فهرست مطالب khadijeh moradi

The aim of this investigation was to examine the alterations in the nucleotide sequence of CAPN2 and CAPN3 genes among a population consisting of nine Japanese quails. The study also aimed at determining the genetic diversity within these populations, as well as establishing their phylogeny relationship with other species. To achieve these goals, data on nucleotide sequences for both CAPN2 and CAPN3 were extracted from 62 different species available in World Gene Bank (NCBI), alongside that found for Japanese quail samples and analyzed using DnaSP software coupled with MEGA program techniques. The results showed that CAPN2 gene polymorphism was more than the CAPN3 gene in Japanese quail and as a result, the conserved regions in CAPN3 gene were more compared to the CAPN2 gene. The numerical value of dN/dS ratio for Japanese quail was estimated in the CAPN3 gene (0.94) and in the CAPN2 gene 0.68, which respectively indicate neutral selection and purifying selection on these two genes during evolution. The results of the neutral evolution test (Tajima's D) for CAPN2 and CAPN3 genes in all the discussed species were positive and more than one, which indicates positive selection for these genes in all the studied species. The findings of this investigation can aid in identifying the areas within CAPN2 and CAPN3 genes linked to distinct phenotypic traits seen in the examined species. Analysis of phylogeny revealed that these two genes have displayed varying evolutionary responses along different studied species,

The marriage contract is the initial step in forming a family. Therefore, it is particularly important to scrutinize prenuptial conditions. One such condition pertains to abstaining from vaginal penetration. This article delves into the legal status of this condition and guarantees its fulfillment. Given that the condition is not explicitly outlined in current Iranian laws, Article 167 of the Constitution and Article 3 of the Civil Procedure suggest that judges should refer to valid Islamic jurisprudential sources for guidance. Jurists exhibit divergent views on this condition, rooted in disparities regarding the nature and requisites of marriage. Employing an analytical-descriptive approach and sourcing information from the library, this research critiques various perspectives. It concludes that, since sexual intercourse is not inherently demanded by the nature of marriage, the condition of no vaginal penetration is valid. The guarantee for this condition lies in its obligatory prohibition, and its positive assurance is indemnity in lieu of defloration (arsh al-bikāra).

One of the controversial issues in the principles of jurisprudence under the topic of balance and preference is the possibility of using or non- using of unwritten preferences, which will have a significant effect on Ijtihad. The famous saying of fundamental scholars in jurisprudence (named Osulion) is based on using unwritten preferences. Regarding the dependence of jurisprudence and the principles of jurisprudence (Osul Fiqh), as well as the interaction and correlation of Imami Fiqh with the legal system of Iran and considering the fundamental importance of the family in terms of individual and social, and the problems and legal gaps in this field, this article has an attempt to provide a practical explanation in this context. In this research, firstly, the use of unwritten preferences in the principles of jurisprudence has been investigated, then the applications that may exist in family law have been discussed. Finally, in order to fill the existing gaps, in Article 167 of the Constitution Law, jurisprudence sources have been referred to. It is necessary to mention that unwritten preferences are used in the principles (Osul) to prefer between two narrations, but in jurisprudence and law, especially family law, it is considered to distinguish the issue.

