جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « : نان بربری » در نشریات گروه « صنایع غذایی »

Soybean meal is one of the sources of vegetable protein, which together with wheat flour proteins, can provides a complete source of amino acids for the human body, so using it in bread can help to solve protein deficiencies. For this purpose, to prepare Barbari bread containing soy meal, a combined design containing a group of mixing variables, including different levels of transglutaminase enzyme (0 to 1 %), soybean meal flour (0 to 50 %), wheat flour as filler (0 to 100 %) and a process variable including ultrasonic altitude (0 to 100%) was used and physicochemical and sensory characteristics including total ash, pH, moisture, porosity and taste, texture and color scores were investigated. The results showed that transglutaminase enzyme and ultrasonication have a significant effect on physicochemical properties and porosity (P<0.0001). The significant increase in color score of the samples was due to the positive and significant effect (P<0.0001) of soybean meal on that characteristic. The porosity of the samples was significantly affected (P<0.0001) by the interaction of enzyme and ultrasound. Finally, in order to obtain samples with the highest porosity and color, taste and texture scores, it is suggested to use the mixing ratio of soybean meal flour 33%, enzyme 1%, wheat flour 66% and ultrasound altitude 100%.

Enzymatic treatment of wheat flour is an interesting function to improve its functional properties. Because enzymes with different biochemical activities can have synergistic effects on dough behavior or product quality, the individual use and combination of enzymes used in bread production processes is important today. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synergy of glucose oxidase and lipase enzymes in physicochemical properties of barberry flour and bread formulated with relative replacement of corn flour. Treatments in 7 groups (T0 control sample, T1 containing 5% corn flour 0.05% glucose oxidase 0.05% lipase, T2 containing 10% corn flour 0.07% glucose oxidase 0.07% lipase, T3 containing 15% flour Corn 0.09% glucose oxidase 0.09% lipase, T4 contains 20% corn flour 0.011% glucose oxidase 0.011% lipase, T5 contains 25% corn flour 0.13% glucose oxidase 0.13% lipase, T6 Containing 30% corn flour (0.15% glucose oxidase (0.15% lipase) were prepared). The chemical results of the treatments showed an increase in moisture, ash and gluten index so that the highest amount of the mentioned factors was observed in T6 sample. Zellini number, phallus number, protein and gluten showed a significant decrease.  Farinograph test results showed no significant water uptake, reduced spreading time and resistance with increasing corn flour replacement percentage in the treatments. The tensile strength of the treatments in the extensograph test showed an increase and a decrease in tensile strength and tensile strength of the treatments, respectively (p<0.05). Histological results showed that the use of lipase enzyme and corn flour reduces the stiffness of the treatments. While the addition of corn flour caused the doughs to stick and the enzymes were ineffective. The elasticity of the doughs was also improved by the addition of glucose oxidase. The results of sensory evaluation introduced T4 treatment as the superior treatment.

The purpose of this study was investigating the effect of wheat flour replacement with triticale flour (0-30%) and β-glucan fiber (0-10%) on physicochemical, texture and sensory properties of Barbari bread with using of two-level factorial design containing central points based on D-optimal. The results showed that with substitution of these two factors, the water activity, moisture and ash content in bread samples significantly increased and the fat, carbohydrate and calorie of the samples decreased. Antioxidant capacity and protein of samples increased with replacement of triticale flour. However, high levels of β-glucan decreased the protein and antioxidant capacity of the samples. Also the fiber content of samples decreased and increased with addition of triticale flour and β-glucan, respectively. The effect of replacement of triticale flour on the specific volume of bread was dependent on the amount of β-glucan; so that the specific volume of bread with replacement of triticale in the samples without β-glucan significantly decreased but it increased in the samples containing high levels of β-glucan. Loss weight, crust and crumb color, firmness and penetration energy of bread were not significantly affected by the substituted factors. According to the sensory evaluation, the replacement of triticale flour and β-glucan increased the flavor score and overall acceptance of barbari bread samples. According to the results, bread samples enriched with 30% triticale flour and 10% β-glucan have desirable physicochemical, texture and sensory properties and are recommended as optimum samples for production.

