فهرست مطالب فاطمه گلشنی

Chronic pain results from a complex interaction of biological, psychological and social factors that causes the experience of pain. The purpose of this research was to identify the structural model of chronic pain based on mindfulness, social support and life events with the mediating role of psychological distress and pain catastrophizing.

This was a descriptive-correlational study with structural equation modeling. The study population included all patients suffering from chronic pain with musculoskeletal and rheumatoid arthritis related pain, which had referred to Tehran medical centers for follow-up in 2023. A total of 496 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. They completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire (1957), the Bauer Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (2006), the Perceived Social Support of Zimmet et al. (1988), the Pickel's Stressful Life Events (1971), the Leviband's Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire (1995) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale of Sullivan et al. (1995). Research data were analyzed using SPSS-26 and AMOS-23 softwares using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.

The results of the structural equation model indicated that this model fits the experimental data well. The direct effects of the standard pathway mindfulness coefficient and the amount of stressors on chronic pain were significant (p<0.01) and the direct effects of social support and the number of stressors for chronic pain was insignificant. Additionally, the effects of standard indirect path coefficients for mindfulness, social support and the number and the amount of stressors with the mediating role of psychological distress and pain catastrophizing on chronic pain was significant (p<0.01).

Mindfulness, social support and life events play an important role in explaining chronic pain through the mediation of psychological distress and pain catastrophizing. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used in more detailed planning of psychotherpeutic interventions for patients with chronic pain.

The covid-19 disease has caused death shock all over the world. The consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic can lead to complex and long-term bereavement in a large number of people. In previous studies, the lived experience of bereavement in the context of the family has been less studied; especially regarding the identification of factors related to bereavement in the bereavement in covid-19 mourners, there is a research gap.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors related to bereavement in the mourners of Covid-19.

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the phenomenological method. The statistical population of the research included all women living in Tehran who had lost one of their first-degree relatives (including sisters, brothers, parents or spouses) due to the disease of Covid-19. During this study, using purposeful sampling, 25 women were subjected to semi-structured in-depth interviews from May 2021 to October 2022. The conducted interviews were also analyzed in six stages using the thematic analysis method of Brown and Clark (2006).

The data analysis of this research led to the identification of 236 primary codes, 22 secondary themes, 22 main themes and 6 Canopy themes (Incomplete bereavement, coping strategies, multifaceted grief, attachment style, identity change and the meaning of death).

The results obtained from the present study showed that the factors related to bereavement in covid-19 mourners are different from normal bereavements, Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists specializing in bereavement use the themes identified in the present study to develop treatment protocols related to the treatment of bereavement in women

The personality and the way parents interact with children are important factors in the pathology and early prevention of children's behavioral problems. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the causal relationships between mothers' personality traits and children's behavioral problems based on the mediating role of parenting styles.

The method of this research was descriptive and correlation type with modeling approach. The statistical population of this research included all mothers and their children aged 8-12 living in areas 1-3 of Tehran in 2022-2023, and 267 mothers were selected by convenient sampling method as the study sample. The data collection tools included the Neo Personality Traits Questionnaire (McCree and Costa, 1997), the Alabama Parenting Style (Frick, 1991) and the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach and Rescular, 2001). Data analysis was done by SPSS24 and AMOS software using structural equation modeling method.

Based on the obtained results, the structural model has a good fit with the data. Total path coefficient between agreeableness (p=0.032, β=-0.145), openness (p=0.019, β=-0.151), conscientiousness (p=0.001, β=-0.380) and neuroticism (p = 0.001, β = 0.387) was significant with children's behavioral problems. The multiple correlation coefficient for children's behavioral problems variable was 0.57.

The present study confirmed the mediating role of parenting styles in the relationship between mothers' personality traits and children's behavioral problems. Children's behavioral problems can be the result of the interaction of personality traits and parenting styles.