Khanmirza plain is one of the plains of cold and temperate regions of Iran, with an average rainfall of 500 mm per year and sufficient nutrition in terms of surface resources, the subsidence event is currently happening in it with a rapid trend. In terms of geostructure, Khanmirza plain is located in the folded Zagros zone in the south of the Dana fault, and the presence of piezometers protruding from the soil, as well as the presence of springs, etc., are signs of crustal movement on the surface of this plain. For this purpose, with the aim of evaluating the tectonic activity of the region in creating the phenomenon of subsidence from some geomorphic indices such as basin shape index (BS), river longitudinal gradient (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (AF), reverse topography symmetry index (T), integral index Hypsometry (H) of the region's subsidence was studied tectonically. Likewise, the subsidence rate was determined using radar interferometry. Examining these indicators showed that the indicators of basin shape (BS), river longitudinal gradient (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (AF), reverse topography symmetry index (T) are active tectonics in the region. Earth construction activities have caused the plain to stretch and become asymmetric on both sides of the main river. Likewise, the results of radar interferometry in the two-year period indicate that parallel to subsidence (at a rate of 9 cm) in some parts of the plain, other parts are facing uplift (at a rate of 21 cm).Collapse and subsidence can be caused by natural geological phenomena such as earthquakes, dissolution of limestone, chalk and salt rocks, melting of ice and compaction of deposits, slow movements of the crust and the release of lava from the solid crust of the earth, or activities human activities such as mining, extracting underground fluids such as underground water, oil or gas (Galloy and Barbie, 2011: 1459). Radar interferometry has been widely used by Earth researchers since the early 1990s (Shirani et al.: 2013). This technique can be used to measure displacements resulting from many phenomena such as earthquakes, landslides and subsidence. In general, there are nearly six hundred plains in Iran, and it is likely that more than half of them are subject to subsidence (Kia Sharifi, 2010: 58).

In order to evaluate the tectonic situation of the region, from topographic maps 1:50000 and geological map 1:100000 to calculate basin shape index (BS), river longitudinal gradient (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (AF), symmetry index Inverted topography (T), hypsometric integral index (H) from (DEM) 30 meters and topographic map were used, which were processed in GIS environment. D-InSAR radar images were used in the period from 2003 to 2005, which were processed in ENVI 5.3 software. Radar interferometry technique

How to calculate the SL river gradient index: The SL index is calculated for the middle point between two flow curves. Symmetry index of transverse topography (T): this index can also specify the state of symmetry and, as a result, the active or inactive state of the region. Drainage basin asymmetry index (AF): The asymmetry index is a method to evaluate the existence of tilts caused by tectonic activities at the scale of the drainage basin. Basin Shape Ratio Index (BS): Basins that have an elongated shape are tectonically active. And the shape of basins that are tectonically inactive tends to be round. Integral Hypsometric Index: Integral Hypsometric is an index that calculates the height of the entire area in relation to the area of the entire area. The values of this index show the transformation stages of the landscape in the erosion cycle. Today, radar interferometry, as a technique that estimates the displacement of the earth's surface with high accuracy and resolution, is a common tool for investigating the change of the earth's surface due to various factors, including land subsidence. In this technique, an interferogram can be prepared using two satellite images. So that by using the interferometric tool, the phases of the return signal from the ground are subtracted from each other in two time-delayed satellite images of the same region to extract changes in the ground surface. The radar interferometry technique uses Sarscape software as one of the powerful tools in the digitization of satellite images to survey the changes in the earth's surface. In this research, 12 Envisat satellite images from the European Space Agency were prepared

 The amount of subsidence calculated from 10 paired images is 9 cm drop in a two-year period, and the amount of elevation obtained from the images was calculated as 21 cm in a two-year period. By comparing these two numbers, it can be concluded that in this basin, the uplift rate is twice as high as the subsidence rate.The obtained values show that in addition to groundwater extraction as one of the main and common causes of subsidence, considering the tectonic factor in areas such as the Khanmirza watershed with high rainfall input is one of the main reasons for its formation.

Sports environments are the most suitable places to release mental pressures and mental conflicts. Athletes have a better coping mechanism and higher self-esteem due to participation in team sports in the face of stress, and their social adaptation is also strengtheneddue to the dynamics of sports activities and communication with the group. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the role of Team sports in social adjustment, self-image and self-efficacy of female students first secondary school in Kermanshah.

The research method was semi-experimental. Thirtyparticipantswere randomly selected from female students in first secondary school in Kermanshah in the academic year 1400-1401 (15 in each control and experimental groups). Bell’s social adjustment questionnaire (1961), Afzal’s self-image questionnaire (1373), and sherer’s self-efficacy questionnaire (1982) were used to collect data. The resulting data were analyzed.

