نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 63، پاییز 1394)

National identity is a modern concept. It has evolved within the context of modernity and the essence of the new world. Newly established states have found their essential to rely on tradition and historical heritage in order to consolidate their existence and legitimacy. However, in some nations, such a national awareness is not just an outcome of modernity but it is deeply rooted in their history. In other words, the awareness of identity and nationality has been a prerequisite to the formation of "nationalist" movements that urged for "nation building". To study the national identity in Iran, it is very important to outline what has been accomplished in Iran under Sassanids and Safavids to craft a state. This study, through outlining manifestations of Iranian national identity in the history of Iran, aims at showing how the Iranian national identity was formed, evolved and endured in pre-modern times and reached as a heritage the contemporary times.

The extent and distribution of studies conducted in the field of religious identity is such that there is no coherent image and vision of the data and scientific findings in the area of measurement and analysis of factors affecting religious identity. Therefore, a systematic review of the conducted scientific research, evaluation of the methodology and findings of these investigations as well as the way religious identity has been assessed in them can be an effective step to draw a comprehensive picture of the conducted studies. Accordingly, while classifying and integrating the conducted studies in the field of religious identity, the present study answers the question of how religious identity has been defined and measured in previous research. "Meta-synthesis" method was applied to answer this question in a way that after integrating the studies, analyses were presented. The results indicate that there has been little organized effort to study religious identity with a local and comprehensive approach. This negligence is visible both theoretically and methodologically from the part of humanities and social sciences researchers. On the other side, many studies conducted in this field do not have a similar perception of religious identity in a way that a type of reductionism is seen in the definition and measurement of this concept by researchers.

The culture of holy defense is an aspect of the culture that linked to the life and how people act in different issues in preservation of the ideals, values and land-related threats in the field of sustainability of the country in the eight years of holy defense. This culture manage the orientation patterns of the various issues related to independence, stability and development of the country and prepare the people and the community for different actions. Determining the details of defensive culture and criteria and requirements related to its is important and should systematically attempted to design the culture of holy defense. So, the aim of this paper is to develop a model to explain the pattern of holy defense culture. The research method is descriptive analysis and the data collection is library method aims to explain the different dimensions of the holy defense in Iran. The results of research indicate that a variety of dimensions, components and meaningful indicators of holy defense is rooted in the Iranian Islamic identity.

The present research examines the attitudes of facebook users toward multiple identities with gauging attitudes of 300 students of Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. Results show variances of individual identities are most equal. Upside down global and religious identities are more outspread than others. This means that some students are advocate themselves to global and religious identities at "much" and "very much", and some others are in lower ranks. In addition of variance is approves the distance of maximum and minimum score of identities outspread. Also results show obtaining global identities reduce national and individual identities and also increase the level of self redefining. Assertive in global environments, paying attention to global issues as a national citizen and efforts to adopting religious beliefs with new environment cause interconnectedness of students identities attitudes in cyber space.

This research is based on the theory of social order, as well as critical theory, studies the effect of social factors affecting social alienation of women. The study is surveying, and in terms of performance is applicational. The statistical population is working women in Khorramabad that its sample size of 310 people is selected using Cochran formula. By distributing questionnaires in multi-stage cluster Sampling method and data analysis using spss software, the results showed that social alienation is high, particularly in employees at office sector and among those with low level of education. Also, a meaningful relationship was confirmed among the social effectiveness, social trust, social satisfaction and experiencing the role conflict with the social alienation. Finally, the results showed that based on beta coefficient and path analysis, about 62% of the changes in women's social alienation is explained by the independent variables.

Start of political protests in Syria in 2011, provided a proper opportunity for involvement of different political actors including Takfiri groups in Syrian political scene. These groups changed the peaceful protests to violent one after their engagement. Concerning their violent political behavior and scope of their power and activities, undrestanding of their nature is necessary question to be adressed. This descriptive-analytical article, inspired by the theory of social cleavages and multi-layer level of analysis theory, is based upon this statement as hypothesis: Takfiri groups have multi-faceted nature. In one hand they represent sectarian nature, based on religious-centered, majority-minority relationship and historical and cultural cleavage of Syrian society and in the other show their multi-national, external-oriented and instrumental aspect which reflet the geostrategic and geopolitical interests of foreign regional and ultra-regional actors such as U.S.A, Saudia Arabia and Turkey.

In the process of economic growth and strengthening the national identity, the development of cooperation is planned to promote a spirit of cooperation and collective action to achieve common goals in a learned society. In order to meet the basic needs, including opportunities to work for all and reach to full employment, the importance of the cooperative sector is not only referred as the pillars of the national economy and its constitution, but also consistent with the teachings of Islam. Increment in social capital levels and participation incentives are incredible parts of sustainable development. In this regard, considering the cooperative development strategy in the economy plays an important role in promotion of national production and national capital and workers aids as well. Also it has a crucial effect on national consensus and social adhesion. The main purpose of the study is to find out the cooperative's role in economic life and national culture of the society and further to study the evolution of cooperative and participation motives pre and after the Islamic revolution of Iran, using available data on variables and after that, considering the effect of nutrition of consensus spirit and social capital on society. The results show that the cooperative sector in the years after the Islamic revolution has enjoyed significant growth and increasing impact on national production, employment and also participation motives in the society. Moreover it has been concluded that the number of cooperatives, cooperative members and rate of employment during the years 1991-2010 have increased.

The main purpose of this article is the analyses the phenomenon of the identity distinctions between Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia based on Wahhabi Salafism in the the Middle East. The question of this article is what the position of Saudi Salafism in the identity politics of this country? The Argument (hypothesis) of the study is the fact that the foreign policy of Saudi Kings, Abdullah and Salman (the current king) is based on "Salafi pragmatic". This strategy has become the part of the policy of the Saudi in the region. Consequently, the politics of influence is based on a containment policy against Iran and identity politics of Islamic Republic of Iran. The article First try to review Salafism and ideological dissemination policy and the role of identity politics in Saudi foreign policy. Finally we studied the strategy of saudi’s policy in security and identity politics of Islamic Republic of Iran. Method of data collection is based on the library procedure and documents.