پژوهشنامه جغرافیای انتظامی
پیاپی 6 (تابستان 1393)

Historically, cities were safe place against wild and natural hazards for humanity. But changes have occurred in recent centuries and focus cities staggering population in urban centers, the city has become a risky environment. Security of citizens and protection of all city facilities and intelligent, planned way, the city has opened the way for the concept of passive defense. Land use planning is known as a means to ensure the security and defense of the city. This research assesses the role of religious land use (mosque) to making security for citizens in emergency and risk times. Applied method in the study is Descriptive – Analytical and existing data have analysis by ArcGIS software and Spatial Analysis and Spatial Statistics tools. Results showed that mosques have distributed in proper way in boukan city, But for the “capitation " in emergency time is "very low ", where per capita per person is less than 33 cm above the mosque in the city. Finally, the City of above five levels of user roles mosque in very good, good, fair, poor and very poor zoning, the results indicate that more than “73 percent” of the city is located in the “bad zone”.

Climate is one of the most important factors that influence the geographical and military defense, which must be considered by the designers in the field of defense and military doctrine, tactics, and even the type of troops, military equipment, clothing, logistics and maintenance. One of the chief concerns of long-term strategic planning is knowledge of the military climatic calendar in the different parts of the country. To evaluate and Zoning the defense climate conditions in the western half of the country, 45synoptic station in the period of over 23years were selected and climatic data Include temperature, relative humidity, speed and direction of wind, cloud, visibility, rain and snow were received from the meteorological organization. Then, the thresholds of climatic elements in the military operation were determined and the probability of the parameters that influence the operation was calculated. Finally to obtain a defensive climate index, using AHP model for weighting and ranking parameters. The results of this study showed that the Western half of the countries is divided into three sections include North, Middle and South. The northern part of the region, including Azerbaijan(East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Zanjan and, Ardabil), Kurdistan and Hamadan, the middle section contains Lorestan, Kermanshah and north of Ilam and south, including Khuzestan and southern parts of Ilam. In the northern and central parts of the region (in Highlands and relatively Highlands)in the months of May to October suitable(good to excellent) climate conditions and in the months of December to April unsuitable climate conditions are dominant. In low height areas of central and northern parts of the region there are unsuitable climate conditions in the months of July, August, January and February and suitable climate conditions in the other months of year. In the southern parts of the region (Khuzestan and Ilam south) between the months of May to October unsuitable conditions, in the months of December, January and February, acceptable conditions and in November, March and April, suitable conditions are dominant.

The purpose of this article understand loans for self-employment as a strategy to reduce repeat offenses for inmates and released inmates return to prison. The main issue of this research is whether expressed loans for self employment for prisoners returning to prison for repeat offenses and effective? To illustrate the main theoretical approaches to the problem of pathological social spheres, including social bonding and social control theory has been applied to this problem. Methods in this study, in addition to using available documents and interviews with target groups, the method are used. The study population consisted of all inmates who leave the care of the services and facilities of interest were care. All these population, 243 cases were analyzed statistically. The results indicate the usefulness of the modified loan income, changes in patient's quality of life issues and changes that would improve the living conditions of those things appears loans to be helpful. As the hypotheses examined, between any of the variables of gender, history of incarceration, number of dependents, waiting time to receive the loan, ethnicity, marital status, prisoners, residence (urban - rural) and migration of the released prisoners meaningful relationship with the loan effectiveness were observed for self employment, while reducing crime after release from prison with the variables, type of credit provided, the amount of funds granted, the released prisoners age, education, prisoners, released prisoners job, economic base - social spending have significant training in custody. The results of this study can be said to prevent and reduce repeat to crime and return to prison a free people, the kind of service they remove the label formal release of the prisoners, effective service delivery and control over care. This kind of action is not only the financial capital provided to them, but also as a form of social capital is seen as.

Tourism is important to the extent that many developed countries of the world such as Germany, France, Switzerland and other countries in the competition, followed by further exploiting the advantages of both economic and social – cultural, They focus oriented attention on the development of this industry has been growing. Qeshm island including places of great tourist potential with a variety of natural and human landscapes first step towards understanding the nature of the attempt to capture the effects of global organizations has taken. Founded and registered in this regard is the first geo- park in Iran and the Middle East. Qeshm Island Since its founding has gone a lot of ups and downs. But the changes that have occurred in the field of tourism in this area represents a zone of activity was increasing. Aware of the shortcomings and bottlenecks can be providing prosperity and sustainable development of the tourism sector.The purpose of this study is evaluated policies and strategies for the development of tourism in the island. Planning in this area can be its upper ranks Island in the near future strengths in the area of tourist attraction in. However, according to the order and safety of the island due to population growth in recent years tourism development is a necessity. This research is done with descriptive study - an analysis using the SWOT model. The results of this study indicate that the tourism master plan and develop strategies and policies for the short, medium and long term Can identify strengths and opportunities provide flourishing tourism sector and also to minimize the threats and weaknesses. Lack of facilities and services in the geopark sites, lack of publicity in local and foreign media, lack of skilled manpower in the field of tourism the body of Qeshm and attract foreign investment in the tourism sector Qeshm is the biggest problem. The future of social security in the region will be free of problems. And the lack of proper security measures in the areas of tourism will increase.

One of the security challenges of Iran is collective contacts, in regions that have a tribal structure socially, and insecurity is very much it this places, for example is collective struggles and tribal contacts. Trustworthy system -that had a great role in context of security in these geographical spaces- changed in recent years so this changes have straight effects on the security status in this regions. Question of this research is what are the characteristics of tribal and trustworthy structure in south Kerman, and what are these changes? Aim of this research is assessment of tribal system and role of trustworthy system of security in south Kerman. Method of data collection is questionnaire, and used from quality and quantity methods for the analyze data. Correlation and on sample t-test used for the analyze data in this research. Sample consists of 33 individual of local people, 13 individual of Confidantes and 386individual of other people. Results showed structural of tribal is regenerating so it destructed in some of tribes, and it continues in some of tribes from the other hand. Results of Quantity analysis showed the most important reasons of struggle and insecurity are quality of actions of juridical and security powers and weak social values.

In modern Contemporary with the growth of urban population and more complex aspects of economic, social, cultural city, increasing conflicts and social inequalities on the one hand and social procedural deviations and tilted the other hand, due to the decline of security in urban environments. Nowadays insecurity in urban residential neighborhoods is recognized as an urban management concern. Security considered as an indicator of access to quality of life, a concept that many effects on residential satisfaction level of the household and the relocation of residents from their residential neighborhood. In order purpose of this research is prioritize policies affecting the increase in security is urban the region 23 of Tehran. Study area due to some problems such as High population density, Deteriorated areas and informal settlements and so many problems in the field of urban security, as samples are examined. This study is based on the nature of the cross - sectional, which is expressed in the literature library and Internet research and modeling studies have been used. As well as to evaluate and ranking the components from SWOT-FANP technique is actually a compilation of the table with SWOT analysis of the network and fuzzy theory is used. The results also appropriate use of lighting, community centers, increased sense of belonging and identity by raising the quality of spaces and organizing spaces indefensible as the first and fourth priority on improving safety in the study area is known.