The results showed that in the post-test there is a significant difference between social adjustment in the experimental and control groups. In addition, a significant improvement was observed from pre-test to post-testin the experimental group. It was also observed that there is a significant difference between self-efficacy and self-image in the experimental and control groups after the test. In addition, in the experimental group, significant improvement was observed from pre-test to post-test. Therefore, it can be concludedthat team sports can significantly improve social adaptation, self-esteem and self-image in the sample.

According to the research results, parents and physical education teachers should consider participation in sports as an effective approach. Moreover, using the findings of this research in the school environment can be a positive practical guide for teachers and school parents regarding the physical activity of students (especially precocious adolescent girls).

From the point of view of geo structure, the location of Khanmirza plain in the folded Zagros zone in the south of the Dena fault and the presence of piezometers protruding from the soil, the presence of springs etc. are signs of crustal movement on the surface. The purpose of this research is to use geological information, seismological information, and satellite images in order to obtain a view of the tectonic activity of the present era in the Khanmirza plain, as well as to simplify the displacement calculation, to evaluate the displacement of the earth's surface and the parameters affecting this displacement, and providing a suitable model for this plain. In this study, the displacement rate of the earth's surface for 8 years (2003-2010) was calculated using D-InSAR radar images and radar interferometry. The effective parameters of the DEM elevation layer, slope, slope direction, profile curvature, surface curvature, distance from The road, the distance from the fault, the density of the fault, and the earthquake's intensity were obtained from the GIS environment. Furthermore, multivariate regression in the SPSS environment presented the best model for this plain. In this environment, the 8-year displacement rate was considered dependent, and the rest of the parameters were considered independent variables. The results were challenged in the STEPWISE model. The results showed that among the 13 methods, the 13th method is the best regional model for calculating crustal mobility in this plain by providing the best correlation coefficient of 0.826, a determination coefficient of 0.682, an adjusted determination coefficient of 0.675, and a standard error of 99%. Moreover, the average movement in this basin is a 10 cm rise for 8 years.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience in premature children of pre-school age children under the well-being of Kashan.

This research was semi-experimental and pre-test-posttest with control group was used. The sample consisted of 30 non-affiliated children who were selected by available sampling method and based on entry and exit criteria from the day-care center. They were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 subjects. Measurement tools were the Conner Dodson Resilience Scale (2003), which was completed by participants in the pretest-posttest phase. Then, the participants in the experimental group participated in eight 90-minute treatment sessions based on admission and commitment.

The mean score of resilience before the intervention in the experimental group was 47.65 which after the intervention reached 93.15 and in the follow-up stage reached 87.92 and in the control group these scores increased from 78.59 to 72.64 in the post-intervention stage and 44.36 in the follow-up stage Resilience was in the control group. Acceptance and commitment therapy had a greater effect on resilience in the participants of the experimental group than the control group. Based on the results of analysis of covariance, acceptance and commitment therapy increased resilience.

Considering the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increasing resilience of homeless children covered by welfare, the importance of using this treatment compared to other treatments to increase resilience and ability to cope with problems should be considered.

Many factors are related to students’ academic achievement and many studies have been conducted in this regard, but can the components of positive youth development also be related to students' academic achievement?

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between positive youth development and students' academic achievement.

The present study was descriptive-correlational on high school students in the city of Tehran. To this aim, 400 students (200 girls, 200 boys) were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Measures used in this study were the Arnold et al. (2014) Positive Youth Development Questionnaire and the students' GPA.

The results of Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive associations between the components of competence, confidence, mood, caring, connection, and contribution with academic achievement (p<0.05). Results of analysis of variance indicated significant differences between the two groups of boys and girls. These differences were significant in the components of competence, confidence, mood, caring, connection, and contribution. The female group significantly scored higher than boys in all components of positive of positive youth development (p<0/01).

The positive youth developmental components play an important role in students' academic achievement and can lead to improved academic achievement.

