جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تقدیم و تاخیر » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

One of the miracles of the Qurʾān is the rhetorical aspect, which is closely related to words in terms of appearance and structure. Anastrophe is a rhetorical technique the use of which helps to make the words more expressive and better understood by the audience. Such a technique, in addition to being systematic and principled, creates beautiful style, and adds to the eloquence of the phrasing. Considering the importance of this style, this descriptive-analytical research aims to investigate the rhetorical reasons of anastrophe in Surah Ar-Rum from two perspectives of syntax and order, to illuminate the effect of this style on the meaning of words. The result of this research indicates that the most important rhetorical device of anastrophe is related to meaning so that behind the rearranging of the words, both in terms of syntax and order, there is some meaning that the speaker has intended to convey in this way in order to highlight it. Therefore, anastrophe not only has an important effect in increasing the lexical meaning and beauty, but is also used to impart a specific intention and purpose.

Critics consider defamiliarization as one of the methods that distinguishes artistic speech from non-artistic one. This literary technique is realized in various forms in speech. One of the most important forms of defamiliarization technique can be seen in the phenomenon of past and future verses, which is achieved by changing the main structure of the sentence and the deliberate movement of words. The letters of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah is one of the most beautiful texts that has benefited from the technique of past and future a lot and can be studied and analyzed in the framework of de-familiarization. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper tries to examine the different types of past and future used in Nahj al-Balaghah letters, and to analyze the effect that this rhetorical feature has created on meaning. The results of the research show that Imam Ali (AS) by carrying out a purposeful shifting of the position of words and using the linguistic technique of past and future and the method of de-familiarization, portrayed his words in a more eloquent and meaningful way for the audience and by observing good order. Moreover, he has created a specific rhythm and a certain melody that fascinates the audience with its way of expression.

Al-Mīzan fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān by Mohammad Hosseyn Ṭabāṭabāʾī is one of the most important contemporary Shiʿa Qurʾān commentaries, which is written in the method of interpreting the Qurʾān with the Qurʾān. As a Shiʿa scholar, Ṭabāṭabāʾī, as well as presenting new views in his interpretation discussions, has also made innovations in the ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān. Among these innovations is hir attention to the importance of discussing al-Taqdīm wa al-Taʾkhīr - as one of the topics of Quranic sciences - for understanding the Qurʾān. This discussion has been noticed by Ṭabāṭabāʾī because of its close connection with knowing the context. The aim of the current study is to recognize the views of Ṭabāṭabāʾī in this field, and to explain the position of these opinions in comparison with the views of other commentators in the discussion of al-Taqdīm wa al-Taʾkhīr of Qurʾanic verses. It is intended that, while examining the causes of al-Taqdīm wa al-Taʾkhīr from Ṭabāṭabāʾī's point of view, a report of his innovations in the development of the causes of al-Taqdīm wa al-Taʾkhīr - such as al-Istirḥām, Ishfāq, and expression of inclusion - should be presented, and along with that, Ṭabāṭabāʾī's innovative explanation of the concept of al-Taqdīm wa al-Taʾkhīr should also be explained.

The knowledge of priority and posterity has long been of interest to the scholars of eloquence and Qur’anic sciences. This technique has been used to beautify the word, to express the limit, to emphasize more on a point, the importance of an attribute on another attribute or a report on another report in speech. This knowledge has been divided by scholars of priority and posterity into species that need to be reviewed and examined. With the descriptive-analytical study, this research first seeks to explain the proposed species and then to critique and review them, and in the end review them and finally to enrich the previous views by providing a comprehensive classification.Finally, the typology of priority and posterity fall into six categories, which include obligatory syntactic, permission syntactic, constraining syntactic, hierarchical, interpretive, and comparative priority and posterity, from among which obligatory syntactic has no example in the Qur’an and is mostly related to poetry. The typology presented in this research does not have the shortcomings of the previous divisions and is more efficient in identifying the type of priority and posterity of Qur’anic words, phrases and verses.

