مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 35، صیف 2015)

One challenging issue in the autobiography is that the writer is able to close the distance between himself, the narrator and the central character to a minimum, and more accurately establish the correspondence between these three elements. Definitely, today’s view of the writer about the events that he has experience many years ago is very different from his views toward the same events at the time of their occurrence, and that can be used to test the author's creative skills. In the present paper, we attempt to study the autobiographical work of Ahmad Amin Hayati. Results indicate that because growth of the author’s character to its current state is more important for him, more attention has been paid to the interpretation of events and their impact on his current life than his point of view at the time of the events. So he is less able to reduce the distance between the point of view of the narrator and the character. With regard to the issue of perspective as an important element of the story, it is very helpful here to use Gérard Genette's opinions which have been the cornerstones of our work.

In the past, the function of the cover of the books was to protect the text against damage, but now it has taken another role, namely being compatible with the text and how to express it. This is what we see on the cover page of Abdellah Hammadi’s book which has been associated with Sufism. If we take a closer look at the cover page, we will find the spiritual trip of a Sufist and his moods, like the one on the cover with which we visually communicate to interpret the inner working of the book in reality.The cover of the poetic collection in its first edition of 2011, was published by Dar Almaeya Constantine. The researcher wanted to interrogate his threshold cover with its absent and present icons, to pave the way to reach the hidden meaning, then go directly to the text.

The music within any literary work is absorbing and pleasant. In other words, the rhythm in text absorbs the reader and makes communication possible; that is because with its rhythm and harmonization of its musical fluctuations with the emotions of the reader, it appeals to him and fascinates him.Rhythmic structure is one of the fundamental characteristics of Nahj Al-balaqa; thus, it is one of the distinctive qualities of the “roar of a camel” and “creation of the peacock” sermons. Imam Ali (A.S) has given as much attention to rhythm as to the meaning. Therefore, he has chosen the words in this sermon in such a way that they create a music compatible with the atmosphere of the sermon.In this paper, I am trying to examine aural rhythm in these two sermons using descriptive-analytic method. To this end, I particularly analyze the effect of sound on producing a rhythm suitable for the atmosphere and theme of the subject matter. Considering the fact that rhythm is produced by the sound of words, arrangement of words, short and long vowels, and the harmony and symmetry of the sentences, I tried to scrutinize, in a comprehensive manner, the effect of these factors in producing aural rhythm in both sermons.

The Palestine’s resistance literature, along with its failure in 1948, has come into a new level. Omar Aburish (1908-1990), the Syria’s resistance poet, is one of those poets who has composed most of his poems on defending Palestine, and has paid particular attention to martyr and martyrdom. The purpose of this study is to survey the characteristics of Palestinian martyrs in Aburishe’s poetry and the poet’s symbolization of the Palestinian martyrs regarding the two timely special periods in Palestine, i.e. 1948 and 1967. It is found by the descriptive-analytic approach that the martyrs are embellished with the human fair traits such as reproaching the world, protecting the glory of the homeland, being devoted and ready to be sacrificed, enlightened, and aware of the time’s issues. Due to the time’s requirements and events, Aburishe represents these concepts through three different symbols. First, martyr is the symbol of Palestinian youth who is martyred to hoist his country’s flag. Second, martyr is the symbol of society’s leader and headman who fights along with the Palestinian people, and is martyred. Third, martyr is the symbol of every Palestinian who is never frightened by the enemy’s power and is not infatuated with it compassion, pathos, and superficial kindness and love, and fights it until death.

In Al-tavahom, Harith Almuhasibi narrates soul’s journey to the other world in a second-person point of view. The most distinctive elements on which the journey of the book is based, depending on their nature, are time and place. Time and place indicate the ideal world space in relation to the soul intuition. The space shows the distance and proximity to the center in two separate places by rebuilding the promised times. The highest point in the heaven is where Allah reveals Himself to all believers. According to Mircha Eliade, religious experience is the repetition of spiritual worlds. The powerful amazing time of the first epiphany is repeated, and the holy eternity recalls the first covenant in the last event of resurrection day.In this paper, researchers investigate the time and place of the soul’s journey and its related archetypes in the light of mythology. Has the realm of imagination been enriched from the collective unconscious? Does it show the unity and integrity by illustrating the journey of soul in its highest intimacy? How far the soul passes to re-experience the first days of creation in the center of universe where God breathed into the man’s soul. The precise, elegant and literary descriptions of Muhasibi along with sensible richness, has distinguished Al-Tavahom from the other letters of the Ascension (Miraj Nameh).