Cancer remains one of the most important illnesses of the present century and is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease despite significant advances in medical science. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between D type personality and self-compassion with health behaviors in women with breast cancer taking into account the moderating role of perceived stress. The study population consisted of all women with breast cancer who referred to Imam Hossein Hospital. The research sample size consisted of 70 patients who were selected using convenience sampling method. The research tools were Denollet D type personality questionnaire, Neff self-compassion questionnaire, Logas health status questionnaire and Cohen et al perceived stress questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical methods of correlation between variables, or structural correlation in structural equation modeling. Data were analyzed using Amos software. The results of the study show that the proposed model has a suitable fit (RMSEA=0/05), thus there is a significant correlation between self-compassion, D type personality and perceived stress with the health behaviors of women with breast cancer referring to medical hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (a=0.01). The regression coefficient between self-compassion and health behaviors with the highest correlation was positive. Also, the relationship of perceived stress with positive health behaviors was positive. While personality D showed a negative relationship with health care behaviors. The results of this study showed that D type personality, self-efficacy and perceived stress have a significant role in predicting health behaviors. By focusing on these structures, we can achieve more stable and better therapeutic results in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer patients.

This study was aimed to modeling the structural relationship between academic achievements based on academic emotions and academic engagement with the mediating role of positive development. The statistical population consisted of all secondry school students in Tehran city in the academic year of 1395-1396. The sample comprised 400 boys and girls who were selsected through srtratified random sampling method. The research instruments were: A) the academic emotions Questionnaire (Pekran and other), B) the academic engagement Questionnaire (Archambelt and other), and C) the positive development Questionnaire (Lerner and other). The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that: Positive emotions had direct effect on academic achievements, but negative emotions have no direct effect on academic achievements. Academic engagement had a direct effect on academic achievements. Positive development had direct effect and significant on academic achievements. academic engagement through mediated of positive development had effect on academic achievement, and positive academic emotions through mediated of positive development had effect on academic achievement Therefore, it is essential to consider the components of positive academic emotions and students' academic engagement for students' academic achievement.

Abstract

Diabetes illness is one of the most common disorders in which psychological aspects play an important role in their development and development. Negative excitements such as anxiety and depression have been identified in diabetes. One of the ways to reduce negative emotions in patients is to teach life skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on decreasing depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This quasi-experimental study was a trial and control group and a pretest design, a post-test with a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of all type II diabetic patients was referred to Ravand clinic of Kashan. In this study, patients who had more scores in the scale of depression and anxiety were selected according to entry criteria for a sample size of 30 people and were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention in a group and control subjects were included in the waiting list. Both groups responded to the Beck Depression and Anxiety Scale before and after the experiment and were evaluated again after three months. To analyze the data, repeated measures variance analysis were used.

The results showed that life skills training significantly decreased the level of depression (F = 10.70, P = 0.003) and anxiety (F = 15.62, p = 0.001), and the results were also observed in the follow up phase was stable.

In general, the use of life skills training helps to raise awareness and change the attitudes of people and, ultimately, reduce disease.

The aim of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Positive Youth Development Inventory (PYDI; Arnold, Nott, & Meinhold, 2012). Four hundred students were randomly selected from senior high schools of Tehran city using multistage sampling method. The participants completed the PYDI. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability were between 0.74 and 0.83. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the PYDI had an acceptable fit. All fit indices supported the model. The results indicated the construct validity and factorial structure of the PYDI as well. The composite reliability of second order latent factor had a coefficient of 0.91 which indicated a good reliability for the second order factor and whole inventory. The findings suggest that the PYDI has acceptable psychometric properties in Iranian adolescents and can be employed as a valid and reliable instrument in this population.

The purpose of this study is answering to the question whether FRBR have a semiotic structure? Can FRBR model Be evaluated on the basis of semiotics?

conceptual analysis. Concepts of models by two prominent theorist semiotics field, "Saussure and Pierce" has been studied and the comparative study of the concepts discussed in these models with FRBR's entities and relationships.

Study the principles and concepts of Saussure and Pierce in FRBR Revealed that work and expression entities can be considered as a sign. Based on the dyadic model of Saussure has two aspects, mental content as the signifier and meaning as the signified which together make. The work as a sign can influence other signs and produce a new meaning. FRBR's entities also have capabilities matching to Pierce's triad model. When person show their mental ideas, work entity is created. The work created in the face of different people creates different expression .Similarly, expression entity when presented in different formats is held as items. FRBR's entities have the same function as the signs.

