جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « economic crisis » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

After experiencing a brief period of relative stability between 2016 and 2019, Lebanon has been faced with a critical situation during the past three and a half years. On the one hand, the country’s economy is witnessing such crises as unprecedented depreciation of the national currency, a three-digit inflation, and expanding poverty and unemployment, and on the other the country lacks a constitutionally elected president and government possessing full powers. As a result of such a situation, Lebanon faces two essential and immediate questions in 2023: First, reconstruction of the executive branch (election of a president and formation of the government), and second, economic reconstruction. Regardless of the aforementioned questions in the short term, Lebanon encounters mega-crises and fundamental challenges including sectarianism, weakness of the state institutions and lack of national consensus over fundamental political issues. Continuation of these problems poses a serious obstacle to the country’s path to sustainable development and lasting stability. This paper seeks to analyze latest conditions in Lebanon and the prospects for the resolution of political and economic crises in the country in 2023.

Exploiting a managerial event, from the stage of emergence of the idea and the reasons for its occurrence, examining different aspects of the problem, environmental and organizational realities, and decisions and examining the effects of its implementation, not only requires registration as a historical event, but also proper analysis All angles can pave the way for tomorrow's managers. Therefore, documenting what managers have learned is a surefire way to transfer personal and social experiences to others. The present study is done with a quantitative approach and using a descriptive-analytical strategy. The statistical population of the study includes all managers of manufacturing industries in Khuzestan province. The samples of this research consisted of 223 managers of manufacturing industries who were selected by random sampling method appropriate to the volume of Seyed Saeed Ansarifar. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The face validity and reliability were examined and Cronbach's alpha was 0.75. In this study, in order to analyze the data, analysis of variance and factor analysis were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that the factors affecting the successful experiences of managers within the organization that after analysis to 25 criteria and 4 main factors including "ethics and values", "personality traits", "role expectations", "ability and skill", "knowledge And cognition "," accounting and finance "," executive and administrative affairs "and" educational affairs "were classified.

In the region of west Asia, Lebanon has been a country with many challenges and Permanent internal gaps. It means that major part of these challenges have been permanent in Lebanon and they will never be solved and it can be said that the existence of Lebanon depends on these challenges and gaps. Hezbollah as a party and as a main player in political and social scene of Lebanon has faced these challenges in recent decades. The main question of this research is that, what is strategy of Lebanon in facing these challenges and what are proposal strategies to fortify itself in facing with these challenges. Hezbollah is the main representative of Shia groups but it also has supported domestic cooperation to pass the challenges. Also, Hezbollah in the process of forming the government has always had an appropriate level of cooperation with other identical groups. In addition, Hezbollah has always disagreed of presence of foreigners and their interference in domestic issues and has supported independence of the country. So, Hezbollah at the present situation can use the strategies of providing social services to the people, opposing the collapse of the government, holding early elections, and adopting a constructive assistance strategy.

Since the 10th of November, the biggest and most widespread wave of popular protests since 2003 has started in central and southern cities of Iraq. The size of the protests and the widespread demands of the protesters to the withdrawal of government and make changes in that have made examining the background of the protest an important issue. In the present study, the components of disability and the economic crisis in Iraq after 2002, especially in the years after the emergence of ISIS, have been identified as the most important components that can be described as the engine of protest. Yet the economic factor cannot be considered as the only factor, but along this soft factor, there must be factors such as lack of unified military and divisions in the composition of the security forces, the existence of sectarian and ethnic divisions, the crisis of legitimacy and efficiency of government, and the interference of foreign countries. In fact, the "government" can be identified as the most important player in Iraq's current protests, as security and stability in West Asia are essentially "state-centered". Therefore, the main responsibility for creating crises and resolving the protests can be assumed and evaluated by the government and its function in various security, military and security fields. In spite of all this, after a short period of time since the beginning of the protests, we have witnessed foreign interference in order to stir up the public and increase the wave of demonstrations.

“Economic Resilience” or national economy strengthening against the economic shocks as a concept that has opened its place in economic literature in recent decades, has been received the attention of Islamic Revolution Leader attention as one of the main dimensions of “Economic Resilience" (that is the decisive cure of national economic woes).Utilizing the economic capacities to reduce the vulnerabilities is a necessity for strengthening the I.R of Iran national economy against the shocks, in order to accelerate its movement towards the national goals, i.e. development and justice.
Seeking the components of resilience concept could assist national economy planners, but since there are useful experiences in the area of strengthening the economy, seeking the components of this concept cannot lonely provide validity enough in accordance with related literature.Thus the author attempts to refine the theoretical components of resilience by reviewing some of the countries experiences against the economic shocks (including deliberate and natural shocks) and also in economic developments, to find the answer to this question: “What are the major components of economic resilience based on other countries experiences?”
The article is a kind of applied-developmental research, and methodically is completely qualitative that accomplished descriptive-analytical.   
Statistical society consists of few number of economic experts which is targeted deliberately and data gathering is done by interviews up to the theoretical saturation. Qualitative analyzing from the literature extracted six major components of economic resilience and after surveying with the expert method based on other countries experiences, these components founded in three fields i.e. a) in the fields of sanctions (macroeconomic stability), b) in the field of crisis (increasing national production), and c) in the field of economic developments (government agility). Finally some suggestions are offered according to the findings.

2007 can be considered as the beginning of one of the deepest and most influential global crisis. The financial and economic crisis that hit keys from the States of America spread among the other member countries of the capitalist system. European Union as one of the most important actors in the international system with the liberal democratic foundation was not an exception to this. But what makes it different for prominent analysts is the impact of the crisis on the process of political and security integration of European Union. Since the beginning of formation of the crisis, the impact of that on the political and security integration was the major question for analysts. This article seeks to answer this question with the analytical methods. This article believes that given the economic foundation of European integration -despite the EU's success in managing the crisis- financial and economic crisis has hurt the political and security integration of Europe and due to the slow pace of economic recovery and the fragility of Europe's economy, its threatening shadow over the political and security integration is maintained.

