جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Root resorption » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of apex locator, digital periapical radiography, and cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) for determining the root canal working length (WL) in teeth with external root resorption (ERR).

In this in vitro study, the sample consisted of 54 extracted permanent single‑rooted human teeth. ERRs were performed at the 3 mm apical root using 65% of nitric acid for 24 h. After determining the actual WL by K‑file #10 (gold standard) with the visualization method, the teeth were mounted in alginate and the WL of each tooth was determined using the electronic apex locator (EAL) equipped with a K‑file #15. The teeth were mounted with wax in the teeth sockets of a dry human mandible, and the images were obtained by digital phosphor plate receptors and CBCT scans. The mean registered WL of each method was statistically compared with the gold standard WL using one‑way ANOVA with P < 0.001.

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of actual WL was 16.00 ± 2.24. The mean ± SD of WLs determined by CBCT, EAL, and digital radiography were 15.38 ± 2.19, 15.52 ± 2.32, and 16.83 ± 2.20, respectively. This study showed that the mean measured WL with ERR in all methods was significantly different from the actual WL (P < 0.001).

This study showed that there was a significant difference between the actual mean WL and the EAL, digital periapical radiography, and CBCT mean WL. Thus, the combination of EAL and CBCT could be a reliable method for determining WL in the presence of ERR.

These days minimally invasive micro‑osteoperforation (MOPs) has accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, there are some conflicting reports about their various impacts; hence, the present systematic review study aimed to evaluate the effect of MOP on root resorption, pulp vitality, and the biological changes of teeth subjected to OTM.

Search in electronic databases of English literature including PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, Cochrane, and Google scholar as well as a manual search was performed from 2013 to 2022. Most of the studies included in this article were randomized controlled trials.

From the total number of 321 found articles, 31 duplicated and 268 irrelevant articles were excluded regarding the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consequently, 22 articles were subjected to the quality assessment process, and finally, 18 articles were selected for the review phase. Root resorption during tooth movement using the MOP approach was reported only in one study. Besides, except for two animal studies, all of the relevant included articles showed that MOPs significantly increased the expression of some inflammatory biomarkers known to recruit osteoclast precursors and increase the number of osteoclast cells. On the other hand, two animal studies showed no differences in osteoclast counts by using MOPs in comparison to their control groups, which was consequently the result of biologic variability between animal and human and also probably the small sample sizes of these two studies.

In this systematic review, according to the adverse effects of MOP on root resorption, one study showed higher levels of root resorption among patients undergoing MOP. However, this outcome was due to the different methods used to evaluate the effect of MOPs on root resorption. Moreover, a high certainty of evidence supports that MOP causes biological changes and an elevation in cytokines, chemokines, and other biomarkers that stimulates osteoclasts differentiation which in turn accelerate OTM. There was no change in pulp vitality status based on available evidence.

A 30-year-old male patient with the chief complaint of pink spot discoloration of the tooth crown in his upper left central incisor was referred for endodontic and esthetic management. After thorough clinical and radiographic examinations, the final diagnosis was class IV invasive cervical resorption (ICR) which was conservatively treated with an orthograde approach; i.e. vital pulp therapy with calcium-enriched mixture cement (VPT/CEM). The use of VPT/CEM was successful to restore esthetics and stop the ICR; confirmed clinically, radiographically, and tomographically at one-year recall. The above-mentioned minimally invasive approach reported in the current case study may be considered a practical treatment modality for ICR, specifically in anterior teeth. 

 This study aimed to evaluate the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technique considering its reliability to diagnose resorption due to maxillary impacted canine.

 In this cross-sectional study, 68 CBCT images were observed by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. The position of the impacted maxillary canine was assessed, and the severity of root resorption in adjacent teeth was determined in two rounds by viewing. Finally, statistical analyses were performed according to the percentage of agreement, intra-class correlation coefficient, and kappa. The data sheets were filled out by two radiologists who observed the CBCT images in two separate weeks and recorded their opinions about the position of the crown and root of the impacted maxillary canine. Further, four adjacent teeth were examined for root resorption.

 In most cases, no root resorption was observed in the lateral, central, and first premolars; however, the reported percentage of root resorption in the lateral premolar was higher than that of the others, and no root resorption was reported in the second premolars. Agreement on crown and root position was reported to be above 90% in all observations. In addition, the percentage of agreement was 98.5%, 95.6%, 98.5%, and 100% for root resorption, central incisor, lateral incisor, the first premolar, and the second premolar, respectively. Maxillary impacted canines were examined considering root resorption in adjacent teeth using CBCT, and its interpretation was reliable.

 Utilization of CBCT provides a worthy data about the impacted maxillary canine localization and effects on adjacent teeth, for more explanation and treatment of these cases.

The structural characteristics of unilaterally impacted maxillary canines and adjacent teeth were compared to the nonimpacted side. Three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to analyze and evaluate the various parameters. The aim of this study was a quantitative comparison of teeth adjacent to buccally and palatally impacted maxillary canines.