Metaphor is one of the most common and widely-used cognitive processes that can represent the characteristics of the culture and ideology of a society or a school. According to the theory of conceptual metaphor, in metaphors and their linguistic expressions, cognition and culture are intertwined and become a single conceptual combination. What we call conceptual metaphor is as much cognitive as it is cultural in nature. Accordingly, we assume the formation of conceptual metaphors of the Holy Qur’an as related to the culture of the revelation era and in the present analytical-comparative study, by comparing metaphorical expressions in the poems of the Age of Ignorance and ayahs of the Holy Qur’an, a new explanation of the discourse of the relation between the Qur’an and the culture of the revelation era has been obtained. The Holy Qur’an has used the culture of the revelation era and by changing the target domains of metaphors, it has changed the centrality of the world and its related life in the metaphors of the poems of the Age of Ignorance to the centrality of monotheism in its metaphorical expressions, and has thus established a new culture by drawing a worldview of revelation within metaphors. Another finding of this research was that this theory negates "the revelation being influenced by the culture of the revelation era".

The literary approach to the Qur'an verses has always been the indispensable part all the interpretations. One of its related sciences is rhetorical sciences and the knowledge of precedence and delay which is considered to be the subdivision of the rhetoric, whose acquisition along with other Qur’anic sciences, has been emphasized by the infallible Imams (A.S.). This research analyzes the verses with a precedence and delay approach with a descriptive-analytical method and relying on the narrations of the infallible Imams (A.S.). The purpose of this article is to explain the importance of this knowledge in interpreting the Qur'an and to analyze the emphasis of the infallible Imams (A.S.). On learning it along with sciences such as decisive (Muhkam) and allegorical (Mutashabihas).Precedence and delay in the Qur’an's words and phrases are so important that neglecting them may lead to alteration of divine commandments. With the study of some Qur’anic verses with the centrality of the Imams words, we found that paying attention to precedence and delay could lead to the establishment of a jurisprudential verdict that the infallible Imams (A.S.) referred to and acted upon unequivocally.

Mutashābuh (similar) or “verbal similar” refers to those Qur’anic verses and phrases which have been repeated more than once in the Qur’an, with change in whole or in part. The reason for the repetition of many of these verses and phrases is based on a change in their presentation (taqdīm) and delay (ta’khīr). An example here may be two verses of al-Baqarah: 58 and al-'A'rāf: 161, which the similarity between two verses occurs in the form of a presentation and a delay.
In spite of the efforts of the exegetes to justify the presentation and delay in these verses, their opinions are criticized, for the best idea here must pay attention to the context, the descent place of the verses, and the concept of the term “prostration” (sajdah) used in both verses. As a result, it is argued that the chapter al-Baqara, in contrast to the chapter al-'A'rāf which continuously blames and rebukes the rebels and arrogant people especially Children of Israel, is to mention the God’s blessings for them and the community of the Prophet, so that the presentation of prostration that is a kind of thanksgiving, as well as all other indications, are applied in this regard.

The term "meaning of meaning" has long been commonplace among Arabic scholars, and today linguists are referred to as titles such as reflexions, reflections and shades of meanings. In the Qur'anic texts, there are other meanings other than the main and lexical meanings that go beyond the meaning of the meaning. Key words: Parvin, poems, story of messengers, telemia, moral messageAnd through emotional and linguistic elements. In the Holy Qur'an, one of the unique forms in which the second meanings are manifested, is the presentation of the form and the delay in the verses. This fascinating form in the verses shows that verses similar in different ways have been repeated with a little difference and their vocabulary has undergone a shift It has brought new and innovative meanings, which can be found by using the findings and achievements of linguistics. This article, by descriptive-analytic method, seeks to open a new window of Quranic expressive beauty by comparing the proportional contrasts of the presentations and delays, as well as using the meaning of lateral meanings and implications. It has brought new and innovative meanings, which can be found by using the findings and achievements of linguistics. This article, by descriptive-analytic method, seeks to open a new window of Quranic expressive beauty by comparing the proportional contrasts of the presentations and delays, as well as using the meaning of lateral meanings and implications.

