فصلنامه سالمند
پیاپی 37 (تابستان 1394)

Aging is a period of life during which the elderly are a potential threat. These factors can lead to poor quality of life in older adults., One of the things that can have an impact on health and social integration. The present study investigated the relationship between social integration on health-related quality of life of elderly people in Sabzevar city was designed. This descriptive - analytic. Study sample consisted of all seniors admitted to two main treatment center city of Sabzevar (Vasei - Relief), which is among the 135 patients stratified sampling method. selected volume. Research tools, including health-related quality of life questionnaire SF-36, community integration questionnaire and checklist demographic. Information obtained by using descriptive statistics and Pearson and Spearman correlation, linear regression and T were analyzed. Significant level of 0/05 was considered. Health-related quality of life in the physical health score 65/2 ± 87/10 and in mental health after 96/2 ± 14/11, respectively. Average score for the social integration of elderly men and women, was, 4/9 ± 26/33 and 6/9 ± 46/27. Mean scores on the social integration between the sexes, the findings indicate a significant difference. (p=0/000). there was a significant positive correlation Between social integration and quality of life. Considering the positive correlation relationship between social integration, health-related quality of life of the elderly policy makers can do to improve the quality of life of elderly, Interventions in the field of social integration.

Seniors’ population makes up a large portion of the world population and physical constraints faced by this group affect mental and social aspects of their life. Designing and creating new methods may be a solution through elderly mental and physical support to a more active attendance in the community. This article is a qualitative study based on user-centered approach which investigates seniors’ social activities and the related problems by concentration on their outdoor activities and its result suggesting a product for improving them. This study collected data through Distribution of the questionnaire, observation, and interview and documentation participants’ feedback. This qualitative study was conducted in four stages: In the first phase by distributing questionnaires among 42 patients 2: interviewing 19 seniors, 3: feedback and ideas documentation of 19 seniors, 4: Satisfaction survey as the final phase to check the suggested product. 12 women and 7 men participated in the last 3 phases and based on their ideas and also studying related and similar samples, data were collected and practical solutions were proposed. In the first phase the participants stated the shopping as their most significant outdoor activity and it was followed by exploring their favorite places for shopping which were the fruit and vegetable markets. Along with choosing the product related to the shopping process which was shopping bag by interviewing the problems were explored. Revealing the needs of elderly people in order to improve their social activities and designing a product for simplifying shopping daily goods, as their most important outdoor activity are the results of this study. An adjustable, safe and stagnate product by design can increase the satisfaction feeling by using the product and also reduce the dependence and need to the others. considering seniors’ problems thorough shopping, a solution in product design is proposed to facilitate them with some of the difficulties such as forgetfulness. For the future research considering the anthropometric measures to adjust the proposed solutions with the specific needs of users is foreseen. On the other hand studying the habits and behaviors which may cause damage to the elderly group while shopping and ease them by product design may increase the activities quality in a meaningful way.

Today healthcare problems of the elderly has gained new and extensive dimensions in the community due to their increased population. According to statistics, depression is one of the most important psychological problems in the elderly that needs attention. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of recreation therapy on depression in old adults. The current research is a quasi-experimental study. The statistical community included the elderly aged over 60 years who attended Yas day-care center in Tehran and met the inclusion criteria(n=200). The subjects were assigned to experimental (n=32) and control (n=32) groups randomly.2 persons omitted from control group. The intervention included 10 recreation therapy sessions over 10 weeks which were held for the experimental group. Depression was measured before and after intervention and also two weeks after intervention in both groups. The research instruments included GDS (alpha: 0.9), AMT (alpha: 0.99) and ADL (alpha: 0.93) questionnaires. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 using statistical tests of Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Generelized Estimating Equatios Model and Shapiro-wilk Test. The mean score of depression in the experimental group before intervention, after intervention and in fallow up were 5.58±4.2, 2.59±2012,3.03±2.2 and in control group were 5.20±3.01, 5.16±2.9,5±2.8. These results were statistically significant at the 95% level (p=0.001). The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in the level of depression before intervention between the experimental and control groups (p=0.932); however a significant difference existed between pretest-posttest and pretest-follow up in the experimental group(p=0.001, p=0.007). Due to Generelized Estimating Equatios Model in the experimental group there was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up(P<0.0001) while there was no significant difference between the pre-test, post-test and follow-up(P>0.05). The findings showed that recreation therapy significantly improves depression in the elderly.

The aim of this study was comparing the mental health and its subscales between elderly men in athletes, active and passive groups. Therefore we have taken 150 elderly men in three groups of athletes active and passive and proceed to complete questionnaires. This is a correlation study and for comparing the mental health we have chosen the GHQ-28 questionnaire. Also to assign aging people in two groups of active and passive, we have used the Yale physical activity questionnaire and beacke questionnaire and also the athletes aged group has been separately selected from the veteran's soccer teams above 60 years. For comparing the group's mean we have used ANOVA. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant difference between three groups in physical activity levels, mental health and it's two subscales as depression symptoms, and social function (P<0.01), Also there was a significant difference between active and passive groups and between athletes and passive groups in physical symptoms, and anxiety and sleep disorder subscales (P<0.01), but the difference was not significant between the athletes and active groups. CONCLUTION: The results of the study suggest that adapted physical activity programs to the structural and psychological characteristics of elderly men can improve their mental health and lifestyle as much as their physical health.