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common disorders of adolescence and youth, and the most important types of these disorders are social anxiety disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of social skills and dysfunctional belifes as the mediator of the relationship between family function and social anxiety. The design of research was correlation a path analysis. The population of this study was all girls and boys of the first grade high school students in Shahrekord. 1000 boys and girl’s high school students (500 girls and 500 boys) were selected randomly using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Participants responded to Family Functioning Social Skills, Dysfunctional Beliefs, and Social Anxiety Scales. Data were analyzed using path analysis, and AMOS statistical software. The findings showed that the proposed model has good fit, and are significant all of diret path coefficients of propositional model. Also, the communication skill and dsyfunctional beliefs are signification medications between family function and social anxiety. It can be concluded that for the treatment of anxiety disorders, comprehensive care should be taken, including family assessment, other dimensions of family life, reduction of dysfunctional beliefs, and strengthening communication skills

Imami Jurists believe that father and paternal grandfather have been introduced as natural parents of minor, insane and lunatic (whose insanity and lunacy has been continuous to their minority period) but Sunny jurists have different opinions about Natural Guardianship; therefore, Maliki and Hanbali jurists have not applied and exercised the paternal grandfather as a guardianship in their schools. Iranian legislators have followed Imami jurists and the natural guardianship of the father and grandfather has been explicitly required in civil law. Islamic jurists and consequently Iranian legislators, in order to protect ward, have required vast powers for natural guardian; therefore, the father and paternal grandfather have full power to represent the ward’s property and the presumption is that the interest of the ward is observed; therefore, as long as the interest of the ward is observed the activities of the natural father or the parental grandfather are legally effective and enforceable, unless the contrary is established. However, sometimes the natural parent does not do his corresponding duties and misuses his power and applies his personal purposes and doesn’t observe the interests of the ward and causes loss to him or her. In the present study, an attempt has been made to deal with treachery and violation by natural guardian and explaining the samples of the violations of natural guardian. Also, in this study, the responsibility of natural parent about ward and also the viewpoints of Islamic jurists and Iranian legislators have been discussed. Deposing the natural guardian who has violated is the strategy and the executive guarantee that Imami jurists have predicted for the treachery and incompetency of natural guardian. Also, in some Sunny denominations, deposing the natural parent has been predicted. Pairing the trustee to natural parent was the strategy predicted by legislators for executive guarantee which was not effective. Finally, the law has been developed for adapting Imami view and fulfilling the requirements. For this purpose, deposing of natural parent has been predicated in article 1184 of civil law for protecting the ward and observing the interests of the ward.

Abestention right in marriage is one of the legal rights for the wife which is recognized in Shia Jurisprudence and Civil Law which means that in case of due marriage portion the wife can refrain from her duties beyond the husband until receive the whole of marriage portion. The matter which this article attempts to deal with, is whether, despite the husband's insolvency of paying the marriage portion, the wife still has a lien?
Hereof, three theories of the total Islamic jurists decisions, have inferred (extinction of lien theory, non-extinction of lien theory, and the differentiation theory between knowledge and ignorance of the wife regarding the husband's insolvency). Although, Article 1085 of the Civil Law and No.708 of Supreme Court Precedent are in accordance with the second view, which is famous Shia Jurisprudence, but this research, has considered the third idea as justice and fairness, because of the action rule and authentication of the implicit extinction of lien for the wife who is aware of the insolvency of husband, and according to some contemporary Jurisprudence, believe that the first paying of installment in case of ignorance of wife while the court of justice judge on Payment by Instalment of Marriage Portion, extinction of lien is more compatible with religion, family Interest and community.

