نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند
سال بیست و دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 63، تابستان 1394)

Both genetic and epigenetic changes are effective in cancer incidence and development.. .Epigenetic processes are alternations of DNA and histones conformations, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones and microRNAs patterns which are associated with genes expression or inhibition of them in cells. Some of reversible epigenetic changes such as DNA and histcone conformation alternations related to drug interaction, stabilization of telomeric quadruplex sequences, DNA hypermethylation and histone acetylation and phosphorylation have been recognized as promising novel therapeutic targets in various cancers. In the present review,. molecular mechanisms of epigenetics, epigenetic changes in tumors, and epigenetic based treatments are discussed.

Anesthesia has several side effects which are different based on the type of surgery, medication, and depth of anesthesia. The present study aimed at identifying the effect of bi-spectral index monitoring on recovery and postoperative complications in caesarean.

In this double-blinded clinical trial study with control group, 68 women who were candidates for caesarean were selected using available sampling method and were then randomly assigned in to two groups. For the control group, anesthetic maintenance drug was prescribed based on every body’s weight and hemodynamic conditions while intervention group received titrated dose of anesthetic maintenance drug as needed for maintaining bi-spectral index between 40 and 60. Data collection tool.included a researcher-designed checklist in which the time of extubation after surgery, discharge from the recovery unit (based on Aldert benchmark), and complications during recovery were recorded in addition to demographic data. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSSsoftware(V:16) using statistical independent T test, as well as Fisher Exact test. at the significant level of P<0.05.

Mean time of extubation was 7.76 ±3.12 in the control group and 3.59 ± 1.04 minutes in the intervention group (P<0.001). Mean time of discharge from recovery ward was 18.06 ± 5.92 in the control and 11.55 ±4.39 minutes in the intervention group (P<0.001). The incidence of postoperative recovery complications didn’t show any significant difference in the two groups (P>0.05).

Bi-spectral indicator, as a monitoring of the depth of anesthesia in caesarean section, speeds up the extubation time, discharge from recovery, and mother's consciousness to care their babies.

Oxidative stresses are involved in neuronal degeneration of substantia nigra and thereby induction of Parkinson's disease. It is reported that Foeniculum Vulgare L. can affect lactating and modulating dopaminergic system activity and antioxidant activity as well. In the present study, the effects of methanolic extract of Foeniculum Vulgare seeds on a Parkinson’s disease model induced by ICV injection of 6-hydroxydopamin (6-OHDA) in female rats were investigated.

In this experimental study, 60 female rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups including saline, Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s groups which were treated by different doses of the extract. Parkinson’s disease was induced by i.c.v injection of 6-OHDA. Methanolic extract of Foeniculum Vulgare seeds (100 and 200 mg/kg) was gavaged through two ways including repeated gavage (14 days before and 14 days after 6-OHDA injection) and acute gavage (once every day for 14 days after 6-OHDA injection). The induced Parkinson`s disease. was evaluated using Rotarod and Wire grasping tests on the day 14th after 6-OHDA injection.

The findings of the study demonstrated that repeated gavage of Foeniculum Vulgare extract improved motility and muscle tone in Parkinson’s animals (Pp<0.05). However, acute gavage of the extract had no significant effect on the performance of Parkinson’s animals.

Results of the current study showed that chronic administration of Feoniculum Vulgare extract may improve Parkinson’s symptoms in female rats.

Stroke is one of major causes of disability. Therefore, it is important to introduce and develop new treatment approaches in order to improve and enhance post-stroke recovery process for medical, social, and economical purposes. The present study aimed at determining the effect of mirror therapy on walking ability of patients with stroke regarding the muscular power of the affected leg.

This semi-experimental study was done on 50 stroke patients that were hospitalized in Mashhad Imam Reza and Quaem hospitals. They were randomly classified into two equal groups of control. and mirror therapy(experimental group).For the experimental group, twenty 30 –minute sessions were daily held, so that every. patient did the range of motion of lower extremitiy of the healthy side in front of a mirror and observed just its mirror image. In addition to mirror therapy, the routine program physiotherapy was performed for both groups. Power of muscle in the affected leg was assessed on the basis of a 5-score scale and every patient`s walking ability was assessed before, during, and after intervention using function ambulation classification. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software(V:11.5), using independent T, paired T,Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests.

The two groups showed no significant difference in terms of walking ability regarding the muscular power of the affected leg and confounding variables before intervention (P=0.210). Walking ability of the affected leg in mirror therapy group did not significantly improve.in comparison with the control group after intervention (P=0.756). But the walking ability regarding the muscular power of the affected leg in mirror therapy group was significantly improved in comparison with the control group in the 10th session (P=0.038).

Mirror therapy can improve walking ability of patients with stroke as a simple, inexpensive and a patient-oriented treatment.

Recognizing problems of those suffering from grief may be a precondition for an effective treatment. Therefore, conceptualization, measuring the dimensions of this phenomenon, the stages of grief, its symptoms and determining the effective therapies are very important. For this reason, and for clinical and research purposes,the present study aimed at investigating the effect of psychotherapy based on life quality improvement on anxiety of those suffering from complicated grief. The current study was a semi – experimental one with a control group pretest-post-test design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all clients referring to Kashmar consulting. centers during 2013-2014, who were recognized to suffer from complicated grief, according to DSM-V-TR. The subjects were 30 men and women who were randomly selected from the volunteers that were divided into. two groups of control and experimen. The men and women were trained for 8 sessions by psychotherapy based on the quality of life. At the end, each group took a post-test. The assessment means applied in this study was. Beck’s Anxiety Inventory. The obtained data was analyzed by means of. SPSS software (V:22) using covariance analysis. Mean groups’ pre-test and post-test anxiety score. were 23.00 ±5.27 and 15.00±4.75, respectively. Mean control group score in pre - and post-test was 24.40 ± 5.59 and 20.66 ±5. 59,respectively. The findings revealed that in case of ignoring the effect of pre-test anxiety scores as the covariant variable, the main effect of training variable on post-test anxiety scores issignificant. In other words, the table revealed that there is significant difference between mean anxiety scores of the experimental and control groups in terms of inclusion in the post-test with 99% confidence (P< 0.01). The efficacy of this intervention was 0.23. It was revealed that psychotherapy based on improving life quality improvement affects the reduction of anxiety of those who suffer from complicated grief.

