پژوهشنامه جغرافیای انتظامی
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1392)

oday, narcotics production and trade with a 3000 billion dollars capital turnover has become a geopolitical arena and thus can be referred as narcotics’ geopolitics. In this arena we face players in three local, regional and global levels. At the lowest level, i.e the local level, there are Afghanistan’s farmers who make the lowest profit from this illegal business despite the fact that they make great effort. At the second level , the smugglers are placed who transfer narcotics from Afghanistan to the regional markets and make different profits related to their activities. Finally, at the highest level, there are international mafia and drug cartels which are engaged in this dirty businesses at global level and while making the biggest profit, they are generally freet from prosecution and legal punishment. On the other hand, the production and smuggling of narcotics in Afghanistan has harmful consequences for its neighboring countries, particularly to the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings of this study show that Iran’s neighborhood with Afghanistan, also, its location at the main route of drug smuggling threaten the security of Iran’s western borders in particular and Iran’s national security in terms of political, security, social and cultural, in general seriously . Drug and goods smuggling, illegal border crossings, human trafficking, increase in border conflicts and insecurity, increase in murder and felony, holding people for ransom in boundary regions, and etc. are some of these threats. This paper reviews the consequences of narcotics production and smuggling for Iran’s eastern boundary regions’ security ;using a descriptive-analytical method while explaining the narcotics geopolitics in Afghanistan.

invasions and military penetrations have caused defense factor to be noticed in cities construction. Passive defense has been noticed by countries as a one of the effective and stable methods in confronting military threats. Considering the importance of this matter and the fact that the purpose of enemy in the future is to attack to the sensitive centers and to devastate the defensive and industrial infrastructures of attacked country, this article, using GIS and AHP, investigated the compatibility rate of strategic land uses of Sanandaj in relation to each other and their distributions in Sanandaj by considering qualitative and quantitative factors. The findings of research show that most of the incompatibility rate of urban land uses and critical zones are located in eastern and southeastern of Sanandaj because of the aggregation of most sensitive land uses like urban equipment and military land uses, and the other urban areas have suitable situation.

est Azerbaijan province has more than 850 km common borders with three independent political units of Turkey, Iraq and Azerbaijan and the two autonomous political units Nakhchivan and Kurdistan that have several boundary problems. Increase in smuggling and activities of opposition groups are two major challenges in this part of Iran. So, police in the West Azerbaijan Province began to obstruct the borders in 2007. In this relation, the question is whether or not the predicted objectives in the project have been achieved, in particular controlling the increase in smuggling and security challenges in the West Azerbaijan lines and boundary regions. The study uses a combination of descriptive - analytical and survey methods. In some parts of the study, documents and data of border patrols and the police have been used, and data and information have been tried to be gathered in other parts by visiting the region under study. The results of the studies and survey evidence showed positive and tangible changes have occurred in the process of reduction in smuggling and activities of opposition groups after four years of borders obstruction. Nonetheless, there are some difficulties in the path of performing this the project.

ecurity is one of the most important components and considerations of all governments and it can be studied in various sections including economic, political, social and cultural sections and at both national and international levels. Security which shows government efficiency plays an important role in the public satisfaction with the government. It is said that a government which is not able to establish an adequate level of security in its own society, will be faced a popular dissatisfaction and internal instability and, in this conditions, its survival will be endangered. Smuggling is an issue that is one of the government responsibilities and functions and the governors' treatment with this problem affect the security of society and citizens' satisfaction with the government. Although it seems that smuggling affects the economic conditions of countries, in addition to economy, it harms other aspects of government and its sovereignty. Using a documentary method, this research is an attempt to evaluate this hypothesis: “the existence of any kind of smuggling in a country affects its composing elements -territory, nation and government- and disability in controlling this problem harms security and, thus, public satisfaction with government”. This study reveals that smuggling is not only the effect of a weak and inefficient government, but also its cause. In other words, there is a cause-and-effect relation between insecurity and smuggling.

rime is a phenomenon that includes many factors such as social, economical, psychology and legal. But it seems that the main factor underlying this phenomenon is economical factors like: unemployment, poverty, unequal income distribution, inflation and etc. but the question is: how do these factors affect humans and cause the perpetration of crime? Upon study intends to tender necessary solutions in direction to arising tolerance outset and ethical outset of human in not proper economical situation, by using scientific identifying of this phenomenon, and compilation economics and psychology sciences. So from this way the incentive crime occurrence decreases. So the writers of this essay decide to prevent from occurrence of crime and villainy with compilation psychology, sociology and economic sciences, in an innovational action.