فهرست مطالب حبیب الله رضایی

Psychosomatic complaints are symptoms that appear in the human body, but are rooted in the psychological processes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the three psychological factors such as self-compassion, resilience and difficulty in emotional regulation with psychosomatic complaints.

In the present descriptive-analytical study, the population of study were medical students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences studying in 2017-2018. There were 267 participants who entered the study as convenience sampling. Neff's self-compassion questionnaire, Connor and Davidson's resilience scale, Gratz's and Roemer's difficulty in emotional regulation scale, and Takata's and Sakata's a psychosomatic complaints scale were used to collect information. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, independent t test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis.

The mean and standard deviation of psychosomatic symptoms among students was 27.14 ± 14.30. The mean of psychosomatic complaints had an inverse and significant relationship with self-compassion and resilience (r = -0.41 and r = -0.28 and p<0.01) and had a significant direct relationship with difficulty in regulating emotions (r = 0.51 and p<0.01).

The three variables of self-compassion, resilience and difficulty in emotional regulation have a moderate correlation with the severity of psychosomatic symptoms, and among them, the highest correlation was related to the variable of difficulty in emotional regulation. It is suggested to train medical students to increase self-compassion, resilience, and learn emotion management skills.

The role of Toon in Qohestan, as a part of transportation route between southeast and central Iran with Greater Khorasan, and its industrial and commercial role in Greater Khorasan’s sense with all of its challenges, in Historical and Archaeological studies, is very important. This paper tries to understand the cultural Landscape of Toon on the base of Historical documents and Stratigraphic Archaeological Evidences. Therefore, this paper follows answering two main Questions: in the historical aspect, how the landscape of Toon is understandable in historical and Geographical documents, considering the historical context of these documents. On the other side, in the Archaeological aspect, the main question is how stratigraphic evidence can help us to understand the landscape of Toon in the Islamic era. Historical documents and Archaeological Evidence have been reviewed and interpreted based on their contexts. Results of historical and Archeological interpretations, all to gather about Cultural landscape of Toon can help us to achieve to the goal of this paper. This research’s nature fundamental and its approach is descriptive-interpretive to the historical documents and archaeological evidence. Cultural landscape of Toon along Islamic era in historical documents described as a city with Arg, which has used Qanats as the main water source and has its own importance in production of crops and Carpet. Study of Archaeological Stratigraphic Evidence shows wide interactions of Toon in different periods of Islamic era and its industrial importance in production of some artifacts such as Pottery and Metal works.

Potato is one of the major food products in Afghanistan, ranking third after wheat and rice. Accordingly, this study focused on the economic evaluation of potato production in Khenjan County during the 2022-2023 cropping year. In the first place, economic evaluation indicators such as total income, total cost, gross return, profit, return on investment, benefit-cost ratio, and the total product price were analyzed. The optimal level of input usage was also determined through the production function.  The results showed that the average potato yield was 7334 kg per hectare, with an average income of 154,267 Afghanis, a production cost of 65,228 Afghanis, an average profit of 75,058 Afghanis, and a return-on-investment rate of 134.45 percent per hectare. The income-to-cost ratio indicates that an average income of 2.34 Afghanis was generated for every Afghanis spent on potato production. The average total price of potato per Kg was 9.36 Afghanis. The production function results revealed that most of the coefficients were significant, with land, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, seed, labor, fungicide and machinery, having a positive effect on production while water having a negative effect. Overall, potato cultivation in the Khenjan district is profitable, and the optimal use of inputs except for water is recommended.  It should be focused on creating storage facilities to reduce seed prices, increasing loan facilities to encourage potato cultivation, optimizing water use, providing suitable labor facilities, and focusing on marketing to increase sales and profitability in potato production.

Concept map is one of the effective methods in the evolution of medical education, which leads to the development of problem-solving learning, group skills and creativity, and is one of the important components of creativity in people with divergent thinking. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of drawing and implementing a map. It was a concept of group method with computer on divergent thinking of nursing students.

