مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و سوم شماره 5 (پیاپی 106، امرداد 1394)

Follistatin can prohibit adipocyte hypertrophy through its role in regulating the synthesis of adipose tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobic exercises and weight-loss diet on serum follistatin level in inactive middle-aged women. 39 women with an average age of 39.43±3.6 were randomly divided into four experimental groups including: aerobic, step-by-step weight loss diet(n=10), aerobics followed by step-by-step weight loss diet (n=10) and low calorie weight lose(n=10). During eight weeks: the aerobic group exercised three days a week, the step-by-step weight loss group lowered the calorie intake by 20-40% gradually, the third group did aerobic exercise simultaneously keeping step-by-step weight loss diet three times a week, and the fourth group performed their plan by lowering the calorie intake by 40% in a steady way. Moreover, the study variables were measured before and after the interventionand, the study data were statistically analyzed utilizing paired samples t-test and one-way Anova test. Serum Follistatin levels significantly increased(p<0.05) in the groups of aerobics(1.86±0.17, 1.67±0.18), step-by-step weight lose diet(1.6±0.17, 1.5±0.21), and aerobics+ step-by-step diet(1.7±0.15, 1.55±0.17), respectively, whereas in the low calorie group, the level of serum follistatin(1.36±0.11, 1.47±0.16) significantly decreased(p<0.05). The method of aerobic excercise along with the step-by-step diet can lead to achieving a healthy weight loss by increasing follistatin level and stimulating the catabolic process of body fal mass. Moreover, it may cause no ersion of fat free mass.

Background and Adipose - drived stem cells are multipotent cells that capable to diffrentiate in to osteogenic cells. On the other hand, the scaffold of chitosan and gelatin are biodegradable and compatible used for tissue repair. This study evaluated the repair of femoral bone defect using adipose-derived stem cells on gelatin – chitosan membrane in adult Albino Wistar rats by radiographic and biomechanical tests. In this study, sixty male adult rats were equally divided into six groups. 1)Normal group) that received no treatment and bone intact and is only used to compare the biomechanics, 2(Normal Foramen group) femoral bone were removed from the animal body, and were then created bone defect similar to the experimental groups for biomechanic testing, 3 (control group) received no treatment after bone defect. 4 (sham group) after bone defect, the culture medium was injected at the site of bone defect. 5 (gelatin - chitosan group) that gelatin - chitosan membrane was used in to bone defect. Group 6 that transplanted ADSCs in to bone defect. Radiograph bone opacity increased in chitosan – gelatin, cell and cell with chitosan - gelatin groups compared to control group but this difference was not significant. Biomechanical results of bone showed mean Fmax was increased in treatment groups compared to control group however the difference was not significant but compared with the normal foramen group significantly increased. It seems that scaffold of chitosan - gelatin membrane and ADSC cell transplantation appears to be effective in repair of bone defect.

Trifluralin is a widely-used herbicide that inhibits proper cell proliferation in the root of plants. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of trifluralin on immune system of the NMRI mice challenged with sheep red blood cells(SRBCs). The study population consisted of 14 male NMRI mice randomly catagorized into two equal groups and then were immunized with SRBC. The mice in the treatment group received trifluralin (5omg/kg orally-0.01 LD50) per day from the beginning of the study,which continued for 2 weeks. The results of the current study indicated a significant decrease in the levels of anti-SRBC antibody and simultaneously a significant decrease in the delayed type of hypersensitivity(DTH) in the treatment group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the level of respiratory burst of phagocytic cells, the lymphocyte proliferation index of splenocytes, as well as the spleen weight index significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the control group. The study findings revealed that trifluralin even in the low dose may lead to a significant suppression in regard with many aspects of the immune system.

