مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران
پیاپی 231 (فروردین 1403)

Methamphetamine is a stimulant of the central nervous system, which is now increasingly abused. Long-term use of this psychoactive drug is associated with many cognitive disorders, including learning and memory impairment. Kisspeptin-13 is one of the endogenous neuropeptides, whose neuroprotective role on cognitive functions, especially memory, was investigated in several studies. In the present study, the role of kisspeptin-13 in mitigating social memory impairment induced by methamphetamine was investigated.

This experimental study was carried out on 40 adult male Wistar rats weighing (200-270 g). This study was conducted with the code of ethics (IR.MAZUMS..REC.1398.6037) at the Neuroscience Research Center of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the animals were randomly divided into four groups: control, methamphetamine,kisspeptin-13+ methamphetamine, and kisspeptin-13 groups. First, pretreatment with kisspeptin-13 was done intraventricularly for three days at a dose of 1.5 µg/µL in the respective groups. Specifically, on the initial day, the subjects were given a dose of 1 mg/kg twice, with a 4-hour interval. On the following day, the dosage was raised to 2 mg/kg, and this incrementally increased on subsequent days throughout the week. Thus, on the third day, the dose was 3 mg/kg, on the fourth day, the dose was 4 mg/kg, and on the fifth, sixth, and seventh days, the doses were 5 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 7 mg/kg, respectively. After the injections, the social interaction behavioral test evaluates social memory and sociability. This test was carried out in a three-chambered device for ten minutes in a rectangular space that was divided into three parts. In the side chambers, there were two wire chambers in which stranger and familiar rats were placed. On the test day, the time spent in each room was monitored.

The results of this investigation, which examined the effect of kisspeptin-13 on sociability and social memory in two stages, were as follows. The effect of kisspeptin -13 on sociability showed that the duration of exploration in the chamber where the first stranger mouse was placed was longer than the duration of exploration in the empty chamber in all experimental groups. Results indicated that sociability in these animals was not affected by the administration of methamphetamine, as well as kisspeptin -13, and all animals in the groups receiving the drug responded similarly to the control group. Statistical analysis regarding the effect of kisspeptin -13 on social memory showed that there is a significant statistical difference in the time spent for the first stranger mouse and the second stranger mouse, and the animals in the group receiving methamphetamine spent more time in social interaction with the first stranger mouse, which indicates damage to social memory, and the administration of kisspeptin -13 in animals receiving methamphetamine also failed to improve social memory. In the group receiving kisspeptin -13, social memory was not significantly different from the control group, which indicated that the administration of kisspeptin -13 alone does not lead to damage to social memory.

This study showed that methamphetamine can lead to serious impairment of social memory without causing a change in social interaction, and pretreatment with kisspeptin-13 could not compensate for the damage to social memory caused by the administration of methamphetamine.

Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MB-MSCs) expressing CD44, CD90, and CD105 markers were recently introduced. These cells are a good source of stem cells for research and use in regenerative medicine due to uncomplicated collection without invasive surgical intervention or ethical issues. Cell culture is one of the most essential techniques in molecular cell biology, and the culture medium is the most critical component. Serum is one of the crucial components of the culture medium and a protective solution. One of the most common serums used in cell culture is fetal bovine serum (FBS). This serum is an unknown mixture and can contain unfavorable factors such as endotoxin, mycoplasma, viral contaminants, or prion proteins. Therefore, there is a need for a human substitute for FBS that can be utilized for clinical applications. In this study, a humanized protocol utilizing autologous serum (AS) instead of FBS is tested to investigate the expansion of MB-MSCs and exosomes released from these cells.

A menstrual blood sample was collected from the donor on the second day of menstruation. Autologous serum samples were also collected to prepare the culture medium. First, mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from menstrual blood and then cultured in an environment enriched with autologous serum at different concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The investigation was done on the cells obtained in the third passage. Cultured cells in autologous serum were analyzed regarding expansion and expression of mesenchymal surface markers (CD73 and CD105). An inverted microscope was used to study the expansion, and flow cytometry was used to investigate the expression of mesenchymal markers. Also, in the next step, the culture medium of cultured cells in autologous serum was collected for exosome isolation. Exosome isolation was done by a three-step combination method of sedimentation, size exclusion chromatography with CL-2B sepharose resin, and making it concentrated. Finally, the purified exosomes were analyzed regarding morphology, size, and expression of CD9, CD63, and CD81 markers. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and flow cytometry analysis were operated, respectively.