The conflict between istishab sababi and istishab mosabebi means that doubt in one is caused by doubt in the other. This is a subject matter of the Principles of Jurisprudence. It was put forth for the first time by Sheikh Tusi and after him other experts of the Principles of Jurisprudence too discussed it. There is no doubt that istishab sababi is prior to mosabebi, but the controversy is about the reason and basis of this priority. Some of the jurisprudents maintain that istishab sababi governs istishab mosabebi and if istishab sababi is enforced, there is no room for istishab mosabebi. Others believe that the priority is based on launching, while others argue that if istishab mosabebi is given priority, a vicious circle will appear. Therefore, in order to avoid vicious circle istishab sababi should be given priority over istishab mosabebi. Imam Khomeini maintains that if istishab is of rational or normative kind, the istishab sababi would not have priority over istishab mosabebi, but if it is canonical (Shari), the inferential (ijtihadi) whose context is prepared by the istishab sababi, in this case istihab mosabebi is given priority.

The Right of God is one of the key concepts in Islamic jurisprudence and it is the direct or indirect foundation of all the rules of Islam. This study has not only proven this mentioned fact but has also shown that the “Right” in that phrase has different meanings from “The right of human” phrase; one of them is factual and the other one is metaphorical .These two words are not even literally equivalent; their owners are essentially and fundamentally dual; this has changed the nature of their rights fundamentally. Also this evolution has resulted in grave differences and these differences have separated these two types of “Rights” from one other. The separation is such deep that it cannot be ignored and hence these two words, apart from their distinct instances, cannot be considered as synonyms; thus there is not any theoretical solution unless we consider one of them as factual and the other one as metaphorical. In the second step the study has argued that if the word “right” collocates with God (ALLAH), it is a metaphor and if it collocates with “human” (ALNA: S), it is factual. Furthermore, it has been argued that since “right “stems from need, shortness, and weakness, the right must be useful for its owner and its non-compliance must make him suffer and finally deprivation of any right must be potentially possible; this possibility is the evidence of the weakness of its owner in protecting his right and because of these three reasons, God has not the position of possession of right, so he has not any right legally. At last, it has been proven that because these two rights have different meanings, origins and interpretations, they are not synonyms and, therefore, it is impossible to generalize their rules to each other. These rules and principles cannot be considered in Islamic jurisprudence rules as “The rights of God”. It is 1. 2. clear that since god does not have any rights and the phrase of “right of god” is a metaphor, in spite of correctness or wrongfulness of this argument, a concept that does not have any external manifestation and cannot be imagined in a mind, determination of its character is illogical. This article deals with negative logic before proving that the right of god is a metaphor.

The existence of technical &theoretical knowledge for the assessment of gullies helps to the distinction of gully locales on topographical map& their digital model. Anyhow, the ability to use of topographical map (DEM) for the assessment of gullies situation needs to the necessary knowledge about the process of gully formation and the frequency of gullies. The present research has been carried out for the assessment of locales prone to gully formation in Dyereh.The substances& methods used in this research consist of the layers of DEM model& the secondary layers extracted from it, stream power index, land use, canals, lithology & the ways existent in the catchment& the collection of circular data. The above data has been analyzed in Arc GIS environment and its results have been scrutinized with chi-square test.According to the acquired results of this research in Dyereh catchment 5 factors (inclination, inclination’s horizontal curvature, land use, distance of the road, and lithology) among 8 factors have been recognized as the main factors in gully formation. Among these 5 factors the class of inclination 0-4/1 in which 33/22% of Dyereh from its total area has been located, has the most effect on the gully formation in this catchment.