CBCT records of 40 patients with unilateral impacted maxillary canine were allocated to this study. The morphological characteristics of teeth on the impaction and non-impaction sides of the same patient were examined. 3D reconstructed CBCT images were assessed using the OnDemand 3D program.

The dependent samples t test was used for data analysis with a level of statistical significance of 0.05. There was a significant increase in the size of the maxillary canine crown and a decrease in the maxillary lateral incisor root dimensions on the impacted side. No significant difference was observed in the morphology of the maxillary first premolar on either side.

The impacted canine showed greater size compared to the eruption side. The decrease in root dimensions of the lateral incisor on the impacted side may indicate the possibility of root resorption.

 By using the image processing capability in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), obtained information can be improved. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sharpen image processing filter in determining the external resorption of the root apical region in single-rooted teeth due to the proximity of the impacted tooth using CBCT.

 In this laboratory study, the lateral surfaces of the apical region of the root of 40 healthy extracted teeth were artificially cut by bur and the teeth were randomly divided into four groups: control, low, moderate, and high resorption. After preparing CBCT of the teeth, the samples were then processed with and without an image sharpening processing filter and examined by two observers. The results of this study were analyzed by SPSS22 and Medcalc Statistical Software version 14. The significance level was considered P≤0.05 for all the statistical tests.

 Specificity (100%) and sensitivity (66%>) were either complete or very high for both modes without and with the sharpen filter. The overall accuracy (0.83>) was high in both cases and no significant difference was observed between the two overall accuracies (P>0.05). Statistical analysis of both image observations by two observers showed that the overall sensitivity and accuracy in the medium and high resorption groups was much higher than the low resorption group, but the specificity in all groups was 100%.

 The results showed that the images with a sharpening filter did not increase the detection power compared to the unfiltered images. However, as no loss of accuracy was observed with this filter, it could be used as a processing filter.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an effective cytokine in angiogenesis and bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of locally injected bFGF on movement rate and root resorption during orthodontic force application in dogs.

In this experimental animal study, four 10-12 months male dogs were selected and were randomly allocated into two groups. A week following insertion of closing coil spring between the canines and second premolars, 50µg of bFGF was injected to the case group and phosphate saline to the control group once per month. One month after second injection, the distance between the mentioned teeth were measured. Also, root resorption percentage were analyzed on the second premolars.

Average maxillary tooth movement rate in case and control groups were found 2.53 and 1.35mm/month respectively. The correspondent mandibular measures were 2.23mm and 1.15mm. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.0001). In respect to root resorption, the differences were found statistically significant (P<0.01) for coronal region in maxilla, which was higher in control group. Regarding the apical and middle regions of both jaws as well as coronal region of mandible the differences were insignificant.

The results of the study showed that the local injection of bFGF can increase tooth movement rate and has the potential to decrease root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement in dogs.

 The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of the working length measurements of four foramen locators: Root ZX mini, Raypex 6, Woodpex III and Propex Pixi in uniradicular premolars with simulated root resorption. 

 For this study, 30 single-rooted permanent premolars were selected. The samples were divided into two groups: 15 teeth with simulated external root resorption and 15 teeth with internal resorption. Each sample was immersed in containers with alginate covering only the root part. Measurements were acquired from the four foramen locators and compared with the working length measurements that have been previously obtained with the direct visual technique and the use of a Digital USB Microscope under 5×. Next, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied. The ANOVA test and t-test for related samples were performed, in order to analyze the measurements obtained. 

 In the teeth with external resorption, no statistically significant differences in the measurements were obtained with Raypex 6 and Propex Pixi foramen locators, but there were statistically significant differences with Root ZX mini and Woodpex III Root Zx mini [Root Zx mini (P=0.040) and Woodpex III (P=0.000)]. On the other hand, in the samples with internal root resorption, there were no statistically significant differences in measurements with the Root ZX mini, Propex Pixi and Raypex 6 foramen locators. However, there were significant differences with Woodpex III. 

Based on this in vitro study, Raypex 6 had the highest accuracy in premolars with simulated external resorption and Root ZX mini was the most accurate in teeth with simulated internal resorption. Furthermore, external root resorption affects the accuracy of foramen locators more than internal resorption.

Early detection of Internal Root Resorption (IRR) is considered a challenging issue in endodontics. Processing filters are used to facilitate image interpretation either in diagnostic or treatment procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of magnification changes on the detection of IRR in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images.

In this study, a total of 34healthy single-canal & rooted teeth were split mesiodistally through their medial canal using an ultra thin metal saw (1 mm). Then, absorption cavities were artificially created in both low and high degree absorption forms. CBCT images with three different magnification levels of 50, 100 and 150 were analyzed by one  radiologist and one endodontist before and after artificial cavity creation. Gathered data were analyzed by MacNemar and Kappa tests using SPSS statistical software. Overall accuracy was calculated by the Area Under the Curve (AUC).

Calculated percentages of sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy for the first(with high image magnification) and second (with low image magnification) observer were the same (100%, 88.24% and 94%, respectively) and there was no significance difference between low and high degree of resorption and also different magnifications with reality.

Depending on its method of application, all levels of magnification for CBCT images are suitable in diagnosis of IRR.

