فهرست مطالب zohreh dehghanpour

The period of Ma'mun's caliphate became the basis for the decisive changes and transformations in the Islamic world, especially in the vast land of Iran for the Shiism and Shiites. This research aims to investigate the issue of what was Ma'mun's religious policy and what were the intended and unintended consequences for the Shia religion and its expansion in Iran? The hypothesis of the research is that Ma'mun resorted to the Imamate of Imam Reza in order to legitimize and consolidate his power with capital and prestige, the religious, social and political influence of Shiites and Shiites. He thought that by adopting such a policy, he could achieve his goals. However, the specific policies and measures of Ali ibn Musa al-Reza changed the situation so much that not only did Ma'mun not reach his goals, but he also faced challenges and fundamental intellectual-political conflicts with the teachings of Shi'ism under his Imamate. With the method of documentary and qualitative analysis, the result was obtained that Imam Reza turned Ma'mun's instrumental policy into a strategic policy and an opportunity to interpret, explain and publish the teachings of Islamic wisdom based on the principle of Imamate and took advantage of the opportunity provided by Ma'mun to spread Islam with Shiite reading.

The issue of the present study is the effect of the crown prince and the emigration of Imam Rida (as) on the concept and example of Ahl Al-Bayt among Iranians. The question raised in this study is "Is it possible to differentiate between the concept and example of Ahl Al-Bayt among Iranians in the Umayyad period with the Abbasids, and especially in terms of the Crown Prince?". From the beginning of their acquaintance with Islam, the Iranians were interested in the family of the Prophet, and there is a lot of evidence to support this claim, but it seems that they did not make a special distinction between the children of the Prophet and the other Bani Hashim. Therefore, differences can be made between the concept and example of Ahl Al-Bayt among Iranians in the two periods of Umayyad and Abbasids, and especially after the presence of Imam Reza in Iran. With the presence of Imam Rida (as) in Iran and providing the ground for holding debates and discussions, especially through the discourse of the Imamate; The ground was prepared for introducing the Ahl Al-Bayt to the Iranians and distinguishing between the real Ahl Al-Bayt. Lack of independent research in this field; Highlights the necessity and importance of this research design. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is library and First-hand Islamic and Shiite sources and numerous sources have been used.

Zilu (kind of pileless carpet or rug /زیلو) weaving is one of the old and old arts in Yazd province and Meybod. The matter of this research is to investigate education and in other words how to communicate between teacher and student in this profession. The fundamental question of this article is how the relationship between the teacher and the student and the description of the formation of this relationship from different angles and answers to more secondary questions such as the age and gender of the students, the type of relationship between the teacher and the student, the wage of the teachers, the stages and courses of learning, the methods of learning. And teaching is how to choose a teacher and its criteria, etc. The research method in this research is field and interview. For this purpose, more than ten famous people in this field were interviewed, with an average age between fifty and seventy years. The findings of the research indicate that education in this profession is completely oral and in a teacher-student way and the age of starting education in children was between 6-7 years on average. In this way, learning had grades, and these levels were different and changed depending on the student's intelligence, assiduity and interest. Women played a lesser role in Zilu weaving and provided more preparation for the work.

The migration of Arabs to Iran, which began at the beginning of the conquests, continued during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods. The difference between the Arab migration in the Abbasid period and the previous periods was that the immigrants of this period were mostly Alawites. These migrations started from the beginning of the Abbasid period and intensified with the presence of Imam Riḍā (as) in Iran. The subject of the present study is the effect of the emigration and guardianship of Imam Riḍā (as) on the Alawite migrations in the Abbasid period. The question of this research is what effect did the migration of Imam Riḍā (as) have on the migration of Alawites in the Abbasid period? Information from various sources indicates the great impact of the emigration of Imam Riḍā (as) on the migration of Alawites with different Shiite tendencies. The migration of the Alawites to Iran took place in two periods and in two forms, that is, simultaneously with the migration of Imam Riḍā (as) and after the migration. Therefore, the emigration and coronation of Imam Riḍā (as) can be considered as an important factor in the formation, continuation and expansion of Alawite migration to different parts of Iran, and even it played a role in the formation of the Alawite government of Tabarestan. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, and the method of collecting information is library and using the information of various historical sources, rijals, genealogies, sects and new sources and researches. Also, in this research, in addition to referring to the books belonging to the Imami Shiites, the books of the Zaydi sect were also cited.