Emotional and cognitive states directly affect the neural mechanisms of chronic pain, And increasing pain negatively affects the emotional and cognitive states of a person. Despite the growing research evidence of the effects of psychological variables such as mindfulness, social support, stress and pain catastrophizing on the phenomenon of chronic pain, the general effects of these variables have been less investigated in the form of comprehensive causal model.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of chronic pain based on mindfulness, social support and life events with the Mediating of pain catastrophizing.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all male and female patients with chronic pain who were treated for follow-up treatment in 2022, they had referred to pain clinics, pain specialists, neurologists, physiotherapists, and health centers in Tehran with problems related to musculoskeletal pain and rheumatoid arthritis, of which 496 people were selected using the available sampling method. Data collection tools include the Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975), the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support by Zimet et al. (1988), Scale of Life stressful Events‐Paykel (Paykel et al., 1971) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan et al., 1995). Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling method and using SPSS-23 and AMOS-23 software.

The results of modeling of structural equations indicated a good fit of the model with experimental data. The effect of the coefficient of the direct standard path of mindfulness on the experience of chronic pain was significant and the indirect path of mindfulness on the experience of chronic pain with the mediating role of pain catastrophizing was significant (P< 0.05). The effect of direct and indirect standard path coefficient of social support with mediating role of pain catastrophizing on chronic pain experience was not significant (P> 0.05). The direct and indirect path of the number of stressful factors on the experience of chronic pain was also insignificant (P> 0.05). However, the standard direct and indirect path of the amount of stressful factors on the experience of chronic pain with the mediating role of catastrophizing was also significant (P< 0.05).

According to the obtained results, it seems that mindfulness, social support and life events play an important role in explaining chronic pain by mediating pain catastrophizing. Considering that these variables have a significant contribution in predicting the pain of chronic pain patients, Therefore, mental health professionals can use these factors to improve the mental health of people with chronic pain.

Archetypes are the most important manifestation of the collective unconscious in mankind, which appears in the form of psychological complexes in the individual. Complexes cause psychological problems in the individual, and the heroic journey is one of the ways to cure it, which has not been done much research in this field.

This research was conducted with the aim of compiling the heroic journey of a woman's life based on psychological complexes in the psychoanalytic theory of Carl Jung.

The research method was qualitative, with a thematic analysis method. The statistical population of Jung's works and their sequels and the use of the opinions of experts familiar with psychoanalysis have been done. The means of collecting information, reading texts, and using the opinions of experts in the form of targeted sampling in such a way that until no new information is obtained, the sampling was completed. For data analysis and theme analysis and network drawing, MaxQDA2020 software was analyzed with open and axial coding. Then, in order to match the complexes with the archetypes, a content validity questionnaire was given to four experts familiar with The concepts were analyzed psychoanalytically.

The results were analyzed by CVI in Excel and the masochist complex score was less than 0.7 based on the Lavesche index, which was removed. Finally, matching with 28 archetypes and 15 archetypes was confirmed. Based on the findings of the research, the results show that 28 identified complexes and 15 archetypes were extracted from the core of the complexes, the extracted archetypes caused the compilation of the journey of a woman's heroism, which were categorized into three stages of the journey of heroism by analyzing the hidden meaning approach. The journey of a woman's heroism consists of 15 archetypes, which can treat 28 mental complexes, were compiled. Finally, the stages of the championship journey were divided into three parts, preparation for the trip, travel, and return from the trip.

Each archetype, as a behavioral and personality pattern, consists of several complexes that interact with each other and shape the individual's personality and behavior. Based on these findings, in the treatment of complexes, related archetypes can be used for each complex. According to the presented classification, in each of the three stages of travel preparation, travel, and return from travel, different archetypes are used for the heroine.