The production of composite breads, in addition to reducing dependence on wheat, will improve the nutritional value of the final product and diversify the consumer food basket. So, the aim of this study was investigation of the effect of replacing wheat flour by millet flour at levels of 10, 20 and 30% in formulation at the presence of different ratios of guar-xanthan gums (0.3-0.1, 0.6-0.15 and 0.9-0.2%) on dough rheological properties and physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of semi volume Barbari bread in completely randomized factorial design (p˂0.05). The results of farinograph test showed that the amount of water absorption, dough development time, stability time and value of the dough valorimeter decreased by increasing the amount of millet flour in the formulation and increased by increasing amount of gum and xanthan gum. Also, the results indicated the moisture content and specific volume by increasing the amount of millet flour and addition gums, were decreased and increased respectively. Although the amount of water activity and texture firmness (2 h and 3 days after baking) were increased, while by increasing the amount of gums, these qualitative parameters were decreased. The results of evaluation crust color showed the L* and a* values were decreased and the a* value was increased by addition millet flour. On the other hand by adding different levels of gums the L* and a* values were increased and had no significant effect on b* value. In the sensory evaluation, the sample containing 10% millet flour, 0.9% of guar and 0.2% xanthan was introduced as the best sample by panelists.

Reduction rolls play an important role in the process of flour production and increasing the quality of flour used in baking industry is considered as the most important factor to improve the qualitative and nutritional qualities of bread. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing C1A, C1B, C2, C3 and C5 reduction rolls on the physicochemical properties of the flour and rheological properties of dough and the selection of the most effective rolls in milling process in a completely randomized design (P≤0.05). The results showed that two samples of flour that Also the sample, which C3 reduction rolls was removed, had the lowest gluten content (25%), gluten index (70), and zeleny sedimentation volume (17 mL). And the water absorption, development time, stability, and valorimeter number of the dough had the greatest reduction in this sample. Therefore, according to the results, it was found that by removing the C3 reduction roll in milling process, the physicochemical properties of the flour and the rheological properties of dough were strongly weakened. In the next step, the Barbari bread was produced by the flour obtained from this sample and control and its characteristics were examined. The results showed that the hardness of the sample by removing C3 reduction roll was higher (more than 35%) than the control sample during 2 and 72 h after baking. Also, the control had the highest score of overall acceptance in sensory evaluation. According to the results of this study, removing the C3 reduction roll, had the most effect on the quality of flour, dough and final product than the other roll in milling process.

In this research a validated and effective method for simultaneous analysis of 24 poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detector was developed in traditional and semi industrial bread samples. Sample preparation was done based on QuEChERS method and developed method was validated and applied for analysis of bread samples. Matrix effect was evaluated by comparing the slopes of solvent-based calibration curve and spiked calibration curve in blank sample. Among the 24 analyzed compounds, 22 (91%) and 2 (8%) compounds presented the ion enhancement and ion suppression respectively. Therefore’ spiked calibration curve was used for overcoming matrix effect. In the concentration range of 10-500 ng/g, the calibration curves for each analyte was linear with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.990 to 0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) for different PAHs were between 0.14-1.49 and 0.46-4.91 ng/g, respectively. The mean recoveries obtained for three fortification levels (25, 50 and 200 ng/g, three replicates in each day) in three consecutive days were 86-111% (n=27), and also the average of relative standard deviations (RSDs) of PAHs were in the range of 2.85-11.57%  with a satisfactory precision (RSD<20%). Analysis of bread samples using the validated method showed that Naphthalene was found in 9 traditional Barbary bread samples (45%) in the range of 46.34±1.89 ng/g and any compounds was detected in semi- industrial samples. All of the obtained positive results were higher than the legal permissible limits (1.0 ng/g) proposed by the European ::union:: for processed cereal-based foods. The final findings showed that direct flame exposure in gas oven during baking of Barbary bread could produce PAH compounds.