Kermanshah station as station coordinates 34 degrees 21 minutes north latitude and 47 degrees9 minutes east longitude has been extreme temperature fluctuations and predict for the analysis of Kermanshah and their relationship with the NAO is considered to carry out this study، data relating to the maximum annual absolute maximum temperature.. رnowadays one of the most important discussions in the scientific circle is the discussion about climatic changes’ increase in the average temperature of the globe and its consequence that more or less has been paid attention to in our country as well. In this research the attempt was to pay attention to the survey of increase data in the maximum temperature of Kermanshah. Farin make the temperature effect on natural and human ecosystems And directly associated with the human condition and comfort climate And their role in natural processes and human activities is undeniable The temperature in the precipitation of the most important climatic factors considered in determining the distribution of roles and other elements that affect climate. Thus the annual absolute maximums of date in the specific station during a 50- year period (1961-2010) have been used. The correlation method (logarithmic’ poly nominal) and Mann- Kendall statistical test have been used for testing the meaningfulness of fluctuation direction of series temperature and its diagram has been drawn by using the MATLAB software. The results show that the temperatures of two decades of 1970 and 1980 have been lower and three decades of 1990 and 2000 have been higher than the long- term average and the decade of 1980 has been the coldest of the decades. The general result of this research shows that there are seasonal fluctuations in maximum temperature of Kermanshah which are not meaningful. The model of halt winter has been recognized as the best model for predicating the temperature of maximum extreme of Kermanshah which the diagram in a Minitab was drawn and the results of this predication shows that there is an abnormal increase in the temperature of 2014 and 2019. the temperature of the elements which are directly related to climatic conditions and welfare of human life and its role in human activities and natural processes is undeniable. The precipitation temperature is considered the most important elements in determining the role of climate and climate affect the distribution of other elements (Alijani and Ghavidel Rahimi، 1384). The sharp changes in temperature adversely impacts to biological lifeforms. Among the adverse effects of temperature changes is (hot and cold wave) loss of organisms in the ecological conditions of low and high temperature range. Similarly the effects of this phenomenon on the climate construction of facilities and buildings is very high and the occurrence of such phenomena losses will be very large. Increase in energy consumption during the occurrence of this phenomenon is including their adverse effects. Nowadays، climate change science and its application to a large extent، is considerable importance And understand the causes and nature of these changes، the most important objectives is data collection weather and climate monitoring and climate phenomena (khorshiddost and colleague، 1388 and 1389). Increase in average global temperature profile and changes of climate change is The whole idea to consider climate change. the situation of Kermanshah is 34 degrees 21 minutes north latitude and 47 degrees 9 minutes east longitude minutes. The results show that the distribution of the probability of recurrence given extreme maximum temperature wasnot normal in the Kermanshah Instead of the normal logs will follow. In fact، the show is log normal Linear methods have limitations due to non linear part (Plynvmyal) can be used Due to the extreme temperatures of maximum long-term average and the results were compared with the temperature during the 5 1960، 1990 and 2000، higher And the 1970 and 1980 to be below average are 50 years. In this regard، the coldest 1980s and 2000s warmest decade of Kermanshah. Comparison of long-term period of 2010 - 1961 and 2010 - 1990 show The increase in 0/42 ° C maximum temperature during the last 21 years. None of the studied extreme temperature changes in the peak intensity changes of Kermanshah not linear and parabolic regression will follow decade long trend in the 1980s and 1990s when the trend is much stronger than the other. The general trend of the maximum temperature change is gradual upward climb However، the extreme maximum temperature Kermanshah gradual changes when using the six degrees Plynvmyal shown In mid-2000 Series (2005) show a sharp decline. Extreme maximum temperatures in the normal range located in Kermanshah more years Only in 1964، 1969، 1973، 1981، 1994 and 1997 is strongly positive anomalies in the range Using the Mann - Kendall found The maximum extreme temperature changes when Kermanshah despite showing no significant trend of increasing The maximum extreme temperature changes، although the changes in long-term averages will show. But the extreme maximum temperature changes in the Kermanshah is no mean Meanwhile، the 21-year Kermanshah station from 1990 to 2010 despite a linear increase of about 3%، no significant changes during the 21 years. The results of the model Holt - Winters it was obtained during 2011، 2012، 2014 and 2019 is higher than the upper threshold،. Years 2013، 2015، 2016،، 2017 and 2020 the normal threshold and only2018 was lower than normal threshold The years 2014 and 2019، with temperatures 3/44 ° C warmest years Between the actual temperature and the pre projected to be Kermanshah. Measures the accuracy of the model prediction Holt - Winters and the normal distribution and histogram frequency data showed and The validity of the method was applied to predict the acceptable level And quantities been projected with the distance High reliability Printable the occurrence Using Pearson correlation coefficients associated with the NAO index and the heat wave was determined. The highest correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the cold seasons and temperatures ranged from one month to find a negative، While the correlation coefficient for the three-month lag in the warm seasons and the relationship is positive.