The present study was experimental in the form of pre-intervention and post-intervention with a control group conducted in 2017. One hundred and two participants from third to sixth semester nursing students participated in the present study. Using the random allocation method, 51 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 51 people to the comparison group. The intervention plan of drawing and presenting a concept map for adult/elderly nursing lessons 1, 2 and 3 based on the announced content of the approved title of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education was carried out in a group method using Mind Mapper software during 7 sessions of 90 minutes. Peter Hani's questionnaire was used to measure students' divergent thinking.

The mean and standard deviation of divergent thinking scores of students in the intervention group were before (5.68±1.22), after (8.23±1.35) and one month (8.70±1.18) after the intervention. The mean and standard deviation of students' divergent thinking scores in the control group were before (3.41±0.66), after (3.41±0.66) and one month (3.33±0.62) after the intervention. There was a significance between the intervention and control groups in terms of divergent thinking (p<0.001).

The average of divergent thinking score of the students in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group, which shows the positive effect of drawing and implementing a concept map in a group method with the computer, so it is suggested to use this student-centered method in the teaching and learning process in higher education program.
Key words: concept map, computer, convergent thinking, nursing

Peer-to-peer learning is an educational method. Many studies have been conducted on peer-assisted learning, but it is not clear how many medical schools use different forms of peer-assisted learning and what the model and characteristics of peer-assisted learning were in their study. Because no study has comprehensively explained the characteristics of peer-assisted learning. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and explain the characteristics of learning with the help of peers.

The present qualitative study was conducted using the contractual content analysis method in 2021. First, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 5 medical education expert faculty members who were purposefully selected, and external and internal research conducted on peer-assisted teaching was collected, and the characteristics of peer-assisted teaching were collected from interviews and articles with the help of the technique. Qualitative content analysis was extracted. Interviews were entered into Max Kyuda version 10 software and data analysis was done using Granheim's content analysis method.

The findings included one main class, 13 sub-classes and 92 extracted codes, the sub-classes included peer characteristics, the person providing training or receiving peer training, how to provide training to peers or receive training from peers, planning for training with the help of Peers, evaluation of training provided by peers, supervision of providing or receiving training from peers, applicant for providing or receiving training from peers, place of providing or receiving training from peers, subject of providing or receiving training from peers, having an educational design, respecting rights The material and spiritual of peers, the conscious consent of peers, were the benefits of using peers.

The characteristics of peer-assisted learning extracted in the present project may help to create a questionnaire to investigate the status of peer-assisted learning, especially among medical students in teaching hospitals.

Evaluation of training courses has an effective role to prevent wastage of resources and improve the quality of work. So far, the evaluation of the short-term electronic training course for medical students to prepare for the clinical competency exams of the general medicine course has not been done. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the electronic training course for medical students to prepare for the clinical competency exams.

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2020-2021 and Kirkpatrick's model was used to evaluate the course. The statistical population included 69 students in the internship stage, who entered the study. Students' satisfaction was determined by means of a valid and reliable researcher satisfaction form, their learning rate was determined by using 17 tests designed by the academic staff of the university and its validity and reliability were confirmed, their behavior was designed by analyzing the results of the clinical competence test. Its validity was confirmed by preparing a two-dimensional table for the supply and reliability test. The study population was medical students of the internship stage of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by the full number method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation.

The total satisfaction of the course in the first period of the course was 4.03 with a standard deviation of 0.12 and in the second period was 4.11 with a standard deviation of 0.15. A total of 35 students participated in 8 exams in the first course and 34 students participated in 17 exams in the second course. The number of admissions in the first clinical competency test was 15 and in the second clinical competency test was 25.

Students' satisfaction with participating in this course was appropriate and participation in this course increased the acceptance rate of students in the clinical competency test. It is suggested to provide conditions for students of other universities to participate in this course.