Silver nanoparticles lie within the most commercialized nanoparticles due to their strong antimicrobial properties. Animal studies have recently indicated that silver nanoparticles can be transfered from mothers to their pups via the maternal milk. However, there seems to be scant information in regard with the toxicity of these nanoparticles on various organs within sensitive developmental stages. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on the developing liver of rat pups after maternal exposure(during lactation) to these nanoparticles. The lactating mothers(30 rats) were divided into two groups. The treatment and control groups orally recieved nano particles(25 mg/kg BW) and deionized water(from 1st to 12th days of lactation), respectively. The pups were killed and their livers were collected, some of which were sliced and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The concentration of Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Glutathione peroxidase activity and silver level of the pup's livers were determined utilizing spectrophotometric assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, respectively. The study results demonstrated a significant increase in malondialdehyde and silver levels(p<0.001)as well as a significant decrease in Glutathione peroxidase activity(p<0.01) and Glutathione concentration(p<0.05) of the pup's livers in the treatment group compared with those of the control group. Moreover, histopathological examination indicated sinusoidal dilatation and congestion as well as fatty degeneration in the pup's livers of the treated group. The study findings proposed that exposure to silver nanoparticles during lactation may induce toxicity in the liver of the pups, though further experiments are required in this field.

Migraine is a common debilitating headache with reversible pain attacks associated with temporal changes in the diameter of head blood vessels. According to the International Classification for the Headache Society, migraineurs are divided into two main categories: migraine with aura and migraine without aura. The present study aimed to investigate the association between COX-2-765G →C genetic polymorphism and the risk of migraine. In this study, genomic DNAs related to the blood tissues of 100 migraine patients and 100 controls were extracted and purified. The expected region of COX-2 gene was amplified utilizing the appropriative COX-2-765G→C (rs20417) primer in the PCR process. Then, the enzyme digestion was performed using RFLP manner and Aci I restriction enzyme. Moreover, the SPSS software (version 20) was applied in order to analyze the study data. The study results revealed that the frequency of the COX-2-765CC and COX-2-765CG genotypes in migraine cases were significantly higher than those of controls. The study findings demonstrated that COX-2-765G→C polymorphism can increase the risk of migraine susceptibility. However, further studies are necessitated to be conducted on larger samples in different nations in other parts of the world in order to assess the role of COX-2 gene variants in the migraine development.

Scaffold has therole of the extracellular matrix in regulating cell survival and it is an important component in tissue engineering techniques. One of the scaffolds that was used in this field, was PLLA (poly L-lactic acid) which was usually prepared by electro spinning method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of nano-porous PLLA membrane on proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. PLLA nano-porous membranes were prepared by phase separation process. To identify the type of polymer used in its construction, FTIR analysis was performed. Then, dental pulp mesenchymal cells were cultured on a nano-membrane and nano-membrane-free environments, simultaneously. After attachment of the cells on the bottom of the plate, the biocompatibility and cell proliferation was assessed in a two-week period using MTT test on the fifth, seventh and ninth days of cell culture. The ultra-structure and adhesion of mesenchymal cells on the membrane were evaluated using scaning electron microscopy(SEM). Nano Membrane potential had good biocompatibility and the cells had penetrated into the surface membranes properly. The viability of mesenchymal cells cultured on nano-membranes were significantly higher than the control group. The highest effect of nano-membrane on cell viability was seen on the ninth day and the lowest effect was seen on the fifth day. Due to the biodegradable and non-toxic properties of nano PLLA membrane, it could increase the adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and these effects will exacerbated over time.

Chrome is regarded as an essential nutrient required for glucose and lipid metabolism, specifically in diabetic patients. Converting mineral form of chromium to organic as well as increasing its absorption seem to have more fruitful therapeutic effects due to the synergistic effect of these two anti-diabetes compounds(yeast and chromium). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of iron and chromium-enriched yeast with a probiotic nature on blood factors in diabetic male rats. In this laboratory experiment, 49 Wistar male rats weighed 30±200 were randomly divided into 7 groups and then were induced with diabetes via an intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. Organic chrome was prepared via chromium enrichment in yeast cells, food treatment by dissolving the yeast and iron of different concentrations in physiological serum, which was sprayed in the rats’ food. Furthermore, blood factors such as glucose were measured applying enzymatic method via an auto analyzer. The study data were analyzed utilizing one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results of the current study revealed a significant reduction in blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, though a significant increase was observed in HDL of the male rats treated with iron as well as with iron and organic-chromium combination. Moreover, it was demonstrated that iron diet could significantly increase the blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, whereas it simultaneously decreased HDL in diabetic male rats(p <0.05). The study findings revealed that yeast enriched with probiotic-derived chromium can lead to appropriate changes in blood glucose, and serum lipids in diabetic rats. Moreover, treatment with iron increases glucose levels and causes undesirable changes in blood serum lipids of diabetic rats.

