نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیستم شماره 5 (پیاپی 100، امرداد 1394)

Cadmium is a toxin which reduces the ability of the reproduction in humans. Different antioxidants damaging effects of toxins are eliminated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of lycopene and Ellagic acid induced by cadmium chloride on the gonadal tissue of newborn rats during pregnancy. In the present experimental study, 30 adult female Wistar rats (180-200 gr) were prepared and maintained in standard conditions. The female rats were used for mating with the male. After observation of vaginal plaque, pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 rats. Group I (normal): They were given normal saline in 13 days during pregnancy. Group II (Control): Cadmium chloride (1.5 mg / kg/ IP) was injected and normal saline was given to them in 13 days of during pregnancy. Group III: Cadmium chloride (1.5 mg / kg/ IP) was injected and ellagic acid (10 mg/kg/orally) in 13 days were injected during pregnancy. Group IV: Cadmium chloride (1.5 mg / kg/ IP) was injected and copene acid (20 mg/kg/orally) was injected in 13 days of during pregnancy. Group V: Cadmium chloride (1.5 mg / kg/ IP) was injected and ellagic acid (10 mg/kg/orally) and lycopene acid (20 mg/kg/orally) were injected in 13 days during pregnancy. After postpartum, Neonatal rats were anesthetized with ether. Animals were dissected, then the testes and Ovaries were removed and transferred to 10% formalin solution. After tissue processing, tissue sections were prepared and H&E stained. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA test. Average number of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, Leydig, and the number of seminiferous tube in control group were compared to other groups that were treated with lycopene - ellagic acid and ellagic acid had been reduced-proves to be significant(P <0.05). Average diameter of seminiferous tube in control group compared to other groups that are treated with lycopene - ellagic acid and ellagic acid had been reduced-proves but is not significant. Mean primordial follicle diameter and number of primordial of ovary tissue in control group compared to other groups that were treated with lycopene - ellagic acid and ellagic acid had been increased-proved to be significant(P <0.05). The results showed that the combined treatment of ellagic acid and lycopene-ellagic acid may have reduced the toxic effects of cadmium chloride and may have improved the process of replicating the sex cells.

Chemerin is a new adipocytokine which has recently been discovered and has an important role in the metabolic syndrome. It plays a role in the regulation of adiposite and glucose metabolism of liver and skeletal muscle. In the present study the effect of a three-month intensive intermittent training on plasma chemerin and some factors related to body composition on overweight males was investigated. The present Quasi-experimental designed study used pre-test post-test for control and experimental groups. Twenty students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences with BMIs between 25 and 30 kg / m2, were purposefully selected and randomly and equally put in the experimental group with mean of (age: 22.40±4.49, weight: 93.60±4.64, height: 177±4.49) and in the control group with mean of (age: 22.60±1.42, weight: 93.20±3.15, height: 176.30±3.94). Experimental group practiced in a high-intensity interval training program for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 90% maximum heart rate. Before and after exercise, plasma chemerin levels, weight, body fat percentage, body mass index and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for the normalization of the data. For within-group and between-group differences t-test (dependent and independent, respectively) was run (P≤ 0.05). Results showed that three-month of high-intensity interval training of running had a significant effect on decreasing the plasma chemerin levels, body weight, body fat percentage, BMI (P=0/0001), and WHR (P=0/012) in the experimental group compared to control group. Significant differences were observed for within group (P≤0/05). It seemed that three-month of high-intensity interval training as a non-invasive and non-pharmaceutical way could have a positive effect on reducing the levels of chemerin and some anthropometric indicators associated with obesity and overweight.

Introduction & To achieve high performance and health, it’s better to use additives in the human diet which have beneficial effects on good bacteria and damaging effect on the harmful bacteria. For this purpose, effects of Chavill extract on growth, viability and death of lactobacillus and salmonella, in skimmed milk and imaging gastric-intestine media were studied in vitro conditions. This study was investigated in two completely randomized experiments with three levels of Chavill extract. In the first experiment, ability of the Chavill extract in Skim Milk medium was examined to survey survival, proliferation and death of beneficial and pathogenic gut bacteria. The second experiment which was down in the simulation of simulated gastric juice and simulated small intestine juice, the effect of Chavill extract on survival, proliferation and death of the bacteria were investigated. Treatments in both of experiments were three levels of Chavill extract (0, 1, and 3 %) for three probiotic bacteria species. Data were analyzed with SAS 9.1 software and their means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range test at a significance level of 5 %. By increasing of Chavill extract concentration to 1%, probiotic bacterial counts significantly increase compared to control treatment and the differences were significant and the count of Salmonella typhimurium difference with control significantly decreased. Using 3% Chavill extract compared to 1% extract, increased number of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum, decreased number of Lactobacillus casei, inhibit growth of Salmonella typhimurium bacterium and block growth of this bacterium. The second experiment on simulated gastric juice showed that numbers of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria increased and Lactobacillus casei and Salmonella typhimurium decreased. Also, findings of bacterial survival on simulated small intestine juice showed that there was no significant difference in bacterial on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum. Results showed that Chevill have good effects on binifical bacteria of digestive system and increases the number of beneficial bacteria and have harmful effects on pathogenic bacteria. It seemed that this plant could be used in diets and also for diseases causing imbalances of normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract.

