Journal of Dentomaxillofacil Radiology, Pathology and Surgery
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Summer 2015

Introdouction: The high prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) of endodontic origin raises an important public health problem. Root canal treatment (RCT) and crown restoration (CR) have an effect on its prevalence. This cross-sectional study was performed to assess the effect of RCT and CR on the prevalence of AP. Two observers assessed 608 teeth with RCT belonging to patients who were referred to the radiology ward of the dental school at the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, in 2011–2012 in the form of 152 panoramic radiographs. The quality of RCT, including length/ density of root restoration, and crown restoration and the prevalence of AP were recorded from patients’ medical files. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression model using SPSS (ver. 19). The frequency of AP in teeth with RCT was 50.5%. Appropriate CR and RCT was observed in 348 (57.2%) and 168 (30.6%) of teeth, respectively. Furthermore, 36.8% of teeth with appropriate and 68.8% with inappropriate crown restoration showed AP, and the difference was significant (p < 0.001). Prevalence of AP was significantly lower in teeth with acceptable RCT than in those with unacceptable RCT (p < 0.001). Teeth with unacceptable RCT/CR showed AP 6 times more frequently than teeth with acceptable RCT/CR. The findings showed that a considerable number of teeth in Yazd had RCT/CR with unacceptable results and that the quality of both RCT and CR may affect the prevalence of AP. Therefore, considerable efforts are required to improve endodontic and restorative treatment standards.

Head and neck sarcomas involve a group of rare malignant diseases with a high histological variability involving various anatomical sites that can lead to under-reporting of the true incidence of these neoplasms. This study aimed to epidemiologically investigate the occurrence of sarcomas of the head and neck within the past 20 years in Yazd, Iran (1994– 2014). In this descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, 16114 patient’s records with malignant tumors were examined via the census method, which were available in the archives of 8 main treatment centers in Yazd, Iran within a 20-year period. Age, sex, occupation, habitat, type of sarcoma, tumor location and grade, metastasis, recurrence, and history of head and neck irradiation were recorded. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 17. Among 586 cases of sarcomas, 59 cases (10.06%) were identified with head and neck sarcomas. The mean age of the patients was 32.22 ± 8.31 years, of which 26 (44.01%) patients were males and 33 (55.9%) were females. Soft tissue sarcomas were noted in 41 cases (69.5%); rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common (27.1%). Eighteen (30.5%) patients had hard tissue sarcomas; osteosarcoma (15.3%) was the most common. Soft tissues of the head and neck were the most (49.20%) involved sites. Most sarcomas were low grade. In 5 patients (8.5%), metastases occurred to the head and neck, and the tumor relapsed in 16 patients (27.1%). The findings of the current study were inagreement with those of other reports referred to in different studies. This suggests that the epidemiology of head and neck sarcomas in Yazd, Iran is similar to other geographical regions.

Introdouction: Injection of local anesthesia during dental procedures can induce metabolic changes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the serum blood glucose levels after the injection of lidocaine with a vasoconstrictor during tooth extraction. In this clinical trial study, we enrolled 60 patients. We extracted mandibular teeth by using inferior alveolar nerve block. We took a finger blood sample test from each enrolled patient immediately before and 10 min after local anesthesia administration. The anesthetic solution (1.8 mL carpule) contained lidocaine and 1:80,000 epinephrine. It was injected through the inferior alveolar nerve after negative aspiration. Only one carpule was injected into each patient. This study is approved by the ethics committee of the research center of Azad University of Medical Sciences. The mean age of the patients in our study was 39.54 ± 15 years. Thirty-five patients were male, and 25 were female. The serum blood glucose level was 111.6 ± 25.47 mg/dL before local anesthesia and 115.3 ± 24.39 mg/dL after tooth extraction (P = 0.418). Eleven female patients and four male patients had a reduction in the blood glucose levels after injection. There was a significant difference between these groups (P = 0.01). According to our findings and previous reports, using local anesthesia during tooth extraction does not induce hypoglycemia and could increase the serum blood glucose level in individuals.

Introdouction: The major demand for orthodontic treatment is associated with esthetic complaints rather than with the severity of occlusal irregularities. This study evaluated the relationship between orthodontic treatment need based on index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON) and orthodontic- specific quality of life (QOL) among high school students in Shiraz. Based on the correlation between ICON and QOL score (r = 0.254) with α = 0.05 and an estimated power of 80%, 118 high school students (49 girls and 69 boys) aged 15-18 years were selected for this analytical cross-sectional study. The students were randomly selected. The need for orthodontic treatment was determined according to ICON and was compared with QOL, which was assessed using Cunningham’s questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by SPSS-21 using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney tests. (p<0.05) Analysis based on Spearman’s correlation coefficient, showed no significant association between QOL score and ICON (r=0.95, p=0.282), Mann-Whitney test did not show a significant difference between boys and girls. QOL score was considerably higher in boys (median = 18.50, mean ± SD = 14.82 ± 18.5) compared with girls (median = 9.00, mean ± SD = 14.3 ± 15.02) (p = 0.58). No significant difference among boys and girls in relation to orthodontic treatment need was observed, although girls had a significantly lower QOL score than boys. Correlation between orthodontic treatment need and its impact on QOL was also not significant. Therefore, dental esthetics has a greater impact on social acceptance and self-concept among girls.

Introdouction: Implants are considered to be a useful treatment for the replacement of lost teeth. Although the success rate and durability of implants are high, the prevalence of peri-implantitis is high as well. The purpose of this study was to analyze the knowledge of general practitioners in the city of Rasht in Northern Iran regarding peri-implantitis and its treatment. This descriptive, cross-sectional research was conducted among general practitioners working in the city of Rasht. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire, which included two parts of personal information; and their knowledge about the peri-implantitis disease. Of 100 general practitioners who filled out the questionnaires, between 23-88 % answered correctly with a mean of 54.1%. The knowledge of 6% of dentists was poor, 74% average, and 20% good. There was no meaningful connection between age, sex, and job experience of the dentists and their knowledge of peri-implantitis diseases. The rate of dentists’ knowledge in the city of Rasht regarding peri-implantitis diseases and their knowledge of treatment were average. Thus, continuous training sessions and workshops regarding peri-implantitis diseases are suggested for their improvement.

Introdouction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common form of oral cancer, requires early diagnosis and suitable treatments. Fascin is a protein involved in cell adhesion and is increased in expression in certain types of carcinomas. The present study was conducted to assess fascin expression in OSCC using an immunohistochemical technique. In the present retrospective study, 25 paraffin blocks of OSCC samples were selected and immunohistochemically stained for detection of fascin expression. Fascin expression rate was calculated as the sum of stained cells (scores from 0 to 4) and staining intensity (scores from 0 to 3). Samples collected from 18 men and 7 women, with a mean age of 57.42 years, were assessed, which showed that the most usually affected sites were the gingiva and the tongue. Fascin expression was positive for all the samples and had the highest possible score (24 cases with score 7 and 1 case with score 6). Fascin expression level was not found to have a significant relationship with age, gender, and tumor location (P > 0.05). The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (18) via chi-square analysis, independent T test and One way Anova p <0.05 was considered significant. Irrespective of the clinical parameters, fascin expression is possibly involved in the etiology of OSCC; target therapy medicines can therefore be used in the future to treat this malignancy.