After World War II, the people and European governments got disappointed from radical right groups, and their activities were banned. However, during the past decade, we witness the strengthening the social base of the mentioned political parties which are seeking power in different European countries. The reason why these groups have come to power is due to a variety of factors causing important implications for the European countries particularly for the Europe Union. This article is going to deal with the most important causes leading these groups to power and its consequences.
Based on the findings of this research, it seems that some factors including immigration and economic crisis have had direct impact on the reemergence of radical right parties. Increase in objection toward the trend of immigration to European countries and integration in the European Union are among the most consequences of the rise of these parties.

The economic and financial crisis in 2008، past to a degree، has had profound effects over the US economy and global economy. The paper shows that the crisis proved and exacerbated the weak points of the US power while it improved status of new emerging powers; and finally new changes in the international economy caused great changes in the US foreign policy. One of these changes is lessening the Middle East importance in the US foreign policy. The inclination not to intervene has led for policy of balance of power to be realized and so the US regional allies have been free to do so and thus extremism and terrorism have been improved in the region.

Despite of the new circumstances and arrangement, global capitalism isn’t a new concept, but its speed, size and worldwide scope is deep and broad after the post-Cold War World. Because it has influenced in the various sections through crossing the countries’ national boundaries and formation of many actions and reactions in national, regional and global levels.. They consider the non-financial assets as dominant form of wealth and claim that equality becomes a domestic and international topic in the realm of culture. Islam seeks moralities, values and orders that affect motivation in all levels of institutions and human processes. Therefore, Islam has a tendency towards adjustment of individual interests in terms of public goodness and expediency. Individual freedom, human rights and unlimited economic opportunities occurs under and within ethical norms and moral imperatives as well as rights framework. Therefore, Islamic doctrines form a system oriented to development, global sustainable peace and security through its main components i.e. commitment, character, innovation, competition, cooperation, convergence, coexistence. The research method is qualitative and critical one. We try to investigate implications of capitalist system and its theoretical foundations and then address capabilities of the Islamic doctrines for composition of sustainable security’s global model.

The author believes that the party values in U.S presidential election has been of high value for both parties especially the Republican, America's domestic problems and challenges. This crisis is so deep-rooted that there is no space and time to think about the values.

The financial crisis occurred in late 2007 in the United States of America and quickly spread to other parts of the world especially Europe and due to the communication and huge exchange of economic, financial and trade markets of the Europe with the United States of America, it had a great direct effects on the economics of European countries.
This crisis in the Europe since the last major economic crisis (1929) has had the greatest economic and social problems and led to the budget deficit, rising unemployment, a sharp decline in GDP, rising debt, the devaluation of the euro and the social unrests in Europe and especially in the three major European countries.
England, France and Germany are countries that have better economic conditions of other European countries. Given the fact that the size of relations with America, which had consequently adopted many influences. However from the beginning of the crises, these countries tried to control the policies separately or jointly in groups of 20 industrialized nations, and even implemented. The positive effects will occur and the relative economic recovery continues.

Argentinabegan its nuclear activities in 1950s and with an admirable progress could obtain nuclear technology in 1970s. The speed and range of its nuclear abilities worried US and some other countries that were sending nuclear technology especiallyGermany. But, USSR collapse, the of bipolar system, reconciliation with Brasilia, widespread economic crisis in early 1990s, and its politic system change caused Argentina to put its nuclear policies aside and follow nonproliferation process in the international system as proposed by US and Europe.

Undoubtedly, security could be regarded as power, including different kinds, the most important of which is "economic security". As it has been always declared by Islamic scholars, among other kinds of security, economic security is one the outstanding securities of every society which affects the identity of society and other types of security as well. According to them, "economic crisis" is the opposite side of economic security, which is rooted in "economic domination" of every enemy of Islamic society with the aim of misleading Islamic revolution. Thus, they encourage their followers to make an attempt in order to prevent the crisis and develop security. From the viewpoint of leading Muslim scholars, elements of economic security include: natural resources and raw materials, technical knowledge and financial policies.As for natural resources and raw materials, they believe that economic development depends on fresh air, abundant wholesome water, and fertile land, and that to initiate any action requires its "particular knowledge" and that none of these could be completed, except through an "economic plan" in financial issues.

Possessing long cultural and political history, Egypt enjoys a salient place in the Middle East and North Africa in a way that developments in the country are observed with precision and sensitivity. Despite experiencing economic growth in the past few years, Egypt has seen intensified economic hardship and resultant public discontents in 2008, questioning state policies and Husni Mubarak's governing style. Nonetheless, the author believes that this event cannot be considered as a turning point in Egypt's history, because the government has been able to control the situation. By constantly suppressing various groups, it has prevented the public frustration with the economic situation from turning into a profound transformation in the political system. Public discontent will be unlikely to bring a change until the question of Mubarak's succession is resolved.

The incidence of two widespread wars in the early 1980s and 1990s continue to affect the developments in the Middle East and international relations for many years to come. The main question of the article is why Iraq decided to go to war with its neighbors in the early 1980s and 1990s. According to the author, security considerations have played a crucial part in the decisions made by the Iraqi leaders and other interpretations such as aggressive realism or economic crises are incapable of exploring and explaining the causes of the aforementioned wars. In other words, the driving force behind Saddam Hussein’s decision to go to war with Iran and Kuwait involved his belief in the alien forces’ efforts to destabilize the Iraqi Ba’ath regime. Saddam maintained that despite such efforts, Iraq enjoyed a good chance and capability to win the wars.