فصلنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
سال سوم شماره 10 (زمستان 1393)

International studies show that women are at risk of poverty, social disadvantage and reduction of their health more than men. In particular teenage girls and young women due to less access to education, advocacy, economic capital and skills to improve their economic status are more vulnerable. In this paper, reviewed and compared strategies for empowering girls and young women in Africa and Latin America.Source: This study done with systematic review articles method. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund Institute reports, The Adolescent Girls’ Advocacy and Leadership Initiative (AGALI) and world bank- poverty- inequality and gender group America and the Caribbean Region was assayed. 23 projects of empowerment strategies used in 24 countries and reviewed, analyzed, classified and compared. Seven strategies were extracted. These strategies includes: financial services, employment and life skills and social protection in Africa and gender equality strategies, women empowerment in agriculture, increase of women income and activation of women labour in Latin America and the Caribbean were extracted. Using of different strategies according to the needs and cultural factors, social and geographic items Recommended.

Since there is no much research on spiritual experiences of women with Thalassemia especially in professional interventions, this research was done to recognize and describe women’s spiritual experiences about Thalassemia. In this qualitative and phenomenological research, 21 women with Thalassemia were selected through a targeted sampling for interview. Data were gathered through a semi-structural interview and data qualitative analysis was done through thematic analysis. Spiritual experiences of women with Thalassemia were classified into three main subjects, i.e. “beliefs”, “internal experiences”, “helpful works” and four sub-subjects such as “internal relation with God”, “experience of spirituality pinnacle”, “suffering experience”, and “fellowmen serving”. The results of this research explicit the importance of spiritual experiences of women with Thalassemia. Spirituality improves personal, mental and social hope in women with Thalassemia. In result, it is better for social workers to pay more attention to the spiritual experiences of these patients during their professional interventions and comprehensive cares.

The purpose of this study is surveying the impact of teaching drama therapy on the happiness and self-esteem per-university girls student. Research design has been experimental and pretest and after test type with control group. The population of this study is all of the per-university girls student in Babolsar city. First, by applying the simple random sampling method we selected 2 per-university centers among 8 centers Babolsar, and of each school 2 classes and eventually 90 persons have been selected. Then between those girls which their happiness mark was in first quarter (25-51) and their self-esteem mark was less than zero to -10, 40 qualified girls were chosen by random method, 20 in experimental group and 20 in control group. Experimental group participate in 10 drama therapy teaching sessions. At the end of course both group were evaluated for second time. resulted data has been analyzed using multi variable covariance test. Results show that the teaching drama therapy has been effective on the happiness and self-esteem of per-university girls student. According to the research findings seem to drama therapy can be used as a training program to increase happiness and confidence of female students in schools.

Health is one of the most necessary concepts human’s complication world. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Emotional intelligence on General Health of divorced women. This study is experimental with experimental and control groups. Statistical population were divorced women of the Lamerd city that they had invited for use the educational classes enroll in Counseling Center and Health House of city. Method of sampling was simple sampling. Of they had enrolled, 30 had selected and had divided into the experimental and control groups randomly. First, two group filled out Goldberg and Hieler General Health Questionnaire (pretest). then the intervention programs were carried through 8 sessions of Emotional intelligence for experimental group, but the control group did not receive. In the next step, two group filled out Goldberg and Hieler General Health Questionnaire as post test, and at the end, the data was Compared by SPSS software. The results of analysis showed Emotional intelligence is effective on General Health divorced women. This way significantly had reduced the mean scores of the experimental group compared to the control group on somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression. The data have found in our study was that Emotional intelligence is a suitable way on increase of general health. In view of high prevalence of divorce and its psychological aftermaths Hence we suggest the Emotional intelligence is recommend for treat divorce psychological aftermaths and other mental problems of divorced women.

The main objective of the present study is surveying the relationship between attachment to religion and belief in the law with delinquency. The method of research was survey. 400 junior high school students in Sari city were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling method and answered to the questionnaire. Validity and reliability of questionnaire was confirmed by face validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using F and T tests and Spearman correlation coefficient. In this study, 41/1% of the sample was male and 58/9% were female. To explain the relationship between religion and belief in law with delinquency, the Hirschi’s theory of social ties was used. Results showed that attachment to religion and belief in the law variables had a significant and inverse relationship with delinquency. The test results in terms of the demographic variables showed a significant reduction in delinquency level in girls than boys. Also, the attachment to religion and belief in the law variables were more in girls than boys. Regarding significant and inverse relationship between attachment to religion and belief in the law with delinquency, it is recommended that create interest to religion in teenagers by planning for making religious programs more attractive. Also, the needed conditions for belief to law were prepared by belief to effectiveness of law and trust to law makers.

Our country is faced to many natural and unnatural disasters and accidents, and whenever across several years a horrible earthquake is caused to die many people and is caused numerous destructions. Many different organizations and people groups are involved in preventing these disasters and accidents, and if happened, they try decreasing it damages and causalities and rebuilding the damaged zones. What is especially the role of social workers and generally the social work profession in these events? How much have they had already a role, and ideally what roles can they play?Purpose of this article is examining and introducing the roles of social workers in natural disasters, especially in earthquake. Data resources: In this study, have been used internal and external resources about natural crises and disasters and the roles of social workers in them (including 12 Persian resources and 10 English resources). In this study, resources, articles, books and documents related with the subject were reviewed based on library and documentary method. The approach of social work to natural accidents and disasters that embrace a large part of population, is the crisis management, the community based crisis/disasters management, neighborhood self –relief, and community social work coordinated with other systems and organizations. Although, case work and group social work is used within community social work, social workers can play many roles both in macro level (general society and the damaged community), and in micro and meso level (about involved and damaged individuals and groups). Reviewing and analyzing these roles and being aware from them by both social workers themselves and the practicing organizations in crisis and relief and rescue management and also general public could result in the best useful from strengths and capabilities of social workers in this area.