threshold for Support and Confidence. Among the characteristics، maternal age، birth weight and reason of caesarean section with the highest impacts were found as the most important factors in the prediction. Due to the simple interpretation of the decision tree and understandability of the extracted rules derived from it، this model can be used for (most individuals) professionals and pregnant women at different levels.

Launching of the Quarterly Journal of Hakim Seyyed Ismael Jorjani in Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services is appreciated. In this article، it has been tried to address the true life and birthplace of Hakim Seyyed Ismael Jorjani from a historical perspective. It is hoped that this review will enrich this respected scientific journal so that researchers honor and appreciate Iranian scholars and physicians.