فهرست مطالب محیا آبیاری قمصری

The Nahj al-Balāghah is a valuable work for which its analysis and interpretation from a formalist viewpoint reveals both its external and internal resplendency and elegance. The formalists examine the exterior and structural aspects of the work and inspect it while disregarding historical, social, psychological and marginal contexts surrounding it. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method, attempts to analyze and examine the 16th sermon of the Nahj al-Balāghah by relying on formalistic criteria. This goal has been achieved by examining and analyzing the texture of the literary work and its constituent elements, i.e. consonants and vowels, syllables, images, metaphors and more. The findings of the research point to the conclusion that Imam Ali (as) was as much attentive to the structure and form as he was towards context. Imam Ali (as) has created meanings beyond the words’ significance by embellishing the form of the work with all kinds of artistic and expressive techniques.

The Nahj al-Balāghah is a valuable work for which its analysis and interpretation from a formalist viewpoint reveals both its external and internal resplendency and elegance. The formalists examine the exterior and structural aspects of the work and inspect it while disregarding historical, social, psychological and marginal contexts surrounding it. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method, attempts to analyze and examine the 16th sermon of the Nahj al-Balāghah by relying on formalistic criteria. This goal has been achieved by examining and analyzing the texture of the literary work and its constituent elements, i.e. consonants and vowels, syllables, images, metaphors and more. The findings of the research point to the conclusion that Imam Ali (as) was as much attentive to the structure and form as he was towards context. Imam Ali (as) has created meanings beyond the words’ significance by embellishing the form of the work with all kinds of artistic and expressive techniques.

Formalistic school has so many methods to elucidate the language and meaning of a text for the readers. The school by utilising a literal way in both prose and verse ,analyses efficient elements and factors which demonstrates the difference between a literal and a non-literal text. The writers of this research by using a descriptive-analytic method ,and formalism elements not only analysing the 18th sermon of Nahj-al-balagh but also study the deepest layers of writer's mind.Accordingly, the narrative text of the sermon has been studied in accordance with two principles of deviation and the extra regulatory to manifest literary beauty used therein is expressed. From the findings of the research, it turns out that the aforementioned text is at its highest in terms of aesthetic elements, and the coherence and continuity between expressions and sentences, and also the steadiness and consistency of the appearance and the inner meaning of the text are clearly visible.

In 20th century,most text-oriented literary criticism had their roots in linguistic studies.Formalism,one of the most modern movement of the twentieth century, drew special attention to its “formal” features that is, to the qualities and internal relations of linguistic signs. Formalists highlighted the shape and form of the text to analyse the cohesion of literary text, therefore they paid less attention to historical context, the purpose of the work and poet’s life.
In the present study, the sermon “creation the peacock” of “Nahj al-Balagha” is analyzed by using and inspiring perspective of formalist criticism to approach the balance between form and meaning and to analyze the important criteria of the text to approach Intertextual relations of the text and its structural functions.
The findings of this study by using the balance between the phonetic, lexical, figurative, allusive statements, virtual applications and Defamiliarization of the full text of the sermon approaches the purpose of the sermon ,which is the beauty explanation of the creation of Peacock.

Critical analysis of power discourse in Zeinab Habash’s poems
Discourse analysis is a modern approach which flourishing and growing in the context of postmodernism. Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework in critical discourse analysis is one of the most practical aspects of this theory that includes analysis of (spoken or written) language texts, analysis of discourse practice (processes of text production, distribution and consumption) and analysis of discursive events as instances of sociocultural practice. The writers of the essay by utilizing the Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework, analyze the power discourse in Zainab Habash’s poems, and also try to discover the connection and relation between the poet’s works and oppressive atmosphere of totalitarian society. The achievement of this essay is, explaining the influence of Palestine political situations on resistance poetry. Zeinab Habash in her resistant poems tries to be the protesting sound of her countrymen to make the social and political discourse interacted, which can make a great change in her society.