 This research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of wisdom based on successful intelligence with the mediation of self-esteem in middle managers. The cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the middle level managers of private banks, municipal organizations and Mahan Airlines in Tehran in 1399-1400, from among them, 300 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), successful intelligence (Sternberg, 2005), and self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) were used, all of which are valid and had acceptable reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Lisrel-V8.80 software were used. Also, in order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The findings of the research showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that successful intelligence had a direct effect on wisdom. In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of successful intelligence on the wisdom of middle managers through self-esteem, it is confirmed with 95% confidence. The results showed that successful intelligence had a direct effect on wisdom. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps senior managers and researchers in order to apply the concept of wisdom, it is very important to identify and select middle managers in organizations and design more appropriate training packages and increase knowledge and designing more suitable for cultivating wisdom.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders a high percentage of patients with depression (two-thirds of them) have prominent anxiety symptoms. Hence, the existence of a natural, simple, accessible, and affordable treatment method is required by every person suffering from depression. The purpose of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Ayurveda knowledge as a complementary medicine approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and the combination of the two, on reducing anxiety in depressed women.

The research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population includes 40 women aged 45-25 who were diagnosed with moderate depression by a psychiatrist and took the Beck depression test. They volunteered to participate in this research by filling and signing the informed consent form. Participants were placed in four groups of 10 people with a simple random allocation method, underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy, Ayurveda and combination of the two for 10 weeks based on the protocols. Data collection tools were Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) (1996) & Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (1983). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures.

The intergroup effect test was significant in state anxiety (P=0.003) and trait anxiety (P<0.001). The partial ETA value indicated that approximately 31% of the variation in state anxiety and 46% in trait anxiety could be explained by the treatment groups. The results of comparing the averages between the groups with Tukey's test showed that there was a significant difference in trait anxiety between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Ayurvedic therapy as well as combined therapy (1.53 ± 7.4) (P<0.001). ), also there was a significant difference in state anxiety between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Ayurvedic treatment 1.88 ± 5.43 and between cognitive-behavioral therapy and combined therapy 1.88 ± 7.133 (p=0.003). There was no significant difference between the experimental group of Ayurveda and combined treatment. (P = 1.00)

According to the obtained results, the combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and Ayurveda can have a better and more stable effect in reducing the anxiety of depressed women.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on the tolerance of failure and the quality of marital life of women with repeated abortions.

The current research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up phase in terms of practical purpose and method. The statistical population of this research included all women who referred to infertility clinics in Tehran in 2020, 30 of these people were selected in a targeted way. The assignment of members in the emotion-oriented treatment group (15 people) and the control group (15 people) was done using a random method. To collect data, Simmons and Gaher (2005) frustration tolerance questionnaire and Fletcher, Simpson and Thomas (2000) Marital Life Quality Questionnaire were used. To investigate the difference between groups in different stages of measurement, the analysis of variance test with mixed measurement was used in SPSS-25 software.

The results showed that this treatment had a positive effect on increasing the tolerance of failure and the quality of married life of women with frequent abortions, and this effect was greater on the variable of tolerance of failure (p<0.01).

Based on the findings of the present study, it is suggested to use emotion-oriented therapy by couple therapists and clinical psychologists in order to increase the tolerance of failure and the quality of married life of women with frequent miscarriages.

Academic performance is considered one of the important variables in achieving job success and social acceptance in any society, so that sometimes academic performance is considered equivalent to academic success. The aim of the current research was to determine the formulation of the academic performance model based on the duration of using screens, metacognition and the conscious mind with the mediation of self-esteem and self-regulation in adolescents.

The current research was of correlation and structural equations type. The statistical population of the research included second grade high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, 517 of whom were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. In order to collect the data required for this research, the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire (2001), the Dortaj Academic Performance Questionnaire (2005), the Cooper Smith Self-Respect Questionnaire (2017), the Wells Metacognition Questionnaire (2004), and the questionnaire for the duration of using Tirgar screens (2018) and the self-regulation questionnaire of Miller and Brown (1992) was used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and path analysis.  

The results showed that the direct paths of metacognition, mindfulness and the duration of using screens are significant with academic performance (P<0.01) and the indirect effect of metacognition, the duration of using screens and mindfulness with The mediation of self-respect is significant (P=0.20) and it showed its mediating role well, while although self-regulation has a direct effect on academic performance, it cannot indirectly affect academic performance as a mediating variable. Academic performance has an effect.