This study sought to assess the frequency and severity of second molar external root resorption (ERR) due to the adjacent third molar and its correlation with the position of third molar and other related factors using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

This cross-sectional study evaluated 320 second molars and their adjacent impacted third molars on CBCT scans of patients over 16 years, retrieved from the archives of Azad University Radiology Department. Presence/absence of second molar ERR, its location and severity (if present), and position of adjacent third molar were determined on CBCT scans, and recorded in a checklist. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression model.

The frequency of second molar ERR was 33.4% in the mandible and 14% in the maxilla. The severity of ERR was significantly correlated with the involved jaw (P=0.001) but had no correlation with age, gender, or depth of impaction of adjacent third molar (P>0.05). The mesioangular and horizontal positions of impacted third molars had a significant correlation with the frequency of second molar ERR (P<0.006).

According to the results of this study, ERR occurring in second molars adjacent to third molars is common, especially in the mandible. Mesially inclined third molars have a greater potential of being associated with ERR in second molars.

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and severity of orthodontically induced inflammatory external apical root resorption (OIIEARR) and the relationship between OIIEARR and possible risk factors such as orthodontic treatment type, treatment duration, gender, and age of the patients. A further aim was to determine the prevalence of OIIEARR in different tooth groups.

The study sample consisted of 1356 orthodontically treated patients (857 females and 498 males; mean age: 14.4±2.8 years). OIIEARR was evaluated using pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs for all the tooth groups. Teeth with severe resorption were also assessed. Patient- and treatment-related risk factors for OIIEARR were assessed statistically using Pearson’s chi-squared test, independent-samples t test, and one-way ANOVA.

The incidence of severe root resorption following orthodontic treatment was 14.8%. Males exhibited a higher incidence of root resorption compared to females. Orthodontic treatment duration and treatment with extractions were positively correlated with OIIEARR (P<0.05). OIIEARR was observed most frequently in maxillary incisors, followed by mandibular incisors.

Orthodontic treatment with extraction, prolonged treatment duration, and large movements of the incisors should especially be taken into consideration for OIIEARR risk. Routine radiographic follow-up during orthodontic treatment is recommended.

External cervical resorption (ECR) is a pathology that is difficult to diagnose early, and because it is often confused with root decay, it can be treated inadequately and even result in tooth loss. Currently, treatment does not have a defined protocol, being widely varied in the literature. This article proposes that cases of ECR should be treated individually, following different criteria, based on aspects related to the patient and the tooth involved. Furthermore, this work illustrates, through a case report, how a patient can present unique characteristics that require treatment to be case-dependent and should be discussed among a multidisciplinary team.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used in diagnostic situations, as well as tooth impaction and its complications. A possible sequela of tooth impaction is resorption of adjacent teeth, complicating the treatment plans. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of high- and low-resolution CBCT scans in the detection of external root resorptions (ERRs), caused by an adjacent impacted tooth in the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mid-root, and apical areas.

Forty-five intact single-rooted teeth were divided into three groups of 15. Each group was dedicated to each zone of the root. Slight, moderate, and severe ERRs were formed, and CBCT scans were taken before and after the formation of ERRs. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed, and the Proportion test was used to compare the results.

The statistical analyses of high- and low-resolution images showed a significant difference (P<0.05), which implies the higher accuracy of high-resolution images. The highest diagnostic accuracy among different zones was related to the mid-root, and the lowest was related to the apical zone. In terms of the size of ERRs, the diagnostic accuracy was the lowest for slight ERRs.

The most reliable and accurate diagnostic mode was found in high-resolution images, in the mid-root zone, and with severe ERRs. The lowest diagnostic accuracy was found in low-resolution images, in the apical zone, and with slight ERRs.

Radiologic diagnosis of external apical root resorption (EARR) is clinically important. Noise might disrupt this diagnosis. Therefore, we assessed the efficacy of noise reduction on periapical indirect digital radiography.

in vitro this study as performed on 792 radiographs. A total of 66 single‑rooted premolars were inserted in dried hemimandibles of sheep and fixed with modeling wax. Digital images were obtained using the parallel technique. The storage phosphor plates were processed in the DIGORA Optime scanner. The resulting images were sent to a computer using the Scanora software for radiographic analysis. The teeth were removed from the mandible, and artificial EARR defects were simulated. Afterward, the indirect digital radiographs were obtained at the same condition of the baseline. Five levels of noise reduction were applied. All images were saved in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format and monitored by two observers twice over 2 weeks. Data were analyzed statistically using Cochran and McNemar tests (α = 0.05).

The highest sensitivity rate was found in the baseline group (0.99), and the lowest sensitivity was related to the “four‑time noise reduction” method (0.91). The highest specificity rate was in the “five‑times noise reduction” method (0.88) and the lowest specificity was associated with “one‑time noise reduction” method (0.71). There was no statistical difference between images with/without noise reduction enhancement with varied gradation levels in terms of diagnostic accuracies of EARR (P > 0.05).

Application of noise reduction procedure in Scanora software might have no effect on the accuracy of EARR diagnosis.