فصلنامه طب مکمل
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 49، زمستان 1402)

Clinical education is one of the most important parts of training courses in the field of medicine and studies show many challenges in this field. This study was conducted to find the experiences of Persian medicine students in the field of ambulatory education in Iran University of Medical Sciences.

This qualitative study was conducted in 1400 using a content analysis approach. The Ph.D. students of Persian medicine were selected using a purposeful sampling with maximum diversity, and their experiences from ambulatory training were collected using a semi-structured interview method. Finally, the text of the conducted interviews was read several times and subjected to content analysis.

After interview with 15 students and saturating the data, three main categories including "educational program", "teaching methods" and "educational facilities" were identified. The main issues were related to educational planning and the characteristics and ability of teachers in teaching.

The experiences of the students showed that the educational program and objectives of the ambulatory education need to be improved, so that in order to manage common diseases, in addition to enriching the theoretical period, more patients should be introduced and discussed in the practical period in the presence of teachers. Also, more variety of patients, unification of diagnosis and treatment methods of teachers and optimization of the clinic environment are necessary.

Complementary and alternative medicine includes functions not conventionally integrated into the dominant healthcare system. Therefore, due to its great popularity, this study was done to investigate the application of complementary and alternative medicine in pregnant women referring to Kerman University of Medical Sciences health care centers in 2023.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 226 pregnant mothers with pregnancy records in the "Sib system" from 54 health centers in four geographical regions of Kerman were selected by simple random sampling. Information was collected by a questionnaire including demographic information, method, frequency, application, reasons for use, and effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine and analyzed by SPSSV23 software. The qualitative variables were described using frequency and percentage. The relationship between demographic variables and the application of complementary and alternative medicine was determined by logistic regression.

The results showed that more than 80% (n=189) of pregnant women used complementary medicine, more than 40% (n=93) reported high effectiveness, and more than 80%tried (n=160) at least one method. The most frequent use was in the herbal medicine section. More than 78% (n=178) used complementary medicine without doctor consultation, and the most common reason for use was safety and fewer side effects. The most frequently familiar way with complementary medicine was through family, friends, and acquaintances (65.93%, n=149), and the least was the health professionals and caregivers (6.20%, n=14). A significant relationship was observed between gestational age and the use of complementary medicine (P<0.05).

It is suggested that according to the origin of complementary and alternative medicine among pregnant women and its potential effects, trained specialists and caregivers provide recommendations regarding the use of complementary and alternative medicine. In this regard, pay more attention to the individual differences of pregnant mothers.

Melancholia in Iranian medicine is the name of a disease that was described by most of the physicians of the Islamic period. These physicians have classified melancholia as a brain disease. Most of the physicians of this period considered melancholia as a cause of Black bile in which thoughts and opinions change from their natural path towards corruption and fear.

This research with the aim of examining the views and opinions of Seyyed Ismail Jurjani, a physician of the 5th-6th century AH/11th century, on the topic of what is the concept of melancholia. For this purpose, the authored books of Jurjani, which has given an explanation of melancholy, such as "Zakhireye Khwarazmshahi, Khofi Alayee, Al-Aghrād al-Tibbīyah wa al-Mabāhith al-Alāīyah, and Yadegar" have been examined. Also, Noor software was used to examine the words "Melancholia", "Malencholia", "Melencholia" and "Macholia" in these books.

Jurjani considered the change in the temperament of the brain from soda as the cause of this disease. He considers a person suffering from melancholia to be a person who feels fear without reason and is sad and suspicious. Jurjani considered the emotional symptoms of a person suffering from melancholia to be in the nature of soda.

Jurjani has mentioned two types of cerebral melancholia and cooperative melancholia. In the discussion of cooperative members, Jurjani's opinion in "Al-Aghrād" complements her opinion in "Zakhire". Also, based on Jurjani's point of view, she paid attention to the nature of phlegm soda in order to improve the emotional symptoms of the sufferers and corrected the abnormal soda phlegm in the body.

The treatment of male sexual disorders, considering the side effects of chemical drugs, it is more desirable to identify appropriate approaches such as herbal medicines with fewer side effects. The aim of this study was to explain the role of onion (Allium cepa) as a complementary treatment in improving male sexual disorders. 

This review identified the existing studies from the beginning to 2023 related to the purpose of the article in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases with keywords “Allium cepa, Onion, Male sexual dysfunction, Erectile disorder, Libido, Men's sexual health, and Testosterone”.

Totally, 17 articles related to the research topic were included in the final review. Onion products (including juice, aqueous extract, skin, ethyl acetate fraction, and seed extract) were used, mostly orally consumed over a period of 10-60 days. 

Onion through increasing testosterone (with the mechanisms of increasing LH production, antioxidant properties, improving insulin resistance, increasing nitric oxide production, and changing the activity of AMP 5-activated protein kinase) as well as treating erectile dysfunction and on the other hand improving reproductive status with positive effects on sperm (number, survival and motility) and its effects against infectious agents may have positive effects on male reproductive system. Although, there is a lot of evidence that onions can improve male sexual disorders, clinical trials are necessary to confirm this effect of onion in humans.