It can be said that the duration of using screens and metacognition and mindfulness, along with other factors such as self-esteem and self-regulation, play a key role in academic performance, and it seems that the role of self-esteem is more important. Therefore, in order to increase academic performance, it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in improving the academic performance of students.

Chronic pain can provide emotional and psychological incompatibility in the affected person, thus threatening mental health. The current research aimed to develop the structural model of chronic pain based on mindfulness, social support, and life events with the mediating role of psychological distress.

This descriptive research used the structural equation modeling method. The population included all women and men suffering from chronic pain in Tehran city who had been referred to medical clinics in 1401 with complaints of musculoskeletal pain and rheumatoid arthritis. Four hundred and ninety-six patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Then, they completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Stressful Life Events Screening Questionnaire (SLESQ), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). Data were analyzed using SPSS v.25 and AMOS softwares.

The results showed a good fit of the model with experimental data. The effect of the coefficient of direct standard paths of mindfulness and the amount and number of stressors on the experience of chronic pain was significant, whereas the direct coefficient for social support and the number of stressors was insignificant (p<0.05). Also, the indirect path of mindfulness, social support, amount, and number of stressors on the experience of chronic pain through the mediating role of psychological distress was significant (p<0.05).

Mindfulness, social support as well as life events play important role in explaining chronic pain by mediating psychological distress. Thus, mental health professionals can use these factors to improve the mental health of the people with chronic pain.

Negative emotions are one of the things that a person with MS is dealing with and it reduces their opportunities to establish social interactions, and this issue threatens their social relationships, quality of life, and as a result, their mental health. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy on negative emotions in women with MS in Kermanshah.

The current research was of applied purpose type and in terms of methodology, it was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all women with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Kermanshah during 2019-2020 who had referred to the Imam Reza Educational-Therapeutic Center. In this research, in order to select the research sample, first of all, among the female patients with multiple sclerosis who were referred to the Imam Reza Educational-Therapeutic Center (AS) in Kermanshah to receive medical services, the research questionnaires were distributed (taking into account the observance of all health principles in the face of the corona virus disease), the data collection tool included the DASS-21 questionnaire. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS software were used for statistical analysis of data.

The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the overall negative emotions scores of the participants in the control group compared to the negative emotions scores of the participants in the first intervention group (schema therapy) and the participants in the cognitive behavioral therapy group. This is while there was no significant difference in the score of negative emotions between the two intervention groups of schema therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. This situation applies to the two components of depression and stress. That is, the level of depression and stress of the people in the two educational intervention groups has decreased significantly compared to the people in the control group, but there was no difference between the two intervention groups. Regarding the anxiety component, the results of the follow-up test indicate that although the anxiety of the two intervention groups has a mean difference (2.27 and 2.07) with the control group, this difference is not significant.

Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that there was no difference between the effects of schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing negative emotions.

This study was conducted with the aim of cultural approach in modeling traits of borderline personality disorder in adolescents based on theory of mind: the mediating role of problem solving styles.

The research method was structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all adolescents aged 15 to 18 years from schools in the five districts of Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019, using the multiplicity sampling method of 352 adolescents, boys and girls, as a selection sample and borderline personality questionnaires (BPI) of mind-reading from They completed the eye images (RMET) and problem solving styles questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and AMOS software and with the method of structural equation modeling.

The findings showed that theory of mind has an effect on borderline personality disorder traits by mediating problem solving styles in adolescents with a path coefficient of 0.68, theory of mind has an effect on problem solving styles with a path coefficient of 0.87. Also, problem solving styles have an effect on borderline personality disorder traits with a path coefficient of 0.65.

Therefore, it is possible to reduce the pathological symptoms of people with borderline personality disorder by considering the cultural background of teenagers and by teaching problem solving skills.