The subject of the present study is studying the political contexts of the formation of Alawite migration to Iran and consequently the spread of Islam with Shiite approach among Iranians in the Abbasid period, especially the third century AH. According to sources, one of the reasons for the growth of Iranians' tendency to Islam, (especially with Shiite approach) in the Abbasid period is the crown prince of Imam Reza (AS) and the other is Alawite immigrants in Iran. The question of the present study is what effect did the pursued policy by the Abbasid caliphs have on the formation of the Alawite migration and how did these migrations affect the spread of Shiism in Iran? The hypothesis in this research is that the religious policy of the Abbasid caliphs in terms of threats (Mansour, Harun, Mutawakel period) and opportunities (Mamun period), prepare the way for the emigration of Imam Reza ( AS) and the Alawites and then for their political, social and cultural activities and made the way for important cultural developments in Iran. Immigrants in the existing political field through various political, social and cultural activities, paved the way for the continuation and spread of Shiism in Iran. Their presence can be considered as one of the effective factors on the spread of Shiism in Iran. The study of the political contexts of the formation of migration (as a social phenomenon) and its impact on cultural issues (the spread of Shiism) is the focus of this study. Explaining that the existing political and social conditions provided a suitable platform for the cultural activities of immigrants and, as a result, the spread of Shiism and its penetration among the "special class" and especially the "public class" of society.The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information in this research is library and using various Islamic and Shiite sources.

The Arab immigrants of the Abbasid period to Iran were mostly Alawites, Sadats and Shiites. The main issue of the present study is to identify and introduce the Alawite immigrants of Khorasan in the Abbasid period until the rise of the Buyids government and the effect of their presence on accepting Islam by the Iranians. The question of this research is, "whether the migration of Alawites to Khorasan in the mentioned period could affect the flow of accepting Islam by the Iranians?" Based on the information available in the historical sources, it is hypothesized that the migration of the Alawites, which continued during the Abbasid period, affected various aspects of life in the areas accepting the migrants. One of these effects studied in the present study is their impact on accepting Islam by the Iranians in different regions. According to various sources, the immigrants were settled in different parts of Iran including Khorasan during the five important historical periods. Out of five groups of immigrants to Iran, only four groups, i.e. Hosseini, Atrafi, Hassani and Abbasi entered this area. The reports on the fifth group, the Hanafis (Mohammadians = children of Muhammad Hanafiyya) is not available. With the presence and establishment of various Alawite groups in cities, villages and remote areas of this land and as a result of their various political, social and cultural activities and interaction with the natives, the ground was gradually prepared for the influence of Islam and its spread among the elite and public classes. Identifying and classifying different Alawite groups in Khorasan in the form of five groups and proposing that migration had become bedrock for sustainable cultural change and transformation are among the objectives of the present study. The time span considered in this research is the period of the beginning of the Abbasid rule until the coming to power of the Buyids in the early fourth century (AH). The research method is descriptive- analytical using the library documents and various sources. In this work, an attempt has been made to display the qualitative results obtained from the sources in a quantitative manner using some graphs.

Various theories have been brought up about the way of capturing Iran by Muslim Arabs and the fall of Sassanid Empire. The issue of how and why Arabs could deprive the great Sassanid Empire, and so they could dominate Iran in those times during almost one century is important, but the subject of the present study is the role of Iranians in the victory over Iran and their degree of cooperation with conquerors. Iranians cooperated with Arabs due to such motives as preserving properties, spirits and status, fearing and under compulsion. The Iranians ' cooperation with Arabs includes receiving news, reporting, receiving, military cooperation and so on. The era which is discussed in the present study begins with the first victories in the time of Abu- bakr, and continues until Yazdgerd death and the end of the first century A.H.