فصلنامه سالمند
پیاپی 35 (زمستان 1393)

. Relative and absolute reliability are the important aspects of the test that many clinical decisions are based on them. in many cases, the only basis for the decision is relative reliability while the absolute reliability is also very important. This study aimed to measure and calculate the relative and absolute reliability of Sit To sand-5 repetition. 11 community-dwelling older adults 65 years and older (69.64±3.585) and 20 healthy young in the age range 20 to 35 years (28.80±4.15) using Sit to Stand-5repetition were evaluated twice with an interval of 2 to 5 days. The " Minimal Detectable Changes " in seniors was 29.5 seconds and Youth 3.02 seconds and "Coefficient of Variation" were 27% and 19% respectively. The results of this study showed in assessing progress during treatment sessions or judgment about progression or regression, elderly people must more change than young to consider change as a real change not accidentally.

The present study investigated the effectiveness of horticultural therapy on increasing of self esteem and general health in seniors. The study design was semi experimental. The study population was all of seniors that lived in nursing home residents of Tehran in 1392 that 24 of them were selected by convenience sampling method. Then, we assigned them in control (12 people) and experimental (12 people) groups. For gathering data we used Cooper Smith self-esteem inventory and General Health Questionnaires (GHQ). The entry criteria were obtaining low score in self esteem inventory and obtaining high score in General Health Questionnaire. Also exit criteria were relinquishment of any of subjects to continue of research process. The experimental group was exposed to 13 sessions of gardening instruction and all equipment of gardening provided by researcher for all of groups’ members. Then, both groups completed mentioned tools twice at the end of gardening therapy: at the post test and follow up stage (3 month later). Data analysis was performed by using of variance with repeated measures. results showed that there is a significant difference between mean scores of general health and self esteem in post test and follow up stages compared to pre test stage. In other words, gardening therapy for increasing of self esteem and general health in seniors has been successful. Horticultural therapy can improves general health and self esteem of seniors who living in nursing homes. Also as a non-drug treatment and low cost for other groups of patients is recommended.

The world population is aging rapidly because of rising life expectancy and deacrising fertility rate.with increasing longevity and special aging problems attention and evaluation the quality of life of elderly for health promotion would be significant importance.

this study is a descriptive and analytical study carried out to investigate the quality of life of elderly clients coveraged bye health centers of southern of tehran, in 2010-2011.132 elderly clients were selected by using the cluster randomised sampling from 5health centers. in this study a short form standard questionnaire (sf36)was used for evaluation diverse domains of life quality scores.we also measured some other personal characteristics through demographic questionnaire. data were analyzed with descriptive and analytic statistics by spss software.

.the mean score of physical domains of quality of life which was 54/42±24/42and emotional domain of quality of life was 55/19±24/04. mean age was 67/97 ±6/86.research showed age had meaninful reverse relationship to quality of life (p=0/000,r=-0/4),men had higher quality of life scores than women.education level was directly related to all domains of life quality.(p=0/000).married persons and who they lived with childerns or others had the higher quality of life scores than singles(divorced,widow)(p<0/001).and physical activity was directly related to quality of life. .(p=0/000).but statistically significant differences were not found between the mean score of quality of life and BMI.(physical domain:p=0/59-emotional domain:p=0/127).notsmokers had higher quality of life scores than smokers.(p<0/05).

total score of quality of life of elderly was moderate(54/81). therrefore attention and try to improving the quality of life of elderly clients is essential.

The effect of six weeks balance training program on kinematic of walking in women elderly people Abstract The aim of this present study was to examine the effect of 6 weeks balance training on some of the kinematic features of walking in elderly women. For this purpose, 20 elderly women with the mean and standard deviation of the age 67.72± 4.48, weight 67.27±6.56Kg and hieght 155±0.036cm whose static and dynamic balance was at the standard level according to the results of BBS and TUG tests participated voluntarily in this study. They were randomly divided to control and experiment groups. Subjects in each group took part in a walking test in a pre-test session followed by a post-test after 6 weeks. During this period, subjects in the experiment group did the balance training systematically for 3 sessions in a week, overall were trained for 18 sessions balance training until engage somatesensory, visual, vestibular systems such as(jumping out of the hole, gait by 8, crossing obstacle, walking with heel) which monitored by the researcher while the control group followed their ordinary lives. In pre and post-test sessions after installing the markers on the specific parts of the subjects’ bodies, they were asked to walk on the rout of 7 meters with the prefered walking speed. Kinematic features of the walking such as length and width of the step, double support time and walking speed were collected and analyzed with the Cortex software. Repetitive ANOVA (2*2) was used for data analysis. Results of this study showed that balance training during 6 weeks increased some of the Kinematic features like length step 11.33% (p=0.01), and walking speed 18% (p=0.04) significantly in elderly women of the experiment group. Although variables such as double support time (p=0.06), width of step (p=0.48) and, this reductions were not significant in comparison to the control group. In general, Results of the current study confirmed the effect of balance exercises for 6 weeks in increasement of length of step and walking speed in elderly women. Therefore, this exercise program has improved the general pattern of walking in elderly women.