Elderly people are one of the most important groups of whom are at risk of low health literacy outcomes and exposed to many Health Problems due to waste personal independence. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and health status of older adults in Kerman-Iran. This was a cross-sectional study in which 200 elderly people were questioned in Kerman. Data collection was performed by standard questionnaires. To analyse the data we used descriptive statistics and to study the relationship among variables, statistical tests such as chi square, T test, and one way ANOVA were applied. Most of the elderly people had inadequate health literacy (52.5%). There was a statistically significant association between education and job. Also there was a statistically significant association between ADL with health literacy (p≤0/05), but there was no statistically significant association between age, gender, marital status, economical status and physical functional with health literacy. Enhancing health literacy may be an effective strategy to improve elderly people’s health status. According to the results of this study, education and health-promoting behaviour as well as improving health literacy are recommended in planning health promotion programs.

Unfavourable changes in body composition and lipoprotein related to the loss of estrogen levels after menopause. The aim of the research was to study the effect of core stability training on body composition and lipoprotein in menopausal older women. Methods & Materials: The research was a semi-empirical study that was done in 2012. Twenty- three menopausal older women living in nursing home of Shahrood were selected purposively and were divided randomly in to experimental (n=13) and control (n=10) groups. Subjects underwent a supervised exercise protocol consisting of 24 weeks (3 days/week, 45- 60 min/day). In each session, core stability training (strength and endurance) was done for 25-30 minutes. Plasma lipoprotein and anthropometric indexes of obesity consisting of body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured before and after exercise training program. The result of paired t test showed that there was significant difference in WC between before and after the intervention in experimental group (P=0.03). The result of independent t test showed that after training, plasma total cholesterol level was changed significantly between control and experimental groups (P =0.007) and changes in other components of lipoprotein were not significant. According to the results, core stability training could improve body composition and some components of lipoprotein in menopausal older women.

Goal: The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of education of trusting in God’s faith on depression in the elderly men. The method quasi-experimental study and research design was pretest-post test with control group. The population was the elderly men living in nursing homes in Tehran province. Between the existing hospice, hospice charity Kahrizak elderly were randomly selected. GDS 15-question Form was administered on the 50 of elderly men and the 20 cases whose depression scale scores were 8 and above 8 Selected randomly in both test and control groups of 10. In this study,eight training sessions were held about trusting in God for the experimental group. One week after completion of the group training, the depression, GDS 15 question test on both test and control groups was administrated. Results of tests examined using one-way analysis of covariance (Nkva). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16. It was shown that the educational intervention on the subject is significant (P <0/05). According to the study,trust in God is effective in reducing depression and increasing the quality of life for elderly people.

The present study investigated the relationship between social support and life satisfaction with happiness in home- dwelling older adults in Shiraz. This was descriptive of correlation method research. In an ex post facto study 379 old adults how were selected using purposive sampling. completed Philips Social support instrument, Dinner life satisfaction, Joseph & Lewis happiness and depression scales. Results showed that there was positive significant relationship between dominations social support and life satisfaction with happiness. Among dominations social support, friends and family support predicted happiness positively also life satisfaction predicted happiness positively. The high social support and life satisfaction among the elderly can increase happiness among these people. Also, the amount of support which the elderly receive from the family and friends, as well as the rate of their satisfaction is the predictors of the rate of happiness.

Title: The unnecessary length of stay and costs in elderly with stroke in Tehran; Fayyaz Bakhsh hospital Abstract Objectives To determine the duration of length of stay (LOS) of elderly with stroke that could be reduced by staying in sub acute care services and estimate of unnecessary costs of hospitalization. Methods and Materials In the present descriptive study, 51 patients (31 female and 20 males) that have been admitted to neurology ward of Fayyaz bakhsh hospital in summer 2013, were studied. The informed consent was obtained from all of the participants. Checklists of background demographic variables, past medical history and the treatment strategy of choice were completed for each patient. Results The range of participants’ age was 60-93 (mean 79.9). Thirty of 50 patients (60%) could be transferred to sub acute care services. In this way, 107 days of 355 days of total length of stay (30% of total LOS) could be reduced. The average length of stay was 7 days, and on average could be reduced to 5 days and the costs of hospitalization could be reduced proportionately. Conclusion The length of stay and its costs could be reduced in elderly with stroke and they could be transferred to sub acute care services instead of unnecessary hospital stay. Key Words: elderly; stroke; acute care; sub acute care; stroke.

The purpose of present research was to investigate the effect of low and moderate intensity aerobic exercises on self-concept in older adults. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical sample included 45 volunteer elderly men with age range of 60-70 years old that divided randomly in two experimental groups (aerobic exercise with low and moderate intensity) and one control group. First, all subjects were evaluated by a proficient doctor to confirm their physical and mental health. Also, the maximum heart rate (HR) of subjects was obtained by subtracting one's age from 220. Furthermore, based on aerobic exercise type (40-50% Max HR for low intensity group and 60-70% Max HR for moderate intensity group) the target maximum HR was calculated for each subject. The exercise protocol consisted of 8 weeks aerobic exercises (2 sessions in per week) based on Rockport one-mile walking/running test and the control group continued their daily activities. With uses specific chest belts, the exercise intensity was evaluated and controlled. All subjects in per-test and post-test stages were completed the Tennessee Self-concept Scale 2 (TSCS2). The collected data was analyzed by inferential statistical tests such as one-way ANOVA and Tokey Post Hoc tests at the P<0.05 significant level with SPSS version 16. In pre-test stage, results showed that there were no significant differences between control and experimental groups in self-concept (P>0.05). On the other hand, results in post-test stage showed that there were significant differences between control and experimental groups in this variable (P<0.05). Also, the Tukey Post Hoc showed that the moderate intensity group scores in self-concept was better than other groups (P<0.05). Finally, the low intensity group scores were better than control group (P<0.05). Generally, the present research showed that the aerobic exercises with moderate intensity (60-70% max HR) have a positive and significant effect on self-concept. Thus, based on these findings, the aerobic exercises with moderate intensity as a useful method for improve this personality trait among older adults were recommended.