According to the observations, cell expansion was observed in all three concentrations of autologous serum, and the most favorable results were marked in the concentration of 15%. In addition, flow cytometry results indicated the expression of mesenchymal markers CD73 and CD105 in cells cultured with 15% autologous serum. Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of mesenchymal stem cells cultured with autologous serum, and their characteristics were investigated using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscope, and flow cytometry techniques. The size of the exosomes ranged from 30-150 nm, and their morphology was cup-shaped. The expression of exosome markers such as CD9, CD63, and CD81 was also confirmed.

As a result, with the increase of using mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine, it is imperative to ensure the safety of the process and materials used in this field. Therefore, autologous serum can be a suitable option for the culture of mesenchymal stem cells derived from menstrual blood.

The role of free radicals in causing many diseases has been well proven. These particles can destroy biomolecules. Antioxidants can prevent these harmful effects. Considering that plants are a source of natural antioxidants, research in this field is increasing. Hypoxia means the reduction of oxygen in the body tissues, which can lead to dysfunction of the body. Hypoxia causes a significant increase in reactive oxygen species, thus, antioxidants are considered anti-hypoxia. Melissa officinalis L. is a well-known medicinal plant of Lamiaceae. Leaves of this plant have been widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular and respiratory problems and as a memory enhancer. This investigation was carried out to examine the impact of extraction on total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of M. officinalis aerial parts. In addition, the Antihypoxic activities of all extracts were evaluated in three models in mice.

In this experimental study, dried aerial parts were extracted by three different methods, i.e. maceration method, ultrasonic-assisted, and soxhlet-assisted extraction. Antioxidative capacity was assessed by utilizing DPPH free radicals scavenging and reducing power. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. The protective effects of extract in the initial dose of 62.5-250 mg/kg were evaluated against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice by three experimental models of hypoxia, i.e. asphyctic, haemic, and circulatory. The latencies for death for mice in minutes were recorded. The Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences approved the experimental protocol. In the asphyctic hypoxic model, phenytoin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and in the next two tests, propranolol (20 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as the positive control. In all tests, Normal saline (0.5 ml, i.p.) was used as the negative control. Analysis of variance was performed followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons (by GraphPad Prism 8) were used to determine the differences in means.

Meceration method and ultrasonic(P<0.0001) assisted extraction were the best methods for extraction of polyphenols. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, soxhlet-assisted extraction and extraction by the meceration method were more efficient than ultrasonic-assisted extraction(P>0.05). In the hemic model, none of the extracts showed any activity. Even the soxhlet-assisted extract at the dose of 250 mg/kg, even though it increased the death time by about one minute, could not cause a significant effect(P>0.05). In the circulatory model, none of the extracts showed any effect at the lowest tested dose i.e. 62.5 mg/kg but all the extracts showed a very potent activity at higher doses. All the extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg showed a much stronger effect than propranolol 30 mg/kg. In the asphyctic model, all the extracts showed very good effects so we had to reduce the dosage many times. The extract obtained from the maceration method at a dose of 1.95 mg/kg and ultrasonic-assisted and soxhlet assisted extracts at the dose of 7.81 mg/kg showed the same activity as phenytoin(P>0.05).

The findings of the current study indicated that extraction methods significantly affect antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction and maceration method were the most suitable methods for extracting phenolic and flavonoid compounds from this plant. All extracts showed high antioxidant activities. All extracts showed very strong effects in the asphyctic model.

Postoperative pain is one of the most important complications of anorectal surgeries. Management of these pains would result in improved situations and more satisfaction in patients. The utilization of topical medications is a recommended approach and phenytoin is a preferred option for this method. Hence, this study aimed to invstigate the effects of topical ointment of phenytoin 1%, topical placebo on wound healing, and postoperative pain in patients with perianal fistula after fistulotomy.