Urban furniture elements of the urban area is the quantity and quality of beauty, comforter ability and Location key role in achieving beautiful and healthy city is a city where people feel The three main goals of urban planning, health, comfort and beauty are The aim is to achieve all three cases, in addition to the pleasant atmosphere of urban design and planning of urban furniture is carefully and patiently. comfortable to accept and present it to sit at home prefer Beautiful Outdoor Furniture unworthy, not attractive and beautiful space where the furniture is unseemly, will highlight the city and urban furniture designed along the road to a healthy city today coating seating, sequence and frequency space layout also has a positive impact on their visual quality. The purpose of this study is cross-sectional study of urban furniture and its impact on reducing social pathologies of urban lighting in the city, the urban furniture, landscape and urban citizens, urban furniture (disabled, veterans and seniors), the symbols and roads and streets is considered the lowest social damage can be seen.

Learning style has important role in increasing the efficiency of training. Thus, understanding the learning styles of students is essential for directing the teaching and learning activities. The purpose of this descriptivecorrelational research was to identify students’ learning styles in Kermanshah University of Technology using the standard Kolb’s learning styles scale. The statistical population of this study consists of junior and senior students enrolled during 2010-2011 semesters (N=526). The sample size was determined based on Krejci and Moragan table of sample size (n=223) using multi stages stratified random sampling method. Data was analyzed using Spss16 Software. Results revealed that students’ were in the AE stage with assimilator type of learning. Based on the results, variables such as gender, enrollment year and educational courses did not significant relationship with learning style. The results of this study have implications for teachers of Kermanshsh University of technology. Teachers should utilize subjective modeling and writing proposal methods if they desire to match teaching style with students’ learning style.

authoritative jurists judgments if the commitment s between the two sides are unequal due to unpredictable events، The provisions of the contract between contracting. For Legal adjustments justify proposed theories that most important is the following: Theory of Implicit condition، lesion of posteriori، rule of negating hardship، … The ideas raised can be concluded that the rule of Mysore can better justify. Adjustment and changes to the contract provisions

Custodianship aims at providing the child with educational, mental and physical health, which due to some special reasons, is sometimes denied to the custodian. Dealing with such complaints through normal legal proceedings requires a considerable amount of time, and in contingency situations it may exert physical and psychological damage to the child. This issue has been anticipated in Article 7 of the Family Protection Act 2011 with a possibility of the urgent consideration of custody claims and the issuance of an "interim order". However, the aforesaid law still has some shortcomings and drawbacks which the author of the present paper aims at mainly elaborating on. For example, by studying and analyzing the issue of "Interim Order", the current paper proposes to include an article in the Family Protection Act, asserting that "in interim order", defendant is required to fulfill definite obligations regarding custodianship action. In addition, the writer proposes an article that the children whose guardianship and custodianship is given to some families by the order of the Welfare Administration for an "interim period", in case their physical and psychological health is subjected to risks and dangers, by the request of a representative appointed by Department of Welfare or Court Attorney, the court is entitled to issue an immediate order to revoke the custodianship order and to return the child to the Department of Welfare without requiring any permission.

Gully formation is always accompanied by erosion and land transformation which produce a significant amount of sediment, cause land degradation, destruction of roads and irrigation networks and dam overflow. Climatic situation of the area is one of the most influential elements in formation of gullies. The present article seeks to investigate gully erosion and formation of gullies in Dire basin in Gilan-e gharb which is one of the main agricultural centers of Kermanshah province. In this regard, 5 climatic indicators are applied. These indicators include hydrothermal coefficient, Ws coefficient or the amount of humidity in formations, Sepaskhah model, Arnoldos model, and second model of Fournier. Hydrothermal and Ws coefficients indicate high sensitivity and very high potential in gully formation. Moreover, the other third models which apply climatic factors to estimate the amount of produced sediments indicate that 27.24818 ton erosion has happened across the area. This volume of erosion plays a significant role in gully formation.