The Y-chromosome azoospermic factor (AZF) regions consist of genes whose specific roles and functions in spermatogenesis and fertility have not been completely clarified. Hence, recognition of the association between AZF microdeletions and male infertility has suggestions for the diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling. The main objective of the present study was investigation of Y chromosome microdeletions in the non-obstructive azoospermic and oligospermic patients in Mashhad and identification of appropriate STS markers associated with azoospermia and oligospermia. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 45 infertile men with azoospermia and oligospermia with normal karyotypes referred to infertility center of Montaseriyeh hospital in Mashhad. Molecular screening technique was performed by using Multiplex PCR and sequence-tagged sites (STS) primers according to the EAA/EMQN guideline for detection of microdeletions in Y-chromosomal AZF regions and the Y specific sequences. Three out of 45 infertile men had deletions in the AZFc and AZFa regions. Among every 3 infertile men, two patients (7.7%) and one patient (5%) had microdeletion in the AZFc region and in the AZFa, respectively. The results indicated that AZF microdeletions had a significant effect on azoospermia and oligospermia in infertile men. Y-chromosome microdeletion analysis can be recommended as an important molecular test for infertile males to obtain reliable genetic information before the administration of assisted-reproductive techniques. It will help to decrease the cost and technical difficulty of the procedure.

Free living amoebae (FLA) are amphizoic protozoa that are widely found in various environmental sources. They are known to cause serious infections in human and animal nervous systems.. The aim of the current study was to determine the presence of Acanthamoeba spp in surface water sources in Birjand city employing microscopic culture analysis based on morphology features of the amoebae. In this cross-sectional study, 50 samples of surface water sources in Birjand city. including. parks pools, public squares, waterfronts, and water stations were collected and. transferred to the laboratory and were passed through nitrocellulose filter paper. The remained elements in the filters were cultured on non-nutrient agar (NNA) with 100μl Escherichia coli suspension. After a few weeks of using morphological features,the amoeba grown were identified. Out of the total of 50 samples cultured on non-nutrient agar (NNA), 19 (38%) samples.were morphologically polluted with Acanthamoeba spp,. In 2 samples (4%) a colony of Vahlkampfiidae were observed. The results indicated that a significant percentage of surface water sources in Birjand city was contaminated with Acanthamoeba spp. It is necessary for physicians, therefore, to take into account the diseases caused by these infectious agents. Besides, local regional health professionals should take into consideration the potential role of surface stagnant water sources in transferring these infectious agents. Placing warning signs in areas contaminated with these infectious agents seems a useful measure.

Kombucha tea is made through fermentation of sweet tea by Kombucha fungus. It has beneficial therapeutic effects in the treatment of many diseases. The present study aimed at examining the effect of Kombucha tea extract on blood sugar and blood lipid profiles in diabetes. Twenty-eight Wistar rats weighing about 250g were divided into 4 equal groups and then injected intraperitoneally (IP) with alloxan to induce diabetes. The administered concentrations were 20 and 80 mg/kg of Kombucha tea and 20 mg/kg of black ordinary tea for one month. The rats’ blood sugar and weight were tested before and after the intervention period but blood lipid parameters per either administration were also assessed at the end of the period. Mean blood sugar in the diabetic rats receiving Kombucha tea was reduced. Maximum reduction in blood sugar was observed in the group receiving Kombucha tea with concentration of 80 mg/kg. However, black tea significantly reduced blood sugar. Kombucha tea consumption for a month only reduced blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. But increased the weight and not have favorable effects on lipid profile.

Efficiency of blood request and transfusion, if purposeful, can prevent wasting of blood in hospital wards and as a result, decrease overload on the blood bank and spare various expenses..The aim of the present descriptive study was to assess the efficiency of blood utilization in Vali-Asr educational hospital in Birjand in order to take an effective step to make medical centers aware of the coordination required between blood need and blood request. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study. Blood requests in 16 wards of a hemovigilance based hospital program over the first 4-months of 2013 were included. The cross-match transfusion ratio (C/T), the transfusion index (TI), and transfusion probability (T %) were calculated. Out of 2201 cross-matched blood units only 1394 units were transfused into 624 patients.. C/T T% and TI. were <2.5, >50% and >0.5 respectively. The most C/T was in the maternity ward and the least belonged to ENT ward. In both of these wards C/T and TI were more than normal. In total for 1617 patients ordered blood with the mean age of 41.55 + 23/94 years. Out of 2201 cross-matched blood units only 1394 units were transfused for 624 patients. The overall C/T ration, TI index and T% were 1.5, 1.3, and 60.1% respectively. The overall C/T ratio and TI index obtained in this study are considered to be optimal compared with the standard figures of C/T< 2.5 and TI>5. However, blood utilization model in some wards like gynaecology was not appropriate, indicating a more effective guideline for blood order.