The therapeutic effects of traditional medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for many diseases have been proved. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of oral administration of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Nectaroscordum tripedale on biochemical factors. Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of 8 animals as follows; control group (recieved distilled water), control +50 mg/kg Nectaroscordum tripedale, diabetic control group (recieved distilled water), treatment group 1 (recieved 50mg/kg Nectaroscordum tripedale), treatment group 2 (recieved 100 mg/kg Nectaroscordum tripedales). The animals recieved Nectaroscordum tripedales extract by gavage for 21 days. Diabetes was induced by a single injection streptozotocin in rat (50 mg/kg b.w., ip). Before and 3 days after injection, 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment, the fasting glucose level and weight was measured. At the end of 21 days, blood samples collected from the heart puncture, after animals anesthetized with ether. The blood samples were analysed for lipid profile (total cholesterol, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c). The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Nectaroscordum tripedale could increase the average weight and decrease glucose in this period and also reduce cholesterol levels, triglyceride, and LDL-c dose dependent reduction at the end of 21 days (P <0/05). The hydroalcoholic extract of Nectaroscordum tripedale showed an overall beneficial effect on serum lipid profiles and biochemical factors. Nectaroscordum tripedale may act as an antidiabetic agent by increasing either the pancreatic secretion of insulin from the pancreas or its release from bound insulin and increasing insulin and improving pancreatic function. Moreover, the antioxidant properties may reduce the hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase.

Solution-focused brief therapy is one of the postmodern therapeutic approaches in the area of family and marriage, which puts emphasis on finding solutions by the client in cooperation with the therapist. The current research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy on reducing couple burnout and improvement of the quality of life of married women. The current research is an interventional and quasi-experimental study which uses pretest-posttest with control group. The population of this research included all the women who attended the center of mental health helpers in bojnoord city during the summer of 1393 (2014), which were seeking to attend the treatment plan in order to resolve their marital problems. Based on available sampling and after the initial screening, 30 women who were qualified to participate in the research and who gained one standard deviation below the mean in the questionnaire were selected and they were placed in two groups of experiment and control through random assignment. The research tools were Pains couple burnout measurement 1996 (CBM) and the world health organization quality of life questionnaire 1996 (WHOQOL), that were completed by the participants in pretest and posttest stages. The treatment sessions of solution-focused brief therapy were performed in 7 two-hour sessions in groups and step-by-step for the participants of the experiment group, but the control group did not receive any intervention and they were put on the waiting list. The data were analyzed through MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance) in the statistical software of SPSS, version 18. The results indicated that after performing the solution-focused intervention, marital burnout among the women in the experiment group has reduced and their quality of life has been improved.no significance change was seen in the control group. The solution-focused brief therapy is effective in reducing marital problems. This brief therapeutic method can be used in counseling centers and family education classes in order to improve marital problems of the clients.

Adolescence is an important period of human development. Adolescents have to cope with various common stressors. Therefore, adolescence often has been thought of as a peak time of stress. Stress is one of the aspects of a students’ daily life. Stress can lead to physical and psychological complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on school psychological well-being and school satisfaction on teenage girls in Urmia, Iran. The present quasi experimental pretest-posttest plan with 2 groups was selected to conduct this study and well-being and life satisfaction (school satisfaction component) questionnaires were used to collect data. The population of this study was adolescent girls aged 15-14 years in the 2010-2011 academic years. Thirty female students were selected through random sampling technique. They were placed in 2 groups of 15 subjects (1 control group and 1 experimental group). After the Pre-test, the participants in experimental group were given cognitive-behavioral techniques training for 1/5 hours in 10 session. The control group did not received any training in all these session. After these sessions, the groups were evaluated once again. analysis of t-test showed that post-test well-being and school satisfaction of 2 groups showed a meaningful difference. Difference between pre-test and post-test score in experimental group and control group in psychological well-being was significant (p= 0/01). It could be claimed that results were product of operation (99% level of confidence). Also, the difference between pre-test and post-test score in experimental group and control group in psychological well-being was significant (p= 0/95). It could be claimed that results were product of operation (95% level of confidence). training of cognitive-behavioral stress management techniques increased well-being and school satisfaction in experimental group in comparison with control group. Cognitive-behavioral stress management training could be used as an independent manner and/or with other therapies to increase school satisfaction and psychological well-being.

Peoples’ mental health in improvement of society’s national and ideal aims have the main and most importance such as thriftiness in material and spiritual costs. Work fatigue is the result of severe decrease of person’s capabilities sources that counter with long –time stress, especially work stress. This study was designed with the aim of investigating the relationship between mental health and work fatigue at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Method of investigation: The present co-operation – descriptive study was conducted on 274 participants from 961 organization employees and deputyships of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2014 who were chosen randomly. In order to collect data, Maslach questionnaire of mental health condition and work fatigue was used. Data were analysed with statistical tests of the interconnection index Pearson and Friedman’s test. There was no significant relationship between mental health and work fatigue dimensions (p<0/05). A meaningful relationship was observed between studied models after usage. High attention and metamorphosis of personality had the least importance. When employees have full mental health and job satisfaction, the ability to achieve maximum efficiency in the organization is reachable.

Many problems are associated with infertility diagnosis, especially for women. Resiliency is one of the strategies which may reduce psychological distress of infertile women. The aim of current research was to study the effectiveness of existential psychotherapy in increasing the resiliency of infertile women. The design of the present study was a semi-experimental research with pretest and posttest with control group. Statistical population consisted of all infertile women of Dehdasht, Iran, in the summer of 2014. Samples were selected at first by available sampling method and after completing resiliency questionnaire, and obtaining score for enter to research, were placement using random sampling method in two experimental and control groups (N = 8 per group). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of group counseling based on existential approach and control group received no intervention. The gathered data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results showed that significant differences between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group existed. This difference was significant at the level of 0.01. Therefore, it seemed that existential psychotherapy increased the resiliency of infertile women. The results revealed that existential psychotherapy increased resiliency of infertile women and interventions based on this approach will lead to the improvement of the mental health.