جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Camus » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Since its publishing in 1942, the majority of critics have interpreted The Stranger by Albert Camus to be the manifestation of the Absurd philosophy, which was previously introduced in The Myth of Sisyphus. However, Camus later answered the disambiguation concerning the hero of his book in an introduction to this novel’s English translation. The importance of this introduction lies with the fact it gives us the first notion of how the novel centers on the confrontation of the individual and the society. This theme is also present in the previous works of writers and intellects. More specifically, it is thoroughly investigated in the works of Jean- Jaques Rousseau, where he challenges The Human in the State of Nature against the civil and moral society. In this article, we demonstrate how The Stranger’s hero, Meursault, is similar to Rousseau’s Human in the State of Nature, and although never directly mentioned by Camus, how the 18th-century philosopher can be traced in the novel.

The main objective of this study is to understand how novel can be read against psychological reality. As a case study, this paper addresses the Novel of the Stranger by Camus. Embedded in Kundera’s reading on the linkage between psychology on novel and psychology, the main question here is that how this novel can be read as what acts against psychology. Psychological novels are framed in a psychological cause i.e. making linkages among those unrelated or discrete events. A plot coherence is not possible without acknowledging such causal relationship. Rather, the novel of the Stranger addresses “ out- of -law”and “ off-topics” issues . Meursault is a stranger as he does not follow up the rhythmic tone of plot. In existentialism era, novel made a fundamental change in its “form” and “content”. As an existentialist philosopher, Camus puts an emphasis on the existing situation/placement rather than analyzing the characters in the novel. Unlike psychology which tries to make a clarity and distinction, Camus tries to talk about ambiguities and irrational reality. A dynamic and flexible rather than monolithic and fixed identity is obvious in his work. Novel in his reading is a domain for unpredictable events. Psychology, rather, attempts to disclose meanings and rational motivations in randomly occurred events. Besides the political function, one consequence of avoiding reducing the concept of novel to psychology in literary criticism is to refer the text into out of context elements like author’s biography.

Albert Camus' Misundertsandment is one of his absurd-cycle works, in which the author invites readers to reach an awareness of the tragic condition of the human life. This play presents human beings' silence as surrender, and speech as a rebellion against it. In fact, if Hamlet's mind was occupied by the "to be or not to be" question, Camus' work presents us with a "to talk or not to talk" dilemma, which is no less that the older question. As such, discovering the sad and anxiety-inducing condition he lives in, Camus' character surrenders to being murdered by his mother and sister. In Le Misunderstandment being and not being have become speaking and remaining silent, and speaking is a weapon to defend oneself with in a dark and violent world. This paper discusses Camus' views and conceptualization of the world, the defenselessness of human beings vis-a-vis their own species, and the role of nature and humankind in the formation of fate with reference to his play.

Human beings need a compelling reason to live. In other words, "for what" purpose arewe here and why should we live? If there is no "for", human beings will be incapable ofdoing their everyday activities and will not know how to spend their lives. However, alldiscussions are about this question: where can we access this "for"? Is this "for" placedin the nature of human beings and should we achieve this by search and exploration? Oris it that this "for" has no objectivity and is a subjective matter and every person has aunique definition of it for his life? In other words, is the meaning of life an exploratoryissue or is it independent of human beings? Or it is an issue dependent on the subjectwho should create it creatively? In case that each one of these ideas is considered, whatis the method and possibilities of such exploration or creation? An even more importantquestion which is presented in line with the previous questions is whether basicallymeaning is a supernatural issue or does it belong to a field other than life in this world?In this arena, Albert Camus is one of the 20th century scholars who presents the issue ofthe meaning of life from a particular perspective and by removing metaphysical ideasand limiting life to this world, accepts the meaningfulness of life.