Tooth occlusion is a common anomaly that is caused by several factors including local and systemic factors. The most common teeth that may be occluded are tertiary permanent teeth, maxillary canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars, and maxillary central incisors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of occlusion of different teeth in patients referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic in Yasuj during 2017-2018

In this retrospective study, 2536 digital panoramic radiographs were studied among patients who were over 14 years old and referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic in Yasuj during the years 2016 to 2017. Patients with a history of trauma, developmental abnormalities, syndromic, pathological problems, and edentulousness were excluded. Radiographs were taken with the VATECH digital panoramic device (pax-i3D). The graphs were examined and a tooth was considered to be occluded, which was prevented from growing normally by a bone or a lateral tooth, as well as a tooth whose occlusal surface was visibly lower than the occlusal surface of adjacent teeth. Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between age and type of impacted teeth and the difference between men and women in terms of impacted teeth.

Out of 2536 patients, the maxillary molar teeth (number=57) were 2.2%, mandibular molar teeth (number = 46) 1.8%, maxillary canine (number=39), 1.5%, maxillary premolars, respectively. Number=8) 30%, canine (number=7) 3% and incisor (number=4) was 4.2%, which had the most impacted teeth related to the maxillary molars and there were no mandibular premolars and mandibular incisors in this study. There was no significant difference between age and sex in terms of latency.

Dental occlusion in Yasuj city is not considered high, and the highest prevalence of occlusion is after maxillary molars, mandibular molars and maxillary canines. Therefore, if the canine teeth do not grow in time, radiography is recommended to examine their occlusion and use appropriate treatment.

Since the 2009 Earth Summit, the importance of sustainability in order to protect the environment, cropping systems and food security has been emphasized as part of sustainability. In this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and agricultural sustainability in Gorgan County in the 2019-2020 year.

Data was collected based on two types of questionnaires of farmers and specialists (for weighting criteria and sub-criteria of sustainability). The coping strategy index was used to measure food security and analytical hierarchy process was used to measure agricultural sustainability. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between food insecurity and agricultural sustainability.

Based on the aggregated sustainability criterion, North Esterabad with a weight of 0.236 was selected as the most sustainable village. Ghorogh, Roshanabad, Anjirab and South Esterabad villages with weights of 0.199, 0.197, 0.195 and 0.173 are in the next priorities. According to the environmental criterion, South Esterabad with a score of 0.216, according to the economic criterion, North Esterabad with a score of 0.249 and according to the social criteria, Roshanabad with a score of 0.204 had the highest level of sustainability. Also, according to the coping strategy index, 14 households (4.67%) had food security, 211 households (70.33%) had poor food insecurity, 54 households (18%) had moderate food insecurity and 21 households (7 %) Experience severe food insecurity. There is also a strong negative correlation between food insecurity and overall, economic and environmental sustainability. Suggestion: Given the importance of agricultural sustainability in improving food security, it is suggested that policymakers design and implement policies in order to improve economics, social and environmental sustainability that have negative effects on food insecurity.

Nurses must be equipped with scientific and practical competencies and skills in teaching drug abuse prevention and control as well as addiction treatment. Thus, this study aimed to determine the educational needs of nursing students for working in addiction counseling and treatment centers.

This descriptive study was conducted in Isfahan in the 2015-16 academic year. The statistical population was comprised of faculty members of the nursing and midwifery school, physicians, nurses and the service recipients provided by addiction counseling and treatment centers. Using a three-round Delphi Technique, the data were collected by a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics.

In the first, second and third rounds of Delphi Technique, 129 (out of 140), 79 (out of 80), and 20 (out of 20) people responded to the questionnaire respectively. Of the 150 educational needs that were identified, 69 were related to the cognitive domain, 39 to the emotional domain and 42 were related to the psychomotor domain.

Most of the nursing students’ educational needs of nurses for working in addiction counseling and treatment centers were related to the cognitive and psychomotor domain. It is suggested that training courses be held for nursing students in relation to these needs and an educational package be developed accordingly.