In this study, the effect of incorporating chia seed modified flour(MSF) (0-7.5 %) on moisture content, fat content, total fiber content, antioxidant activity, total phenol content, color, texture and organoleptic characteristics of functional barbari bread was evaluated. The results showed addition of MSF increased the moisture content, oil and total fiber content, total phenol content and antioxidant activity (17.9±0.9 % to 66.2 ± 0.2%) in the samples. While increasing the amount of MSF, the L* value and hardness of the samples was decreased. The organoleptic characteristics of bread containing 2.5% MSF had no significant different (P<0.05) with the control. Increasing the replacement of wheat flour with MSF (2.5 to 7.5%) reduced the acceptability of organoleptic characteristics of bread. Based on the results of the simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), the enthalpy for control was 4119.94 (J/g) and for the bread containing 5% MSF was about 4369.1 (J/g).  SEM results showed that the incorporation of MSF created a more uniform structure with smaller cavities in the bread.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of producing Barbari bread enriched with quinoa whole flour .For this purpose, wheat flour was replaced with 0, 10, 15 and 20% of quinoa whole flour and dough farinograph characteristics including water absorption, dough development time, stability time and degree of softening were evaluated. In addition, porosity, texture, color and sensory properties of bread were also investigated. The results showed that the water absorption and development time significantly (P<0.05) increased in the dough samples containing 10% quinoa whole flour but, stability time significantly decreased (P<0.05) following that degree of softening increased significantly (P<0.05) compared with control. Results of porosity and hardness of breads showed that the control and 10% quinoa whole flour breads had the highest porosity and the lowest hardness among other samples. Investigation the color of bread showed that the bread crust a* in breads containing quinoa flour significantly increased and b* and L* decreased. The bread sample containing 10% of quinoa whole flour and the control samples gained the highest scores of sensory evaluations. So, it is possible to enrichment up to 10% of wheat flour by quinoa whole flour without undesirable changes in the qualitative properties of the Barbari bread.

Due to rapid growing of consumption of bread in Iran beside its low-cost, convincingly leads to improve bread quality. Since the positive effect of dietary fiber on human health has been proven, the rate of consumption of food product containing dietary fiber is increasingdramatically. Incorporation of fiber sources (i.e. processed bran) is one of the appropriate solutions to fortification and enhancement of nutritional and technological properties of bread. In this project the influences of extruded wheat bran (EWB) on the rheological, technological and sensory properties of Barbary bread were studied. EWB was provided under optimized condition (21% moisture content, 120°c heating temperature and 300 RPM screw rate) and incorporated to wheat flour in different level (0, 5 , 10 and 15%). Results showed that, addition of EWB in comparison with raw bran led to an increase in to water adsorption (62.39%), stability (56.2 min), dough development time (4.66 min) and extensibility (22.68 mm).addition of EWB up to 10% caused an improvement of color, flavor andtotal acceptability. Hunter Lab L* values of Barbary breads decreased but a*and b* increased with the increasing EWB level. Furthermore the hardness of samples indicated decreaseby incorporation of EWB (13.6 N) which demonstrated that EWB could maintain bread quality and delay bread staling rate during storage time 72 h.

Now a day, researchers are looking for to identify valuable materials to manufacture products with high quality, nutritious and have functional properties. In this sense, the aim of this study was the production of bread for diabetics using Fenugreek seed flour. For this purpose, fenugreek seed powder at levels of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight of flour was added to bread dough formulation. Then chemical composition of flour, rheological behavior of dough and qualitative, sensory and microbiological characteristics of bread samples was evaluated. The results of this study showed that the addition 3% of this powder causes beneficial changes such as increased water absorption of flour, FQN, fiber, ash, and improved sensory properties, particularly smell and taste, promotion color indices and reduce the activity of mold in the breads. This is despite that the degree of softening degree, stability and extensibility of dough, oil content, specific volume and texture of enriched breads in comparison with the control was not good. In general, the overall quality of breads fortified with 3% flour fenugreek seeds was better than others. Therefore, the regular use of this kind of breads will causes not only will be compensate the lack of constituents like lysine, Fe and Zn, but also the health of consumers especially patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin-resistant individuals will be improved.