This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial, it was conducted by the 31 codes of research ethics of Iran. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with anal fistula underwent fistulotomy at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari after obtaining informed consent and were randomly selected to receive topical 1% phenytoin ointment or topical placebo twice a day. Phenytoin 1% cream was prepared by Iran Daropaksh Company and the placebo was prepared from Vaseline ointment. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were checked. Medicines were coded in opaque medicine cans and assigned to study groups using a limited randomization method. After that, up to 8 weeks after the operation, pain, recovery, pain caused by defecation, itching, and complications were determined and compared in the groups. Data analysis was done with SPSS software (version 13.0). Chi-Square, Independent-Sample-T test, and Repeated-Measure ANOVA tests were used to compare between 2 groups.

A total of 44 patients completed the study and a thorough analysis was carried out. The average age in the intervention group was 43.0±11.8 years and in the control group was 42.1±6.9 years (P>0.05). The patients in the two study groups did not differ in terms of the type of fistula (P>0.05). Postoperative pain from the first to the fifth visit was significantly lower in the phenytoin group compared to the placebo group (P<0.001). Also, the pain after defecation from the first to the fifth visit in the phenytoin group was significantly less than the placebo group (P<0.001). The percentage of recovery from the first to the fifth visit was significantly higher in the phenytoin group compared to the placebo group (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the intensity of itching among the groups (P>0.05). Wound secretion was observed in the phenytoin group and the control group, respectively, 63.6% and 68.2% (P>0.05). In the phenytoin group, 85.7% of serous and 14.3% of pus were observed, and in the control group, 53.3%, 33.3%, and 13.4% of serous, pus, and blood were observed, respectively (P>0.05). The only complication in the phenytoin group was bleeding, which was observed in 3 patients (13.6%).

In general, it can be concluded that 1% phenytoin ointment is effective in wound healing and reducing postoperative pain in patients with anal fistula undergoing fistulotomy. Therefore, the use of this topical medicine is recommended. However, studies with a larger sample size are needed to reach more definitive results.

Gastric ulcer is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. Among the factors that cause gastric ulcers, excessive alcohol consumption is the main reason for stomach mucosal damage; therefore, the experimental model of gastric ulcer caused by ethanol is often used to screen anti-ulcer compounds. There are a wide range of chemical drugs that can be used to treat Gastric ulcers, however, they can also cause side effects. With an emphasis on the need for new drugs with higher efficacy and fewer side effects in the treatment of gastric ulcers, this study was conducted to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of royal jelly on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats.

Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to six equal groups. The animals were randomly divided into five equal groups. Groups 1 and 2 were considered as normal control (no treatment) and ethanol control. The animals in group 3 were treated with 10 mg/Kg omeprazole, and in groups 4, 5, and 6 received 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/Kg royal jelly, respectively for three days. On the third day, one hour after the administration of drugs, all animals except the control normal group received ethanol. The animals were euthanized at the end of the experiment and appropriate tissue samples were collected from the stomach for macro- and microscopic examinations as well as measurement of biochemical factors.

On macroscopic examination of the glandular tissue of the stomach, the highest amount of hyperemia and bleeding including hemorrhagic longitudinal bands and petechial lesions were observed in the ethanol group, while in the groups pretreated with omeprazole and different doses of royal jelly, the severity and extent of lesions were significantly less. Histopathologically, the most damage was observed in the gastric glandular tissue of rats in the ethanol group, which includes extensive mucosal ulcers, severe hemorrhage in the mucosa, segmental necrosis of the gastric mucosal epithelium, gastric glands disorganization, the loss of chief and parietal cells, severe submucosal edema accompanied by fibrin infiltration in some sections and inflammatory cells infiltration in the submucosa. Although the pattern of lesions in the stomach of rats receiving omeprazole and different doses of royal jelly was similar to the ethanol group, the severity and extent of lesions were less. Omeprazole and royal jelly significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and also significantly decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as compared with the ethanol group. In comparison between the treated groups, the best therapeutic and protective effects were related to the high dose of royal jelly.