Eugene Nida is one of the pioneer theorists of translation and linguistics who in his translation theory, introduced in his book Towards a Science of Translation, has mentioned elements in the translation processcomprising of "addition, deletion, and alteration". These elements can be evaluated by the editing process at three structural, contentual and technical levels. In the present article, first the similarity of the aforementioned elements in Nida's theory with different editing types is pointed out and then those similar elements are analyzed in Quranic translations to emphasize that Quranic translations also allow for diffident editing types. Therefore, two aims were pursued in this study: first, to show that editing elements and translation elements share similarities in Nida's theory, and secondly these similar elements are applicable to Quranic translations. To carry out this scientific analytical study, the elements of Nida's theory and their relations with different types of editions were investigated in Quranic translations and in three fields: 1. Additions in translation and editing 2. Deletions in translation and editing 3. Alterations in translation and editing. Finally, some of the editorial defects in the translations of the Holy Quran were displayed, that proves the necessity of collaboration between translators and editors so that, for better explication of ayahs, either translators should incorporate editing or consult editors and improve their translation quality through editing.

Priority and posterity are one of the expressive styles of the Qur’an and among its means of brevity, which denote the inimitability and beauty of style of the Holy Qur’an. Nevertheless, some of the orientalists have claimed that the Qur’an’s priority (taqaddum) and posterity (ta’akhkhur), especially the priority and posterity of jar and majrūr (a preposition and the word it governs) have caused confusion among the addressees. Accordingly, examining various types and evidences of priority and posterity of jar and majrūr in the Holy Qur’an shows that this would result in understanding most of the verses and familiarization with style and art of rhetoric and eloquence and finally better understanding the Qur’an’s inimitability. In addition, all the prepositions do not have the same functions; rather, some of them have become prior over others due to their superior role and status and a number due to their conformity with the context of previous verses.

Every language has principles for ordering words in sentences. However, observing these principles is not always mandatory, but they are sometimes mandatory, sometimes abstained, and in cases permissible. The permissibility of precedence and delay depends on the text's context where authors depending on their mastery attempt at employing them. We can observe this mastery's artistic apex in the Quran. Although in Quranic ayahs similar words have been repeated several times, their various orders and arrangements in each context has led to their semantic distinctions.
The present article, using a descriptive-analytic method, made an attempt to investigate this phenomenon from an aesthetic perspective. The study indicates that the beauty of this art can be appreciated in the light of a theory of context and vocabulary order. Consequently, it is difficult to translate literary texts, especially the Quran that enjoys a superhuman order. Although in the two translations analyzed most of the cases of precedence and delay have been ignored by translators, it is possible to find appropriate equivalents in the target language in order to offer translations for some instances of precedence and delay.

Ahl Al Beit has left precious and priceless traditions such as Quranic science issues. Sunnite scholars also have enjoyed them differently. The present paper – after studying Sunnite's Quranic science books – analyzes and divided Sunnite scholar's enjoyment of Ahl Al Beit. The enjoyments are divided in the following categories: preference enjoyment – which shows the preference of Ahl Al Beit's traditions than others. Citing enjoyment which cites the accuracy of Ahl Al Beit's words. Approval, critical and ignorance enjoyment are other types and comes to the conclusion that the Sunnites scholars have enjoyed Ahl Al Beit traditions variously.

There are verses in the Holy Quran with similar structure in which chronological style is employed carrying a special aim. By take a precise look at Majma ol Bayan, Al mizan and Namone, this issue will be clear that they have different views in dealing with such verses. Al mizan interpretation has a better approach in responding to such verses. Namone wins the second while it was seen no special attempt on behalf of Majma ol Bayan in tgis regard in the way that it just relies on examining the similarity of these verses. The present study which is a descriptive and analytical one, while criticizing this weakness of Majma ol Bayan, proves that all verses descended in chronological manner has their own unique reason and logic in the way that not all can be interpreted in the same way due to the lack of any repetition in Quran which result in fun and entertainment.

There are many verses in the Quran with literally similar words that bring the question to the reader's minds as to whether there are repetitions in the Holy Quran, and whether these repetitions do not damage the rhetorical excellence and eloquence of the Quran. Answer to these questions has led to the development of a science called Verses of Literal Similarity.It is attempted in this article to present a clear definition of this science and to study these verses in a new classification. In the beginning, the differences in verses of literal similarity are explicated. Then, the approaches of the Quran researchers in justification of these differences, which are themselves divisible into several overall categories in terms of the type of answers, are pointed out.Furthermore, the viewpoints of three writers who have each written a book about this science are stated.