Introductıon: Hydrocolloids have been employed for reduction of moisture migration from the crumb to crust, added to the formulation, improved texture, prevent ice Crystallization and delay staling (Ba´rcenas et al 2003, 2004, Hager, and Arendt, 2013). However, given the importance of their role still trying to find new resources will continue to create the best quality. Today, researchers introduced new technologies such as modified atmosphere packaging, frozen technology and using different additives to produce bread with higher quality, longer shelf life and high nutritional value. Production of the part baked frozen bread is a method which interrupted baking process, the first stage is the crumb formation and the crust color is not developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ocimum Bacilicum and tragacanth at 3 levels (0, 0.3 and 0.5%) (W/W flour basis) on the quality of part-baked Barbari bread after frozen storage and re-baking.
The Ocimum Bacilicum seeds were cleaned, then were firstly soaked in distilled water to obtain a water to seed ratio of 37:1 at 40˚C and pH 7. Separation of the hydrocolloid from the swollen seeds was achieved by passing the seeds through an extractor equipped with a rotating plate that scraped the gum layer on the seed surface. The extracted solution was then filtered and dried in an air forced oven at 60˚C and finally the powder was milled, sieved using a mesh 18 sifter, packed and kept at cool and dry condition (Karazhiyan et al., 2010, Sahraiyan et al., 2013). Tragacanth purchased from the local market as a tape shape after milling and sieve (70 mesh) were used. Bread prepared as part baked, freezing in -18°C and storage for 15 days, after this time samples were thawing and full baked. The test includes moisture content, specific volume, porosity, firmness, image analysis and sensory properties was measured. For Data Analysis used SPSS software and Duncan test, for mean comparisons.
Results and discusions: The results obtained from volume, texture, moisture content and sensory properties showed Tragacanth gum at 0.5 concentrations and Ocimum Bacilicum gum at 0.5 levels improved moisture content. Using tragacanth at 0.3% and Ocimum Bacilicum gums at 0.5 % concentration improved the specific volume, porosity, firmness, and sensory properties. The hydrocolloids are highly hydrophilic nature, it made hydrogen link between the water available in the system, prevent the movement of water from crumb and improved the firmness and improved the quality of bread (Manadala et al., 2008). The hydrocolloids capable to strengthen the gluten matrix surrounded cell gas as result maintenance them during part baked and frozen storage. Hydrocolloid, coalescence of gas cells as a result of expansion during the proofing step and increase the volume and porosity of bread (Shillini & Laxemi, 2007).
Addition of Ocimum Bacilicum and tragacanth to bread recipe improved the crumb texture of the bread that obtained from part-baking, frozen storage and re-baking. In addition, the presence of gums improved the specific volume, texture and the overall quality of the product during frozen storage, removing the negative effects of that process conditions. The Ocimum Bacilicum in comparison of tragacanth had the greater concentration effect on PBF Barbari bread on improved the quality. The interaction of tragacanth and Ocimum Bacilicum (0.3 and 0.5 %) respectively had the best result to improving the all parameters that investigated in part baked and freezing storage of Barbari bread. This study provides insights into the complexity of interactions between tragacanth and Ocimum Bacilicum as a new source of hydrocolloids and their combined influence on bread characteristics, thereby serving as a guide for future research on the other bread

Soy has long been a great source of high quality vegetable proteins rich in lysine amino acid, which the most cereals are deficient, is known. The nutritional value of soybean increases by germination, because as the result of sprouting stage, plant enzymes are activated and in consequence of enzyme activation its anti nutritional factors are diminished and digestibility of proteins and carbohydrates is increased. The aim of this study is increasing the nutritional value of bread while maintaining or even improving its quality using germinated soy flour.

In this study, effect of adding germinated and non-germinated soy flour at concentration of % 10 (based on flour weight) on dough properties and barbari bread quality was studied. After bread making; moisture content, symmetry index, dough properties such as: water absorption, dough development time, stability time, degree of softening and quality number were measured by a Farinograph.

The results of this study showed that adding germinated and non germinated soybean flour to bread formulation have not adverse effect on bread quality properties and even in some of its characteristics were improved. Moisture content analysis results showed that bread crumb including germinated soy flour had the most moisture content and it was significant different from bread including non germinated soy flour and control bread (P>0.05). According to symmetry index there was no significant difference between control bread and bread including non germinated soy flour (P>0.05), and bread sample having non-germinated soy had the most symmetry index. Moreover, based on Farinograph results, both bread samples containing soy flour were better than control sample except for stability time factor which significant difference was not seen between control bread and germinated soy bread. By addition of germinated and non germinated soy flour to bread formulation, the microstructure of bread samples improved in comparison with control bread. According to sensory evaluation, there was no significant difference among samples except for color value. The bread sample containing germinated was significantly lower than the control bread and bread including germinated soy flour based on color value.

Totally , according to quality properties such as moisture content of dough and bread and symmetry index, bread including germinated soy was superior than non-germinated soy but based on dough stability, bread color and microstructure, the bread containing non-germinated was enhanced. According to these findings, adding soy flour to the bread formulation, specially for non-germinated soy flour can be used as an inexpensive way to improve the nutritional quality of the community.