Based on the results, royal jelly improved the ulcer index and reduced the histopathological lesions caused by the effect of ethanol on the gastric mucosa. Moreover, it caused a significant increase in the activity of GPx and SOD enzymes, as well as TAC, and a decrease in the concentration of MPO and MDA. The protective effects of royal jelly can be related to the antioxidant activities and cellular protection of this substance.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) affects the expression of genes altered by obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Perilipins (PLINs) are a family of five proteins that are expressed on the surface of fat droplets in various tissues, including visceral adipose tissue, and regulate lipid metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week HIIT program on the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 genes in the visceral fat tissue of obese male rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

The present study involved 24 male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly and equally divided into three groups: control, fatty liver, and HIIT with fatty liver. A high-fat diet was used to induce obesity and fatty liver. The rats in the fatty liver group were placed on a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. After completing the 10-week high-fat diet to ensure intervention induction, Lee's index was used. The HIIT program lasted for eight weeks with five sessions per week using a specialized treadmill at zero inclination. Exercise intensity was determined by estimating maximum oxygen consumption. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session and after a ten-hour fasting, rats were anesthetized with a suitable mixture of xylazine and ketamine. Adipose tissue samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen in special cryovials and sent to the laboratory for gene expression measurement. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to examine differences between groups at a significant level of P<0.05.

Data analysis showed significant differences in the expression of PLIN3 (F2,21=471.30, P=0.001) and PLIN5 (F2,21=185.60, P=0.001) genes in visceral fat adipose tissue among the study groups. In addition, results indicated increased expression of PLIN3 (P=0.001) and PLIN5 (P=0.001) genes in visceral fat adipose tissue in the fatty liver group compared to the control group. A significant decrease in the expression of these genes was observed in the HIIT group with fatty liver compared to the control and fatty liver groups (P=0.001).

The findings of the study demonstrated that the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 genes in visceral fat adipose tissue increased due to induced fatty liver and the HIIT program moderated this increase. The reduction in the expression of these genes compared to the healthy group indicates the beneficial effect of physical activity under healthy conditions. This study suggests that the HIIT program had more beneficial effects beyond reversing the damage from the disease. Reduction in the expression of PLIN3 and PLIN5 genes in visceral fat adipose tissue as mechanisms of HIIT efficacy suggests a way to counteract the adverse effects of obesity and fatty liver.

Covid-19 is a viral disease of the respiratory system. Considering that the persistence of antibodies against COVID-19 has been different in the reports and since ethnic and racial differences have been effective in this status, the purpose of this study was to examine the status of antibodies and persistence in patients with COVID-19.

This longitudinal study was conducted in 2019 on patients referred to a fever clinic in Miandorod City. The diagnosis of the disease was based on the history and real-time PCR test or lung CT scan. 87 patients were included in the study based on the diagnostic criteria, and the exclusion criteria included cases of non-return in the follow-up. The level of IgM and IgG antibodies was measured by ELISA method and Pishtaz Teb kit at the beginning of the diagnosis, and to check the stability, the IgG level of the same patients was rechecked 6 months later, and according to the instructions of the kit, values higher than 1.1 were considered positive. Data including background information, lung involvement in CT scan, and ELISA results were analyzed after entering the computer with SPSS 21 statistical software and T-test and Fisher's exact tests. P<0.05 was considered a significance level.

The mean age of the patients was 47.7±17 years. 55 people (63%) were women, 20 people (23%) had high blood pressure and 18 people (20.7%) had diabetes. 84 patients had positive real-time PCR tests, and 43 patients (49.4%) had CT lung involvement. Initial IgM was positive in 20 people (23%), initial IgG was positive in 58 people (66.7%), and after six months IgG was positive in 36 cases (41.4%). Antibody was stable in 67.4% of men and 56.4% of women (P=0.41). High blood pressure (P=0.329) diabetes (P=0.21) and lung involvement in CT scan (P=0.586) had no significant relationship with antibody stability. The average age of people with stable antibodies (50 ± 16.2 years) and those whose antibody was negative (42±14.1 years) had no significant difference (P=0.077).