The rich Iranian literature is full of psychological issues, one of which is cognitive errors. The link between psychology and literature has existed for a long time, and this interaction has become even greater today. One of the most important issues that should be considered in the field of literature is assigning a special place to interdisciplinary studies including psychology and literature. In psychological literature, literary works are analyzed based on psychological theories. The issue of cognition and cognitive errors is one of the most important debates in the field of psychology. The cognitive errors in the works of some Persian literary masters are one of the controversial topics that need special attention and research. Knowledge, attitude, thoughts, and worldview of an author is a consequential element that shapes the content of a literary work. The difference in the perception of the same situation and experience in the works of different authors is the result of this difference in attitude, in this way; each author mixes what he perceives from his environment with his attitude and writes it in the framework of a poem or a literary text. For instance, phenomena such as death, life, love, and hate are described with different characteristics in the works of different writers. The purpose of this research is to determine the cognitive errors based on the theory of Aaron T. Beck in Nasir-i-Khusraw's Diwan and to identify the most frequent cognitive errors and distortions in this poet's Diwan. Cognitive errors and distortions in Nasir-i-Khusraw's poems have been observed to some extent due to the worldview and attitude of this poet, and Nasir-i-Khusraw's rational approach to issues has become the main cause of such intensity of using cognitive errors in his poems.

The utilized methodology in this recent research is analytical-descriptive of the type of content analysis and in document-library form, the statistical community, and the research area of Nasir-i-Khusraw's poetry library. Moreover, the means of collecting information are library sources and sources, and the analysis of the materials has been done in the form of qualitative analysis.

Cognitive errors and distortions, which are among the most important debates in the field of psychology, are thoughts and intellectual backgrounds that cause a person to perceive facts in an indirect and distorted manner, which in the long term leads to a shift in people's opinions, attitudes and perspectives about the world and all its surroundings.According to Aaron T. Beck's theory, these errors are divided into 17 types, and in some references, 10 types of errors, comprised of Mind Reading, Future Telling, Catastrophizing, Over-Generalizing, Personalizing, Blaming, Should, Regret Orientation, Negative Filter, Discounting Positives, Emotional Reasoning, dichotomous thinking, Labeling, Unfair Comparisons, judgment Focus, Ignoring Counter-Evidence, and What If cognitive errors.By studying Nasir-i-Khusraw's poems, much evidence is found that demonstrates a kind of pessimism, dissatisfaction, disappointment, the complaints of his historical era and its people, and other sad issues. What is the cause of such a sad atmosphere that casts a shadow on the poet's poems, is a topic worthy of research, which led the author to rely on the theory of "Cognitive Errors by Aaron T. Beck" - which is based on the relationship between depression and cognitive errors - in this Let's start searching in Divan poetry of the mentioned poet. Nasir-i-Khusraw is one of the most meaningful Persian poets whose philosophical thought system, is fundamentally based on the main purpose of poetry and literature is education, guidance, and advice. During the 11th century, the political unrest and the chaotic social conditions, which were the result of the rapid transformation of governments and related issues, made the need and created a significant demand to pay attention to moral discussions more obvious. The sensitivity to moral education reached its peak with the intensification of Ismaili activities in the fifth century.Education was so important in the eyes of Ismailia and Naser Khosrow that they were called people of education. From these aspects, it has been observed that Naser Khosrow's effort has always been based on this issue to call his audience to what is considered important according to his vision. Naser Khosrow's thoughts and views clearly can be observed in his poems and he always strived to behave at the same altitude he mentioned in his poems.In Nasir-i-Khusraw's Chakamahs, there are usually protesting verses addressed to the earth and the sky, God, the sky, fortune, and the people of his time. The frequency of complaints in Nasir-i-Khusraw poetry is high, but the quality and style of complaints in Nasir-i-Khusraw's Diwan, like many other themes and types of poetry, have found a unique form that directly originates from his special insight and ontology.His intention for these many complaints is not only for the sake of the current situation, but criticism for the purpose of reform and enlightenment, education, guidance, and personal and social reform. In this way, Nasir-i-Khusraw's complaints usually find a tone of instruction and advice. Since complaints can somehow be related to cognitive errors and include various types of cognitive errors, the examination of these poems will show us the cognitive errors in Nasir-i-Khusraw's poems, which was the meaning of the comment written in this research.