Intellectual disability can affect all aspects of an individual's life. On the other hand, applying parenting educational programs has been associated with effective outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of positive parenting program(Triple-P) on parental self-efficacy and mother-child interaction in children suffering from the intellectual disability. In the present study, pre-test, post-test design with a control group was used. Forty mothers of children suffering from intellectual disability were randomly selected from exceptional schools of Tehran province. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups(20 per group). The former group participated in 10 training sessions of positive parenting program(twice a week; each session lasted 60 minutes), whereas the latter group did not receive any specific training. The study data were gathered via parenting self-agency measure and parent-child relationship scale. Moreover, the data were analyzed using SPSS software(version 22) via multiple analysis of covariance. The study results revealed a significant difference between experimental and control group at least in one of the scales of the parental self-adequacy or mother-child interaction. Furthermore, positive parental program training demonstrated a significant positive effect on parental self-efficacy and mother-child interaction. The findings of the present study proposed that as enhancing parenting skills leads to an increase in parental self-efficacy as well as mother-child interaction within children suffering from the intellectual disability, it seems essential to plan training the positive parenting program for mothers of such children.

Dental amalgam is regarded as a popular restorative material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons of replacing amalgam restorations in patients referring to Babol dental school within 2013-2014. In this analytic-descriptive study, age, sex, type of occlusion DMF, existence of parafunction, as well as type of tooth, restoration class and reason of amalgam restoration replacement were recorded in patients referred to the Babol dental school during 2013-2014. Furthermore, the study data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Within 263 patients, there were 81(30.8%) men and 182(69.2%) women. Most patients aged 30-40(42.2%), and were reported to suffer from class Ι dental occlusion(92.4%).The mean DMF was 9.7±2.4. Lower molars were demonstrated as the most frequent teeth group for replacing amalgam restorations as well as causing secondary caries. Furthermore, secondary caries involved the major causes of amalgam restoration replacement. The most prevalent class for amalgam restoration replacement was class II restorations. It should be noted that secondary caries were most prevalent within class II MO / DO(25 cases(44.6%)). The study findings revealed that the most common cause of the restoration replacement involved the secondary caries which was most observed in the Class II restorations.

Breast cancer is regarded as one of the most common female cancers in the world. Many efforts have been made to treat the breast cancer, among which surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can be mentioned. There is an increasing interest regarding using herbal preparations as a promising source of new anti-cancer drugs because of their safety profile and efficient pharmaceutical potentials. Since citrullus colocynthis proposes some cytotoxic effects against cancer, the present study aimed to explore the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of C. colocynthis fruit on the viability and expression level of Caspase-3 in MCF-7 cell line. In this laboratory study, the MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated by different concentrations of Citrullus Colocynthis ethanol extract for 24, 48 and 72 h. The extract effect on cell viability was assessed by trypan blue staining. The RNA extraction was performed, and after the construction of cDNA, expression of Caspase 3 was analyzed via Real-Time PCR. The obtained results revealed a noticeable dose and time dependent reduction in viability of C. colocynthis in the treatment group compared to the control samples. Moreover Real-Time PCR results demonstrated that the expression of Caspase3 gene at 48 and 72 hours after extract treatment significantly increased compared to the control cells. It can be concluded that citrullus colocynthis fruit extract can destroy cancer MCF-7 cells, which is resulted from an increase in caspase 3 gene expression.