The findings showed that the antibody against the disease was not produced in one-third of the patients and after 6 months, the amount of IgG had decreased in a significant part of the patients. Also, the results showed that antibody stability had no significant relationship with age, gender, lung involvement in CT scans, and underlying diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a health problem and is an emergency that has the fastest growth worldwide. Diabetes is one of the priorities of all public health systems this study aimed to determine the quality of diabetes control in urban family physician centers of Sari city in 1382-1398.

This study was a cross-sectional and cross-sectional study. The required sample size was 275 patients who were selected randomly (a total of 300 patients) and 20 clusters (center), each consisting of 15 diabetic patients, were controlled. The population of the study included all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to health care centers of sari. The cases included age, sex, level of FBS, 2 hpp, HbA1c, blood pressure, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and body mass index as well as eye examination and amputation were also recorded all the information contained the seal of the family physician. In this study, after data collection, the degree of conformity was compared with ADA guidelines. According to the American diabetes association (ADA), the goal of the treatment of this disease is reaching FBS: 90-130, HbA1c below 7%, BS2hpp<180, BMI; 18.5 to 24.9, TG below 150, LDL below 100 and HDL is equal to 50. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation for quantitative and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables were discussed.

The study of 300 type 2 diabetic patients showed that the range of age ranged between 30 to 86 years with a mean and standard deviation of 57.5±10.4 years. Also, the lowest body mass index of the patients was 21 and the highest was 53 with a median of 29.4 and an interquartile range (of 27.20 - 32.8). The systolic blood pressure of patients had a median of 120 and interquartile range (110-130) and diastolic blood pressure had a median of 75 and interquartile (75-80). followed by ADA protocol, the frequency of fasting blood glucose (38.4%), blood glucose two hours after meal (37.1%), total 52cases (17.2%) blood sugar control patients according to the American diabetes association .triglyceride (39.7%), HDL in (49% ) and LDL (55.6%) were matched with ADA protocol .also, 32 cases (10.6%) had blood lipid by ADA protocol. Eye examination (14.6%), one turn, (8.3%), three times (1.3%), and three times (0.3%) were performed. also, in 65 cases (21.6%), careful foot examination was done.in addition, 4 cases (1/3%) had amputation due to diabetes and 12 cases (4%) had microalbuminuria.

The result obtained in this study shows that the status of diabetes control in the studied population is better than other studies in Iran however it is far from the standards of the American Diabetes Association, the need for more planning and intervention in the need for correct education and timely referral to There are specialized centers, training and intervention to reduce the weight of these patients. Factors such as lifestyle and socio-economic conditions that institutions and service providers have no control over should be corrected by policymakers

The impaction of a third molar tooth poses a significant challenge for dental practitioners. It is a multifaceted issue with diverse pathological factors contributing to dental arch collapse and root resorption in adjacent teeth. The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the vegetative state of the mandibular wisdom tooth and the adjacent second molar`s external root resorption.

In this cross-sectional and analytical epidemiological study, CBCT images of about 500 mandibular third molars were examined. Third molar teeth with mesioangular or horizontal impaction were included in the study. All images were prepared by CBCT CS9300 device (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, Georgia) with the same exposure parameters. The images were evaluated by a final year dental student under the supervision of an oral, maxillofacial radiologist in a semi-dark room and LG monitor (LCD, 20 inch, 1600×900 pixel) in sagittal, axial and coronal planes. The images were classified based on the position of root external analysis as 1.3 apical, middle, and cervical root. The severity of external root erosion in the second molar tooth is also divided into three categories: Slight (A very small amount of dentin is involved), Moderate (Half of the dentin is involved), and Severe (Pulp cavity is involved). Also, its relationship with age and gender was determined and finally analyzed using SPSS software (version 22).