With the studies that have been conducted on Nasir-i-Khusraw's poems, much evidence was found that depicts a kind of pessimism, unhappiness, disillusionment, complaints of his historical era and its people, and other disastrous issues. On the other hand, factors such as bitter life events and depression, probably, cause a person's pessimistic attitude towards himself, his performance, others, the surrounding environment, the future, and ultimately the universe. Based on the research conducted in the poems of Nasir-i-Khusraw's Diwan, it has been observed that Labeling and Over-Generalizing cognitive errors are been observable in a significant portion of Nasir-i-Khusraw's Diwan. In fact, along with every cognitive error, the poet also makes a labeling error. Both Negative Filter and Dichotomous Thinking cognitive errors are also very considerable. The error of Judgment Focus is often seen due to fact of ignoring the evidence that contradicts the poet's thinking, and the poet associates his judgments with labeling, sometimes blaming and extreme generalization, and even prophesying and bipolar thinking. It has been seen to a significant extent. Catastrophizing error has also been relatively observed, which is mostly associated with labeling. The Blaming cognitive errors can be observed in an equal and average proportion. The error of Mind Reading is seen in a small portion, compared to other cognitive errors, and the error of Personalizing (self-blame) and selective abstraction, which could be categorized as a part of Negative Filter cognitive error, are the least conceivable cognitive errors in Nasir-i-Khusraw's Diwan, and perhaps the reason is his rational approach to the issues. That he always believed himself and his opinions to be right and insisted on them. The error of Regret Orientation has been observed as a realistic thought in the poet's poems because Nasir-i-Khusraw has always regretted the past because of the problems that have arisen for him during his life and also because of his worldview and perspective. Poems that are the result of Nasir-i-Khusraw's realistic thoughts can be seen everywhere in his poems, especially in the parts that refer to fate, predestination, or free will, or when he deals with the world and the lack of loyalty and kindness in it, or when he talks about people's fear of death. He points out that it is quite evident that some facts are unavoidable and sometimes distinguishing these facts from cognitive errors requires thinking and consulting with several referees, which was one of the limitations of the present research, without reservation.

To investigate the structural relationships between chronic pain and body mass index mediated by eating behaviors, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, and pain catastrophizing.

The research method was structural equation modeling and the statistical population of men and women with chronic pain referred to the orthopedic, physiotherapy, neurology wards of Al-Ghadir Hospital and orthopedic specialists of Farahbakhsh clinics in Tehran in spring, summer and autumn of 2022, of which 400 they were selected by purposive sampling method and participated in the research. Data were used to calculate participants' body mass index and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers & Defares, 1986), Chronic Pain (Vankorff et al, 1990), Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (Pain-Related Fear) (McCracken & Dhingra, 2002), Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire (Patterson and Reese, 1992) and Pain Catastrophic Scale (Sullivan, Bishop, & Pivik, 1995) were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling in Amos21 software.

The results showed that the model has a good fit with the observed data (df2c <3, GFI, AGFI and CFI> 0.90 and RMSEA <0.08). Chronic pain, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic pain, and eating behaviors can explain 29.6% of the variance in body mass index. 55.2% of the variance of eating behaviors is explained by chronic pain, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, and catastrophic pain.

To prevent and treat obesity in people with pain, the variables of pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic pain and eating behaviors should be targeted.

the selection of wise managers, human resources and efficient workforce is the most fundamental factor of production, construction, growth and development, therefore the most comprehensive knowledge of the concepts and structures related to human resources, special tools and finally the skill of using these tools It is necessary; Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between emotional creativity and wisdom in young middle managers.