Exercise interventions combined with medicinal plants are effective in preventing or reducing cancer symptoms and side effects caused by cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval training and consumption of Urtica dioica hydroalcoholic extract on selecteted factors of immune and growth in C57BL/6 rats with melanoma cancer.

In this experimental study, 20 C57BL/6 rats were randomly divided into four groups include control (cancer), Urtica dioica (cancer), and Urtica dioica - interval training (cancer). Experimental groups received nettle extract of 30 mg daily per kilogram of body weight. The interval exercise program included running on a treadmill 60 minutes at a speed of 28 meters per minute, five days a week for six weeks. Levels of nucleotide exchange factor (Apg-2), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death protein-1 (PD-1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) of rats was measured by Real Time PCR method. The data were analyzed and analyzed by One -way variance analysis and the Toky's test at the P<0.05.

interval training led to significant increase in gene expression of APG2, CTLA4 and decrease in IGFBP2 (P<0.001). Urtica dioica extract led to significant decrease in IGFBP2 (P<0.010). interval training with Urtica dioica extract led to significant increase in gene expression of APG2 and decrease in IGFBP2 compared to the Urtica dioica group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean of PD-1 gene expression in different groups (P=0.158).

According to the results, interval training with Urtica dioica hydroalcoholic consumption has more advantages in regulating gene expression of some growth and immune factors in melanoma cancer than interval training and Urtica dioica consumption alone.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders a high percentage of patients with depression (two-thirds of them) have prominent anxiety symptoms. Hence, the existence of a natural, simple, accessible, and affordable treatment method is required by every person suffering from depression. The purpose of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Ayurveda knowledge as a complementary medicine approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and the combination of the two, on reducing anxiety in depressed women.

The research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population includes 40 women aged 45-25 who were diagnosed with moderate depression by a psychiatrist and took the Beck depression test. They volunteered to participate in this research by filling and signing the informed consent form. Participants were placed in four groups of 10 people with a simple random allocation method, underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy, Ayurveda and combination of the two for 10 weeks based on the protocols. Data collection tools were Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) (1996) & Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (1983). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures.

The intergroup effect test was significant in state anxiety (P=0.003) and trait anxiety (P<0.001). The partial ETA value indicated that approximately 31% of the variation in state anxiety and 46% in trait anxiety could be explained by the treatment groups. The results of comparing the averages between the groups with Tukey's test showed that there was a significant difference in trait anxiety between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Ayurvedic therapy as well as combined therapy (1.53 ± 7.4) (P<0.001). ), also there was a significant difference in state anxiety between cognitive-behavioral therapy and Ayurvedic treatment 1.88 ± 5.43 and between cognitive-behavioral therapy and combined therapy 1.88 ± 7.133 (p=0.003). There was no significant difference between the experimental group of Ayurveda and combined treatment. (P = 1.00)

According to the obtained results, the combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and Ayurveda can have a better and more stable effect in reducing the anxiety of depressed women.

Pomegranate is a plant with an ancient history that has been widely used in medical sciences and its components have many properties. The aim of the present research is to synthesize pomegranate peel extract and investigate its antibacterial effects on a group of bacteria of intestinal bacteria and compare its antibacterial properties with phenol.

In this experimental study, pomegranate peel extract was extracted with the hydro alcoholic method. The Antibacterial effect of pomegranate peel extract was performed via disc diffusion and micro broth dilution methods on standard species of intestinal bacteria. All experiments were performed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). This study has been registered with the ethical code IR.KHALUMS.REC.1402.006 in the Ethics Committee of Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences.

The MIC of pomegranate peel extract for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were 12.5%, 12.5%, 25% and 6.25%, respectively. Also, the MBC of pomegranate peel extract for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were obtained 25%. The zone of inhibition for Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria was 18, 19, 16 and 22, respectively.

The results of this study has been showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of the pomegranate peel is very effective in the removal of intestinal bacteria in vitro. Also extract than phenol in lower contact time cause killing these bacteria.

Due to the increase in public interest in the use of traditional and complementary medicine in various diseases, it is necessary in order to adopt a suitable policy that  know the extent of people's use, the type of use and the characteristics of the people. We aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of complementary and alternative medicine use and the reason of use among patients suffering from HIV/AIDS in Fasa city.

This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 96 patients with HIV/AIDS at the behavioral disease counseling center in Fasa city. The sample size was determined by census. Two questionnaires were used to collect data: a researcher-made questionnaire to examine the frequency of complementary and alternative medicine use and other questionnaire was the Quality of Life of the World Health Organization for people with HIV (WHOQOL-HIV). The data analysis for this study involved the use of descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, independent t-test, and logistic regression model.

Of 96 patients, 78.12% reported using traditional medicine. The most common used type were cupping and medicinal plants. Chamomile and thyme were the most popular herbs used. The most common reason for using chamomile was relaxation, and they often used thyme to increase the general health of the body.

It is necessary to implement appropriate policies and practical responses to increase traditional and complementary medicine use so these services are available safely, timely and with sufficient quality.