In the present study, a total of 500 wisdom teeth were observed in CBCT images, of which 101 impacted wisdom teeth had a mesioangular or horizontal position. we found that the prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth with mesioangular (68 cases) and horizontal (33 cases) positions was about 20.2% and the prevalence of external analysis in the mandibular second molar root associated with impacted wisdom teeth was about 10.9%. The prevalence of external analysis was higher in women than in men (P=0.04). In determining the position of external resorption and its severity in the root of the second molar, it was also found that the highest position of external resorption of the root was related to the middle part of the tooth (63.7%) and the lowest was related to the apical part (9.2%). In examining the severity of external root resorption, we found that in 89.1% of the samples, root resorption of the second molar tooth was not observed. In the examination of the age group, it was found that the analysis was more common in the age group of 18-30 years (P=0.04). The only sample with moderate analysis was in the age group of 45-55 and male. The age group of 18-30 years and women have significantly more brief analysis than their corresponding groups. The relationship between the type of lower wisdom tooth impaction and the frequency of external analysis of the adjacent second molar root was statistically significant (P=0.03). the results of the relationship between the type of mandibular wisdom tooth impaction and the severity of external resorption of the adjacent second molar root, it was observed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the type of lower wisdom tooth impaction and the severity of external resorption of the adjacent second molar root (P=0.01). Moreover, the severity of the analysis was more intense in the horizontal position than in the mesioangular position.

Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the age group of the patient, gender, and position of the impacted third molar are the most influential factors regarding the external root resorption of the adjacent molar. There is a statistically significant relationship between the type of lower wisdom tooth impaction and the frequency and severity of external resorption of the adjacent second molar root.

Medicinal plants play a crucial role in maintaining human health and contain various phytochemical compounds recognized as therapeutic active agents. The long history of human use of medicinal plants indicates that these natural sources possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and antioxidant properties. The important advantages of medicinal plants include alleviating symptoms of diseases, enhancing the immune system, and even preventing certain illnesses. Additionally, the use of various medicinal plants as an alternative or complementary approach to conventional treatments can contribute to reducing side effects and toxicities associated with chemical drugs. Therefore, further research in understanding and utilizing medicinal plants has the potential to lead to the development of innovative therapeutic methods and improve overall public health. Curcumin, the main active polyphenol component derived from Curcuma longa, can be used as a supplement to treat liver disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, infertility, and cancers. The therapeutic effects of curcumin consist of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties through direct and indirect modulation mechanisms of molecules and signaling pathways of genes involved in disease pathogenesis. Curcumin affects the expression of inflammatory cytokines, interleukins, growth factors, enzymes, adhesion molecules, transcription factors, and apoptotic proteins. In this study, a collection of reviews and research articles were searched from Internet databases and entered into the study until 2024. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of curcumin signaling pathways and clinical evidence related to its effects on the treatment of various diseases.

In this study, related materials and research resources have been prepared and compiled from library studies from Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases in the last 20 years. Keywords of Curcumin, metabolism, therapeutic benefits, pharmacokinetics, signaling pathway, inflammation, and growth factors were searched in different databases. Then, the sources were evaluated and the obtained results were summarized and reported.

A wide range of studies have reported positive results about the use of curcumin in reducing the symptoms of cancers, arthritis, allergies, atherosclerosis, neurogenic diseases, liver cirrhosis, obesity, psoriasis, and autoimmune diseases and delaying the aging process. In general, curcumin can be used as a supplement besides chemical drugs. Curcumin reduces inflammatory responses and its anti-inflammatory effect is comparable to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Medicinal plants are very diverse and can be used to treat various diseases. Further research in the field of herbal medicines can lead to a better understanding of their effects and applications and be effective in creating new medicines. According to the current research, it seems that curcumin with multiple abilities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer, can play an effective role in the process of preventing and treating some diseases. However, more studies and clinical research are needed to more accurately evaluate the long-term effects and safety of curcumin consumption. In the future, the exploration of medicinal plants holds promising prospects for the development of novel therapeutic interventions, as ongoing scientific research continues to unveil the intricate bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms underlying their medicinal properties, paving the way for innovative pharmaceutical applications and enhanced healthcare solutions.