The current research was a correlational cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this research was all middle level managers of private banks and Mahan Airlines in Tehran in the first half of the year 1400, from among them, 300 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), emotional creativity (April, 1999), and self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Lisrel-V8.8 software were used.

The research results showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that emotional creativity had a significant direct effect on wisdom. The indirect effect of emotional creativity on the wisdom of middle managers was confirmed with the mediation of self-esteem with 95% confidence (P=0.05).

The results obtained from this research showed that paying attention to the mentioned variables in the selection of managers and more appropriate design for cultivating wisdom helps senior managers and researchers.

New research indicate that even a mild level of depression are associated with a significant decrease in the quality of life in adults. Therefore, the existence of a natural, simple, accessible and cost-effective treatment method is needed by every person suffering from depression. The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of Ayurvedic knowledge, as a complementary medicine, with cognitive-behavioral therapy and also to examine the combination of these two therapies on the quality of life in depressed women.

The research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population includes 40 women aged 45-25 who were diagnosed with moderate depression by a psychiatrist and took the Beck depression test & by filling and signing the informed consent form, they expressed their consent to participate in the study and volunteered to participate in this research. They underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy, Ayurveda and combination of the two for 10 weeks based on the protocols. Data collection tools included World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire - short form. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement tests.

The average scores of the variable quality of life of depressed women in the Ayurvedic intervention group were 52.3 ± 5.33 before treatment and 54.1 ± 5.04 after treatment, and no significant difference was observed between them (P = 0.12). Treatment with cognitive-behavioral approach, before treatment was 43.7 ± 16.95 and after treatment was 54.95 ± 13.51, no significant difference was observed (P = 0.26) But in combined treatment before treatment was 61.8 ± 11.84 and after treatment it was 54.8 ± 7.73, So the difference between the average score in this method was significant (P = 0.038).

Considering the adverse effects of depression on the quality of life of women, the combination of Ayurveda as complementary medicine and cognitive-behavioral therapy can be beneficial in improving the quality of life in depressed women.

Given the considerable increase in the prevalence of obesity/overweight in Iran especially in school age children, it is important to identify the causes of childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to develop a model of childhood obesity based on maternal body mass index and parenting stress mediated by maternal feeding styles.

The statistical sample consisted of 460 students aged 7 to 11 from schools of Tehran with their mothers. Subjects were selected using cluster sampling method. After measuring the body mass index of children and their mothers, Parenting Stress Index- Short Form and Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire were completed by mothers. Data were analyzed by Amos software with using Structural Equation Method.

The model generally had a good fit. Based on the results of path analysis of maternal body mass index, parenting stress, emotional feeding, instrumental feeding, prompting/encouragement to eat, and controlling feeding directly predict the child's body mass index. The results showed that maternal body mass index and parenting stress also indirectly predict the child's body mass index through all of the maternal feeding styles subscales such as Emotional, Instrumental, Control and Encouragement feeding style.

The findings of this study showed that these relationships can predict childhood obesity as a model,  and can lead to useful insights into interventions in the first level of prevention.

People with borderline personality disorder have deficits in cognitive flexibility, theory of mind, and emotional intelligence. The aim of this study was determining the mediating role of emotional intelligence in explaining the causal relations between theory of mind and cognitive flexibility with borderline personality disorder traits in adolescents.

The present study was conducted by correlation method and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research was made up of all teenagers studying in schools of the 5th education region of Tehran in 2018-2019. 352 people were selected by available sampling method. The participants answered the Borderline Personality Inventory, the Cognitive flexibility questionnaire, the Reading the Minds of the Eyes Test and the Bradberry-Greaves’ Emotional Intelligence individually during one session. The results showed the total path coefficient between theory of mind (β=0.210, P<0.01) and cognitive flexibility (β=0.219, P<0.01) with negative borderline personality disorder traits and at the 0.01 level was significant. The path coefficient between emotional intelligence and borderline personality disorder traits was negative and significant at the 0.01 level (β=0.322, P < 0.01). Indirect path coefficient between theory of mind (P < 0.01, β = -0.113) and cognitive flexibility (P < 0.01, β = -0.109) with negative borderline personality disorder traits and at the level of 0.01 was significant. Therefore, emotional intelligence mediates the relations between theory of mind and cognitive flexibility with borderline personality disorder traits in a negative and significant path.