The aim of this study was to investigate the response of plasma Myostatin and insulin growth factor like-1 (IGF-1), as two most important proteins that involved in Cachexia syndrome, to acute resistance exercise in healthy elderly people. Twelve healthy older men (Age= 67±1.3 years, BMI= 25±1.4 kg/m2) volunteered for participation in this study. 72hours after the determination of muscular maximal strength (by 1-RM test), subjects participated in acute resistance exercises via 75% 1-RM. In this research, two blood samples were collected at before and immediately after the exercise from Antecubital vein. Plasma Myostatin and serum levels of IGF-1 were measured by ELISA methods. Paired T-Test used for statical analyses of research data. Significant level was set at P≤0.05. The results of this study showed that plasma Myostatin significantly decreased in response to resistance exercise (P=0.0001). Also the serum levels of IGF-1 increased significantly in response to resistance exercise (P=0.0001). In turn, the results reveled that the IGF-1 to Myostatin ratio increased significantly in response to resistance exercise (P=0.001). The results of this study showed that resistance exercise through increases of IGF-1 and decreases of Myostatin causes increment of IGF-1 to Myostatin ratio. According to the results of this study it seems prescription of resistance exercise could positive changes in proteins that involved in Cachexia syndrome in elderly people. Presumably, through this way we can prevent from Cachexia and its many physiological and physical related dysfunctions in theses people. Although more study is needed to clear its mechanisms.

The aim of this study was the comparison of different levels of religious attitude on the sense of meaning, loneliness and happiness in the life of elderly persons under cover of social wlfare organisation of urmia city.

The study was a descriptive analytical research and sample size of 221 persons (81 women and 140 men) aged over 60 years using a random cluster sampling were selected. The Khodayari`s religious attitude questionnaire, Russell`s loneliness questionnaire, Salehi`s questionnaire for sense of meaning and oxford’s happiness questionnaire were used as instruments in this study.

The results of multivariate analysis of variance and scheffe method of follow-up showed that stronger levels of religious attitudes is associated with happiness and meaning of life in elderly persons (p<0.05). Also, the elderly who have strong religious attitude in comparison of the others feel less alone.

Religious attitude is a preventive factor to reduce the problems of the elderly and on this basis the relevant authorities could strengthen religious beliefs of elderly persons by proper planning and providing their participation in religious activities.

the present research aimed to study the effects of whole body vibration, mental practice and combined vibration and mental practice on static and dynamic balance of elderly men

this was a semi-experimental research. The participants included 42 healthy, elderly men aged (60-80 yrs) from Mashhad who was randomly categorized into 4 groups: vibration (n=12), mental practice (n=10), combined practice (n=10) and control (n=10). The experimental groups practiced their specific protocols for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week. The vibration group practiced 6 body positions based on the overload principle with intensity 30-35 HZ and 5 mm amplitude. The mental practice group practiced for the same duration of time as the vibration group meanwhile the control group was just engaged in their daily life routine. Static and dynamic balances were assessed using stability tests on Biobex and TUG tests, respectively. One-way ANOVA with Gabriel post Hoc was applied in order to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 05/0≥α.

our results showed a significant difference between the control group and mental practice (p=0.005), and combined training group (p=0.026) regarding their static balance. However no difference was observed between the control group and vibration group (p=0.422) or between the two experimental groups. Results of the dynamic balance of the control group and the vibration group (p=0.001,) the mental practicing group (p=0.004) and the combined training group and mental practicing group differed significantly.

Eight weeks of mental, vibration and combined vibration and mental practice could improve dynamic balance of the participants and mental practice, and combined vibration and mental practice could improve their static balance.

The purpose of this study was to the relationship of physical activity and risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in older men. Methods & Materials: The target population of this study was all older men in city of Kermanshah. Then, 123 healthy older men with mean age of 63.5±3.58 years, height 174.11±7.83 cm, weight 84.23±8.13 kg and body mass index 27.74±4.2 kg.m2 were selected as subjects by using the clustering method for sampling. Subjects completed an informed consent form, health history questionnaire and physical activity questionnaire (Beack). Measurements included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and CHD risk (total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), systole blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)). For data analysis, inferential statistics of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The results showed that were significant negative correlations between physical activity and percent body fat (PBF), body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), systole blood pressure (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Also, results showed that was significant positive correlations between physical activity and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This research showed that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in older men in is over expectation. Also it cleared that the increase in the levels of physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease – cardiovascular disease is effective, it is recommended that through various ways such as the holding of the workshop of educational meetings, holding a lecture about the benefits of regular sport activity and Increase participation in physical activity can be a method for improving health and reducing cardiovascular diseases in them.