فصلنامه پژوهش های فلسفی - کلامی
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 64، تابستان 1394)

Comparative Philosophy is not Discussing Philosopher’s view Concerning one or Philosophical subjects and between different Philosophical schools. The More of these writings ends to explaining similarities and different between the subjects. Conditions of a philosophical research in the main are three: one: the comparison should be between two philosophies which differs in terms of background second: in order to grasp the background of two philosophy we must find the Joint language of two sides. Third: after understanding their background we must grasp their objective comparative philosophy Thus is not history of philosophy in which all view of philosophers are quoted and compared with each other. If researcher does not reach to the beginnings and backgrounds of the philosophies, his comparison would be weak. So Comparative Philosophy is not Comparison of a philosophy in its totality with an other philosophy and even with history of philosophy. Comparative philosophy. Thus is actualized through joint language between philosophers and their philosophies.

The problem of evil as atheist believes is considered among those issues which are a serious challenge as opposed to theists. They claim that there is no proper answer for the question “despite the existence of The Merciful and The all-Mighty God, why such evils exist or should be exist?” This is a firm reason which can show the weakness of theist’s claim in proving the existence of a perfect god.This paper after pointing out briefly of the responses to the issue will clarify that beside assuming evil as non-existence, some scholars by accounting evil’s fruits such as sublimation of human spirit and development of community, try to clarify the famous idea of the problem of evil, namely the relativity of evil, much more. Rumi by various expressions proves the relativity of evil, considering it as a necessary thing for this worldly life. Without evil not only a lot of matters would become ambiguous, but also a number of human virtues and arts cannot appear. On the other hand he believes that absolute evil cannot be found in the world and there is relativity even among evils themselves.

Avecinn has demonstrated matter and potentiality by a law called ''every generated in time is preceded by a potentiality and a matter that latter bears the former" philosophers and theologians who came after avecinna have studied this law, Avecinna's proof and the relation between essential Possibility and Possibility through preparedness. some of them believed that the two Possibilities are homonym and the others believed that they are analogical. First group believed that there is fallacy of equivocation in Avecinna's proof but the second didnt believe so. One of the results of above law is acceptance of body composition from matter and from, so some philosophers such as Sheikh eshraq, Fakhr razi and Khaje nasir who deny this composition cant accept mentioned law. The argue of possibility through preparednees and it's relation with essential possibility was ambiguous until transcendental theosophy but after that, some disciples of this school demonstrated and explained that law and analogical of that two Possibilities and so the validity of Avecinna's proof.

Hobbes in the current literature, philosophy, politics, and society as a subtle and sublime, because the key issue of political philosophy and political science as systematic and comprehensive power and the government has explicating Hobbes in Leviathan using mathematical precision and certainty of judgments in the field of politics takes the first step in scientific policyUsing the analogy of the tool or the like and organicLeviathan as artificial man sees Mechanical and physical analysis of human nature and are trying to take that all events and desires, and feelings of human conduct based on the principle explained. Extracts of the book Leviathan is that if people want to enjoy in complete security and compliance rules that aim to create scurity. They are not to the detriment of all its powers to one person or group of persons should bear But most of all it is important to Hobbes in his methodology between the exact sciences (such as geometry and mathematics) and knowledge such as physics and psychology provides And strives to establish the state of the science in the field of Political Studies and the Thus he is good and reasonable method for the analysis of all the issues in a manner similar to known geometric analysis.

In Sadraean Transcendent with proving substantial motion and gradual transition of the substance and nature of the object from potential to actuality, apart from the form and action of the object, proved the original mater to be carrying this potency. This means that rational human soul, after separation from the body have no motion and development. On the other hand, the perfection of the Soul in Purgatory and Resurrection after separation from the physical body has been entered in the religious texts of Islam. The purification of reason and religion as a creature of the Almighty God, are not in conflict with each other. They have embraced the religion of definitive content and tried to solve the problem. Some of them believe in revival of likenesses, has brought in mysticism and the others say that the arguments that prove the original matter are flawed. Some also argue that the immateriality belongs only to God. It should be added that the purpose of the rational soul of man is to attain nearness of infinite existence of God. Thus the perfection of the Soul is not limited to the physical limits, but there is no end to it and shall continue in other worlds. The perfection of the Soul, as mentioned in the verses and hadith, will not be instantaneous. This paper explores some ideas about possibility of substantial motion of the soul apart from the body, suggests the latter expressed as an alternative solution to resolve the problem.

the main aim of this study is Content analysis of the articles of philosophical - theological studies journal. population, and means: this study is a kind of applied research that has been done by using content analysis. Statistical population consist of 399 published articles which collected by Information checklist tool and analysis by SPSS. Findings show that about 378 titles (94.7%), from 399 articles, were written and 21 titles (5.3%) were translated articles. Meanwhile, among 379 authors which contributed in this work, 40 authors were women (5.10%) and 339 were men (5.89%). 325 (4.81%)works were the result of individual, and 6.15 % were the result of group works. 48% of woks were written by authors with PhD degree and 2.11% by PhD students. Also, about 35% of articles were written by assistant professors, and 10% by associated professors. Qom University with 112 articles stands in first level and Tehran University, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan University and Alame Tabatabai stand in the following level. 6.25% of articles were in the field if Islamic Philosophy, 8.19% in the field if West Philosophy and 7% in the filed of New Theology.