Cognitive and emotional factors can predict the borderline personality disorder traits in adolescents.

This research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of wisdom based on successful intelligence and philosophical mindset with the mediation of self-esteem in middle managers.

The cross-sectional research method is correlational and in order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling analysis was used. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the middle level managers of private banks and Mahan Airlines in Tehran in first half 1400, from among them, 300 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), successful intelligence (Sternberg, 2005), philosophical mindset (SmithSultani, 1375), and self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) were used, all of which are valid and had acceptable reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Lisrel-V8.8 software were used. The findings of the research showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that successful intelligence had a direct effect on wisdom. In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of successful intelligence on the wisdom of middle managers through self-esteem, it is confirmed with 95% confidence .

The results showed that philosophical mindset had a direct effect on wisdom. In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of philosophical mindset on the wisdom of middle managers through self-esteem, it is confirmed with 95% confidence.

Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps senior managers and researchers in choosing managers and designing more suitable for cultivating wisdom.

Due to the evolution of the brain during adolescence, adolescents are more likely to experience emotional reactivity and make incorrect decisions; in addition, this period is also considered the peak period for mental illness. Consequently, the present study aimed to explain the causal relationship between cognitive flexibility and borderline personality disorder traits in adolescents: the role of problem solving styles in mediating these relationships.  

The present research method was practical in terms of purpose and descriptive correlative in terms of the data collection method, which involved the use of structural equation modeling. Approximately 352 teenagers were selected by the available sampling method from the statistical population of the study which consisted of all teenagers studying in the 5th education region of Tehran in 2018-2019. In addition, they completed the borderline personality inventory (Leichsenring, 1999), the cognitive flexibility inventory (Dennis and Vander wal, 2010), and the problem-solving styles questionnaire (Cassidy and Long, 1996). The data were analyzed using the correlation research method and structural equation model method using the SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 software packages.

The results showed the total path coefficient between cognitive flexibility and borderline personality disorder traits (β = -0.263, P < 0.01) and the path coefficient between adaptive problem-solving styles and borderline personality disorder traits (β = -0.406, P < 0.01) were negative, and the path coefficient between maladaptive problem-solving styles and borderline personality disorder traits was positive (β = 0.275, P < 0.01). Additionally, the findings indicated that cognitive flexibility indirectly affected borderline personality disorder traits through problem-solving styles (P<0.01).

Many ancient literary works are full of sublime and valuable topics and concepts that are known as educational literature among literary genres. Even some of these educational resources have concepts that can be adapted to new theories of various sciences such as education and psychology. One of these new theories is the "Bandura learning" theory. In this article, the methods of education and learning and its adaptation to the above theory in the textbooks of the fifth to seventh centuries have been studied.

This article has been done by library-document method of content analysis.

By studying and examining the works of educational literature, evidence can be obtained that show that many creators of literary educational works have dealt with various methods and methods of education and learning, which in many cases can be consistent with new theories of psychological learning. These rich sources, which may have nurtured many contemporary theories of psychology, remain largely unknown in this regard. Examining these works and adapting them to contemporary learning theories such as Bandura theory is one of the innovative aspects of the present study.

Many of Bandura"s views on education can be seen in the textbooks of the fifth to seventh centuries, and each of these speakers in some way in their teaching stories and advice have referred to the elements of education and learning, among which theories. Triple interaction of person, environment and behavior; Observational learning, patterning and reciprocal algebra can be mentioned. Due to the fact that the educational materials, under the influence of previous works, are very similar to the statements and beliefs based on the theory of intertextuality, but the difference in their style and manner of expression has distinguished them.