Metaphor is one of the most beautiful figures of speech. Arab rhetoricians like rhetoricians of other languages, used to take the metaphor into consideration, so that they have incessantly tried to classify it into different types, such as: explicit metaphor, implicit metaphor, etc. Besides, metaphor plays a crucial role in linguistics and it is discussed especially in cognitive linguistics. The basic theory of this branch of linguistics is that the metaphor is not restricted to literal language only, as it is extensively used in ordinary language, however it is unconscious. In this regard, cognitive linguists believe that metaphor is one of the main language tools in structuring human mind and conceptualizing. In fact, the cognitive processes of human mind are in great measures under the influence of metaphorical structures. Using comparative approach, this article studies metaphor from both Arabic rhetoricians and cognitive linguist's points of view, and seeks to explain some aspects of differences and similarities. These similarities include classification of different types of metaphor, and the similarity of some of these different metaphors such as dead metaphor in linguistics and commonplace metaphor in rhetoric. The differences within the two bands are evident, like studying metaphors in the words, monopoly of metaphors in similar interests, using formal and linguistic criteria for the diagnosis of metaphor in Arabic rhetoric, studying metaphors in the sentences, using experimental criteria in linguistics, and differences in naming some of the kinds of metaphors in both of fields.

Many critics and historians note that Imam Ali had a unique personality, and there are some poets who focused on him. Nasser Khosrow and Komeyt Ibn Zeyd Assadi have used his features in their poems. The main issue here is the similarity of the mentioned features. The present study tries to explore similarities in the art language.The authors have directly analyzed the works of these two poets, and have emphasized on some special works in order to show historical context. The present study is based on American school of comparative study. The comparison shows that both poets have used some features such as Imam Ali’s bravery, his advices, and his personality in Quran and Ghadir Khum; but Komeyt has enumerated less features than Nasser Khosrow, while Rafezi and Nassebi were present in Nasser Khosrow’s poem. Location is more important in Komeyt’s collection, while rhetoric and honesty are not present in Nasser Khosrow’s collection.

Having a university degree for those in search of a job in internal and foreign settings is necessary but not enough. Getting various jobs requires skills in various fields without which one cannot do his best in any job. Arabic field is no exception to this general rule. However, during recent years there has been a great development of job opportunities related to Arabic field and these jobs involve required and sufficient skills. Therefore, this study aims at counting relevant jobs to Arabic major through utilizing a descriptive- analytic method. Moreover, it uses a survey research and designs a questionnaire and implements it among the university scholars and professors and also M.A. students in five Tehran universities. The questionnaire contained questions asking their viewpoints regarding the amount of readiness of the students to enter the job market based on separate job opportunities. Some results indicate that most of the students acquire theirs skills and academic instructions at a low and middle level. Consequently, some suggestions are given to improve the current situation.

According to the increasing importance of commercialization and entrepreneurship of university majors, detection and study of the indices of commercialization operation of university degrees is necessary for the university strategic plans; hence, the main objective of this research is to design Arabic literature field commercialization operation evaluation system in the universities. This research tries to study the effective parameters for the success of Arabic literature commercialization and the relation of these parameters to teaching method of professors and the course titles of this field. The specific method of this research is descriptive-analytic along with utilizing questionnaire. Some results of this research showed that failure of the commercialization of this field is due to absence of suitable course titles and lack of specialist professors in the area of commercialization education. In the end, some suggestions are offered to improve the commercialization status of Arabic literature field.

Promoting The Entrepreneurship in Higher Education System is a New Approach. The students lacking the individual abilities and skills to start the proper business, is the one of the challenges faced by different communities. This makes the preparation of university graduates necessary by developing their entrepreneurial culture. Preparation in the field of entrepreneurship should be combined with education, and it is necessary to foster entrepreneurial spirit in universities. Approach or attitude toward this language and lack of planning for its future are the main difficulties in teaching the Arabic language. Any change in the topics and methods and techniques will not be effective as long as the definition of the Arabic language and attitudes about it are not changed. Arabic, in addition to the fact that it is Quranic language and Islamic sciences and is fully integrated with the Persian language, provides the most necessary tools for scientific and cultural exchange between many of humanities’ sciences, including Quranic sciences, jurisprudence, philosophy, economics, history, theology, and etc. Thus, the Arabic language and literature departments in universities can plan for issues such as: reforming lessons’ outlines and creating new lessons tailored to the needs of society, using new methods of teaching instead of traditional methods which makes it possible to update the student's creativity and ideas, using experienced teachers, creating new trends and interdisciplinary fields of study, and considering the entrepreneurial characteristics of students. These issues along with promoting entrepreneurship capabilities of the students, can expand the capacity for entrepreneurship, initiative and creativity to develop human resources and provide students employment.

One of the most favorite mechanisms of organizations for responding to evolutions and changes is to focus on entrepreneurship and construction organizations. Some of these organizations create employment and cultural development and religious ideas by entrepreneurship institutionalization within the organization. Shiraz University is one of these organizations which has been analyzed for its entrepreneurship along with presentation of definitions of entrepreneurship and then organizational entrepreneurship in this paper. This has been carried out in accordance to capacities and existing indicators in college, and also most important social infrastructure of entrepreneurship which is cultural infrastructure.