One of the appropriate methods to naturally enriching and improving the qualitative properties of bread is to use different alternative fiber sources such as aloe vera powder. This research seeks to investigate the effect of adding aloe vera powder to flour in order to produce Barbari bread and investigate the rheological characteristics of dough and the physiochemical properties of bread. In this research, the effect of aloe vera powder on of Barbari bread at five levels of 0, 1, 3, 6 and 9 percent (w/w based on flour) has been studied. The investigation of rheological characteristics of dough by Farinograph and extensograph devices, properties of the baked bread by texture analyzer and finally sensory analysis on the produced bread were evaluated. By adding aloe vera powder, the amount of water absorption increased accordingly and the highest absorption was recorded at level 9. Dough development time increased with adding aloe vera powder and the highest increase was recorded at levels of 6 and 9 percent. However, dough stability decreased with increasing the percentage of aloe vera powder. The hardness of control sample at intervals of 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours was increased and at the fourth and the first days had the highest and lowest hardness, respectively. Bread toughness was changed in the range 7.87-60.7 mJ. Adding aloe vera Powder at 6 and 9 levels caused an improvement in water absorption, a decrease in development and an increase in the resistance to elasticity of Barbary dough.

Researchers are always attempt to produce bread with longer shelf life and high quality. Aware of the harmful effects of chemical additives increased consumer tend to use natural additives.The aim of this study was produced bread with high quality and longer shelf life by used the part baked frozen bread and added natural gums of Iran (basil) on three levels (0, 0.3 and 0.5%). Barbari bread produced and cooked as part baked then packed in polyethylene bags, and transferred to chest freezer with a f - 18 ° C for 15 day, then thawing and full baked at 260° C for 10 min, after full baked measured quality and shelf life of bread. The result given from tests showed basil gums at 0.5 levels improved moisture content, porosity, specific volume. Also the minimum hardness obtained at sample with 0.5% from gums and Compare fresh bread with frozen showed not significant changes.

Bread wheat is the most commonly used types of breads. The most famous breads flat breads and bread products throughout the world is one of the most popular flat breads. Currently, grain and products of it as a very good source of dietary fiber known. Of strategies for improving the properties of bread, using various sources of alternative fiber-like grains such as quinoa is like. Quinoa with the scientific name (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is one of gynomonoecious plant. Uncooked quinoa cooked quinoa protein yield was 30%. That's why the World Food Organization (FAO) in 2013 as the "International quinoa" was named. In this study, the effect of adding quinoa flour and xanthan gum in bread formulations using response surface method and central composite rotatable design was studied. Independent variables include xanthan gum(0-1/5)% and quinoa flour (15-0) percent. The colorimetric properties, weight loss and overall acceptability was considered as the dependent variable. Increasing the percentage of quinoa flour in bread formulations significant effect on overall acceptability than the control sample (sample without quinoa and xanthan gum), and a dramatic drop in L shell and the brain, a brain, and b shell and weight loss and increase the index of a shell and b breads were produced in the brain. According to the findings, it is suggested to improve the nutritional value of bread these substances be added to bread formulation.

In this study, the effect of barley sourdough containing Pediococcus stilesii starter with different dough yield (160, 270 and 450) on phytate content of produced dough and Barbari bread was investigated. For this purpose, after applying 28, 32, 36°C fermentation temperatures and 16, 24, 32 h fermentation times, the amount of phytate was evaluated using a spectrophotometric assay based on the measurement of iron absorption. The results of statistical analysis showed that the pH and phytic acid content of produced dough and Barbari bread were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased with increasing fermentation time and temperature, while titratable acidity was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, increasing yield dough from 160 to 450 resulted in significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in titratable acidity and significant decreases (P ≤ 0.05) in pH and phytic acid content of produced dough and Barbari bread. Regression equation between sourdough titratable acidity and phytic acid content of produced dough and Barbari bread had respectively correlation coefficients equal to 0.947 (linear model) and 0.842 (logistic power model), and by increasing of sourdough titratable acidity, the contents of phytic acid were also decreased. Based on obtained results, controlled fermentation of sourdough can effectively reduce the amount of phytic acid of Barbari bread in comparison to control sample.

The ability of starch chains to form structures in baked foods during storage, a process called retrogradation, drastically influences the texture and shelf-life of these products. Hydrocolloids are added to bakery products to improve shelf life by retaining more moisture and retarding staling. On the other hand, using freezing method interest due to increased shelf life and improved quality of bread. The effect of different levels of tragacanth and Lallemantiaroyleana (balangu) gums (0, 0.3 and 0.5%) on quality, texture and sensory properties of Barbari bread were investigated. Data Analysed by complete randomized design based on factorial with two-factor with used SPSS software and Duncan test, for mean comparisons. The result showed tragacanth decreased firmness, increased volume, porosity and sensory score while balangu increased the moisture. Interaction between tragacanth and balangu gums on 0.3% concentration of them had the best results to improve the quality of part baked frozen (PBF) Barbari bread.